Communication with Children PDF

Chapter 35 Communication and Teaching with Children and Families Dina Madi RN, PhD Communication Is important in the care of children. Is the exchange of ideas between two or more persons. It can be verbal/ using words, Or nonverbal/using actions ex. Touch or eye contact. I...

Chapter 35 Communication and Teaching with Children and Families Dina Madi RN, PhD Communication Is important in the care of children. Is the exchange of ideas between two or more persons. It can be verbal/ using words, Or nonverbal/using actions ex. Touch or eye contact. Is divided into two categories: Nontherapeutic Therapeutic Communication is divided into two major categories Nontherapeutic- lack of structure Therapeutic- face to face process of interaction Components: Encoder- person who shares thought or feeling with someone else Code- message Decoder- receiver Feedback- response of decoder to sender  Development of language At birth: child cries At 2yrs: 2 word-sentence (noun & verb) By preschool: 900 words and make jokes or stories School age: enlarge ability from oral exchanges to telephone use and other electronic devices. They can write poetry and can make jokes. Adolescents: originate new words for objects & feelings Levels of communication A person may use as many as five levels, from cliché to peak communication Level 5 - cliché: ”have a nice day” Level 4- fact reporting: ” I am 12, I am in 6th grade” Level 3- shared personal ideas: “I always wanted to be a nurse” Level 2- shared feelings “gut level” ”it is hard on me to do it” Level 1- peak communication- sense of oneness Nonverbal Communication General appearance Body posture and gait Humor Drawings Music Techniques to Encourage Therapeutic communication Distance Genuineness- being yourself Warmth- gentle tone of voice, direct eye contact Empathy- put yourself in their place & be sensitive Gestures- are culturally influenced Techniques to Encourage Therapeutic communication (Cont’d) Facial Expressions Touch Attentive listening- show you are listening. Use “uh-huh..or m-m-m” or I” am listening, Go on” Reflecting ex: “you feel anxious” (confused…) Clarifying Paraphrasing Techniques to Encourage Therapeutic communication (Cont’d) Perception checking: ALWAYS ask for validation that your perception is correct Focusing on the real meaning Supportive statements Silence Process recording Factors interfering with communication Age and developmental level Intellectual level: age, vocabulary & ability to encode decode message Physical factors Technical terminology Showing disapproval Growing defensive-avoid criticism Cliché advice Topping up-ex: “you want to know what problems really are?” Situation requiring unique communication skills Shy child—maintain an active relationship to gain trust Angry child—don’t draw into his anger, ask him why Demanding child due to insecurity Bullying or Sexually aggressive adolescent- set limits; censor the action not the patient Child who is not English proficient or children who speak another language Unconscious child- touch Hearing-challenged child Vision-challenged child Health Teaching Teaching is more than presenting information  Teaching is to increase someone knowledge or insight Effective teaching learning has to have occurred Effective teaching depends on the Teacher-learner relationship, it is best if it is interactive  Types of Learning Cognitive learning: Involves change in the level of knowledge Psychomotor learning: Change in persons ability to perform a skill Affective learning Change in ones attitude MOST difficult to bring about change teaching a child to like injection Influence of age on ability to learn Infant-senses Toddler-sense of autonomy (NO!) Preschooler-develop sense of initiative School age-short projects that offer immediate reward Adolescent-struggling for identity; responsible for their own care Teaching Plan Formulate a teaching plan: Identify Your Personal Strengths and Limitations; be honest about your capabilities Prepare Expected Outcome; planned with child and family, one info at a time Identify Teaching Format; Formal vs informal, group vs individual, alternative settings vs institutional teaching Determining Teaching Strategies; lecture, demonstration, redemonstration, discussion, role modeling and behavioral therapy Teaching Plan Cont’d Teaching tools Visual aids Pamphlets Learning games Videotapes, slides, and films Puppets and dolls The next two slides will help you in counseling and establishing rapport with kids on the units Applying Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Stages to Patient Counseling Tips for Establishing Rapport with Kids Thank you for your Attention