The Age of Exploration Study Guide PDF

Chapter 5/6 - The Age of Exploration Study Guide Definitions: 1\. Expansionism - The actions and attitudes of a state/country whose goal is to expand its power, money, resources, territory, etc.. Done usually through military power or treaties. 2\. Circumnavigation - to sail all the way around th...

Chapter 5/6 - The Age of Exploration Study Guide Definitions: 1\. Expansionism - The actions and attitudes of a state/country whose goal is to expand its power, money, resources, territory, etc.. Done usually through military power or treaties. 2\. Circumnavigation - to sail all the way around the world 3\. Columbus - An Italian explorer who sailed for Spain. "Founded" the Americas in 1492 when he sailed the ocean blue. Started a European revolution of adventure to the New World. Europeans like him would have been very surprised by this landmass known as the Americas. 4\. Magellan - Portuguese explorer that sailed for Spain. First to circumnavigate the world, though he didn\'t finish the journey alive. 5\. Prince Henry - A Portuguese Prince who is famous for kickstarting the Age of Exploration. He created a famous navigation/sailing school to train sailors, navigators, cartographers, etc. as well as brought many people from all over the world together to trade sailing knowledge. This led to new technologies, ideas and routes forming. 6\. Colonization - When one country physically takes over another country or another part of the world and settles it. 7\. Decolonization - the process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country. 8\. Vasco Da Gama - Famous Portuguese explorer. He was the first European to use a sea route to get to India and Asia. Began sea based multiculturalism and global imperialism in Europe. He helped create a trading and colonial empire, opened the route for future travelers and made lots of money for Portugal. He basically lit the fire under the butts of many European countries to start exploring or else lose power to Portugal. 9\. European Disease (I.e. smallpox) - a devastating killer to many people. Killed more people than all wars. Europeans had dangerous and viral diseases like Smallpox for a long time and when they came to the Americas, they introduced it to the local population, usually by accident. This led to many Indigenous folk dying which also led to Europeans taking over the continent. However, some diseases from the Americas also came back to Europe as well. 10\. Imperialism - When an imperial country becomes rich by selling the goods and resources it takes from its colonies. Economic & political domination of one country over the other. Most European countries were imperialistic. Take resources to make their home countries rich and powerful to defeat rival European nations. Left colonies in poor shape & with lack of resources 11\. Ethnocentrism - Believing that your culture and way of life are superior (better) than others. Other people are inferior to you and your way of life. 12.Patriotism - love for or devotion to one\'s country. 13\. The 3 G's (Gold, Glory, God) - The three things that motivated Europeans to explore. They were always searching for gold since that made them more rich and powerful. Many explorers/countries wanted glory for finding new areas and they thought it was their duty to spread the word of God to new people. Questions: 1\. What were each of the nations (countries) trying to do on their voyages? What would have frustrated them the most? Which explorer traveled the farthest? (use the map scale) - - - - 2\. The European worldview regarding the world changed during the Renaissance. What was the change? Use an example to explain. They began being more expansionist and wanting to explore. Instead of just trading with other countries, paying tariffs for trade and inventing things, they also began to try to expand their sphere of influence and set up colonies to make more money, gain land/power/glory and spread the word of God. They learned more about the outside world and were motivated to explore the unknown. Europeans also became more ethnocentric as they explored more. 3\. European countries were motivated by many things to venture out and explore new areas. Some of those motivations/goals were: Economic: The biggest factor that influenced European culture to explore. Due to high trade tax and the dangers of the silk road, Europeans tried finding new routes to go to Asia. Lots of precious metals like gold (remember that Europeans were running out of Gold before reaching the Americas) and resources like wood, food, etc. were to be found by exploring too. Many nations wanted to be rich, These trade routes helped secure things such as spices that they could use to sell for gold. They also sought after raw resources and just plain old gold. This would later lead to the Columbian Exchange, where goods, people, diseases, etc. traveled intercontinentally. Many of these explorers hired interpreters to help build trade relationships with locals and colonies in various regions. Religious: Many Europeans thought that they needed to spread the word of God as it says so in the bible. As such, many exploration attempts used missionaries to do so. Some groups like the Portuguese also wanted to find the mythical kingdom of Prester John to help convert people in Africa to Christianity and to crusade against the Muslims. Political: Every country was expansionist and wanted more land as this meant more money and more power. Nations want the best out of their peers and have no one overcome their achievements. As such, many nations would seek to create political and trade relations with local indigenous groups as well as nations in the Far East. This would allow them to create colonies they could use to expand their trade and sphere of influence while ensuring that their rivals would have less power than them. Other reasons: Every nation wanted glory, as did the explorers. So they set out to find new things to claim as their own to put their names into history. Not only that, but the humanist view at the time was to explore the truth of the world and delve into the unknown to increase one's knowledge and understanding. 4\. Describe the 4 navigational tools of the time. - - - - 5\. List some discoveries of explorers of the time. - - - - - - - - 6\. Would you consider Prince Henry to be a humanist? Why or why not? Answers can go either way as this is an opinion based question. Example, yes because humanists are people who try to find the truth in all things and to examine the unknown, even if it involves a dangerous task. Prince Henry pushed for all of these things with his sailing school. 7\. Explain who Ferdinand Megellan was and what he did. - - - - - 8\. What is the Treaty of Tordesillas? What did it do? It was a treaty between Spain and Portugal that the Pope created which divided the world into the New and Old World. Both nations were exploring a lot and many arguments broke out between them on who gets what, especially in the Americas. They came to an agreement that the Spanish would get all land to the West of an imaginary line and Portuguese the East. Portugal got a lot of colonies in the Old World and Brazil. Spain got a lot of land in the New World. Other nations saw this treaty and questioned where their cut was. These nations did not get anything so they did not abide by the treaty. Began to try to take land from the Spanish and Portuguese. 9\. Describe the treatment of the Indigenous People that the explorers met. **[Be sure to describe how concepts such as imperialism, expansionism and disease played a role in this!!!]** - - - - - - - - - - - - 10\. What reasons did Europeans seek to expand their territory? They were humanists that were curious about the outside world. Not only that, they wanted to increase their trading power by finding direct sea routes to Asia and India. This would allow them to get easier access to more goods and thus more money. They also wanted to spread the word of God as they thought was their mission in life. Lastly, they wanted glory by getting more land for their country and becoming famous. Discovering new things, finding new trade routes for the kingdom and conquering land would make you rich and powerful.