Principles of Management PDF

Principles of Management Dr. Alaa Gamie  Chapter One Managers and managing Learning objectives 1. Describe what management is, why management is important, what managers do, and how managers utilize organizational resources efficiently and effectively to achieve organizational g...

Principles of Management Dr. Alaa Gamie  Chapter One Managers and managing Learning objectives 1. Describe what management is, why management is important, what managers do, and how managers utilize organizational resources efficiently and effectively to achieve organizational goals 2. Distinguish among planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (the four principal managerial tasks), and explain how managers’ ability to handle each one affects organizational performance 3. Differentiate among three levels of management, and understand the tasks and responsibilities of managers at different levels in the organizational hierarchy 4. Distinguish between three kinds of managerial skill and explain why managers are divided into different departments to perform their tasks more efficiently and effectively. Dr. Alaa Gamie When you think of a manager, what kind of person comes to mind? Dr. Alaa Gamie What is management? The planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently Resources include people, skills, know-how and experience, machinery, raw materials, computers and IT, patents, financial capital, and loyal customers and employees Dr. Alaa Gamie Manager 1) All managers work in organizations Organizations – collections of people who work together and coordinate their actions to achieve a wide variety of goals 2) Managers are responsible for supervising the use of an organization’s resources to meet its goals  A desired future condition that the organization seeks to achieve. Dr. Alaa Gamie Achieving high performance A manager’s goal One of the key goals  provide goods and services that customers value and desire. Organizational performance  A measure of how efficiently and effectively managers use available resources to satisfy customers and achieve organizational goals Dr. Alaa Gamie Organizational performance Efficiency  measure of how productively resources are used to achieve a goal Organizations are efficient when managers minimize the amount of input resources (such as labor, raw materials, and component parts) or the amount of time needed to produce a given output of goods or services. Dr. Alaa Gamie Organizational performance Effectiveness  measure of the appropriateness of the goals that managers have selected for the organization to pursue and the degree to which the organization achieves those goals. Effective managers  those who choose the right organizational goals to pursue and have the skills to utilize resources efficiently. Dr. Alaa Gamie Dr. Alaa Gamie Why study management ? Dr. Alaa Gamie Essential managerial tasks The job of management is to help an organization make the best use of its resources to achieve its goals. Managers at all levels in all organizations perform each of the four essential managerial tasks of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling book that remains the classic statement of what managers must do to create a high-performing organization Dr. Alaa Gamie Four functions of management Dr. Alaa Gamie  Planning Managers identify and select appropriate organizational goals and courses of action  strategies for how to achieve high performance (1) deciding which goals the organization will pursue (2) deciding what strategies to adopt to attain those goals (3) deciding how to allocate organizational resources to pursue the strategies that attain those goals. Dr. Alaa Gamie  Organizing Task managers perform to create a structure of working relationships that allow organizational members to interact and cooperate to achieve organizational goals organizational structure formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates members so that they work together to achieve organizational goals Dr. Alaa Gamie  Leading Articulating a clear organizational vision for its members, and energize and enable employees so that everyone understands the part they play in achieving organizational goals Leadership involves using power, personality, and influence, persuasion, and communication skills Outcome of leadership is highly motivated and committed workforce Dr. Alaa Gamie  Controlling Task of managers is to evaluate how well an organization has achieved its goals and to take any corrective actions needed to maintain or improve performance The outcome of the control process is the ability to measure performance accurately and regulate organizational efficiency and effectiveness Dr. Alaa Gamie Performing managerial tasks Mintzberg’s typology Mintzberg identified 10 managerial roles or sets of job responsibilities, that reflects the dynamic nature of managerial work. He grouped the roles into three groups according to the type of responsability: Decisional Interpersonal Informational Dr. Alaa Gamie Decisional roles Dr. Alaa Gamie Interpersonal roles Dr. Alaa Gamie Informational roles Dr. Alaa Gamie Levels of management Dr. Alaa Gamie  Levels of management First-line managers  often called supervisors. They are responsible for daily supervision of the nonmanagerial employees who perform the specific activities necessary to produce goods and services. First-line managers work in all departments or functions of an organization. Middle managers  Supervise first-line managers. Responsible for finding the best way to organize human and other resources to achieve organizational goals Dr. Alaa Gamie  Levels of management Middle managers  To increase efficiency, middle managers find ways to help first-line managers and nonmanagerial employees better use resources to reduce manufacturing costs or improve customer service. To increase effectiveness, middle managers evaluate whether the organization’s goals are appropriate and suggest to top managers how goals should be changed Dr. Alaa Gamie  Levels of management Top managers  are responsible for the performance of all departments. They have cross-departmental responsibility. They establish organizational goals, such as which goods and services the company should produce; they decide how the different departments should interact; and they monitor how well middle managers in each department use resources to achieve goals. They responsible for the success or failure of an organization, and their performance Dr. Alaa Gamie  Relative amount of functions Planning and organizing Leading and controlling Dr. Alaa Gamie  Managerial skills Human skills Conceptual skills Technical skills The ability to The ability to analyze Job-specific skills understand, alter, and diagnose a required to perform lead, and control the situation and a particular type of behavior of other distinguish between work or occupation individuals and cause and effect. at a high level. groups. Dr. Alaa Gamie Skills types needed Dr. Alaa Gamie