Chapter 9: Highlights from Dr. D's Lectures PDF

**Chapter 9: Highlights from Dr. D's Lectures** **[Case 2 Cancer]** **LO: Give at 2 characteristics of cancer** **LO: Explain why some viruses increase the risk of cancer** **Terminology:** **Figure:** **Case 2** **[Ch. 9.1 Cells communicate primarily through sending and receiving chemical si...

**Chapter 9: Highlights from Dr. D's Lectures** **[Case 2 Cancer]** **LO: Give at 2 characteristics of cancer** **LO: Explain why some viruses increase the risk of cancer** **Terminology:** **Figure:** **Case 2** **[Ch. 9.1 Cells communicate primarily through sending and receiving chemical signals]** **Terminology:** **Figures: (all)** 9.1 Cellular communication 9.2 Communication among cells in a multicellular organism 9.3 Communication among bacterial cells 9.4 Steps in cell signaling Animation: Cell Signaling **Self-Assessment Questions:** What are the four essential elements of cell signaling? What are the steps that occur when a signaling molecule binds to a receptor on a responding cell? If a hormone is released into the blood stream so that it comes in contact with many cells, what determines which cells in the body respond to the hormone? **[Ch. 9.2 Cells communicate over varied distances]** **LO: Define autocrine, contact-dependent, paracrine, and endocrine signaling** **LO: Categorize a described type of signaling** **LO: Describe and analyze the experiments identifying signaling by growth factors** **Terminology:** **Figures: (all)** 9.5 Signaling distances 9.6 How Do We Know? Where do growth factors come from? **Self-Assessment Questions:** What is one way in which endocrine, paracrine, autocrine and contact-dependent signaling are similar to one another? What is one way in which endocrine, paracrine, autocrine and contact-dependent signaling are different to one another? **[Ch. 9.3: Signaling molecules can bind intracellular or transmembrane receptors.]** **LO: Compare receptors and their locations for non-polar and polar receptors of 3 types** **Terminology:** **Figures: (all)** 9.7 Cell-surface and intracellular receptors 9.8 Three types of cell-surface receptors 9.9 Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation **Self-Assessment Questions:** How are receptors that bind polar and non-polar signaling molecules similar and how are they different? How can cells respond to external signaling molecules, even when those signaling molecules cannot enter the cell? **[Ch. 9.4: G protein-coupled receptors are a large family of receptors, usually for short term responses]** **LO: Diagram the steps that allow amplification and termination of GPCR signaling** **Terminology:** **Second messenger** **Binding affinity** **Figures: (all)** 9.10 Activation of a G protein by a G protein-coupled receptor Animation: G Protein-Coupled Receptors 9.11 Adrenaline signaling in heart muscle 9.12 Amplification of G protein-coupled signaling Animation: Signal Amplification 9.13 Termination of a G protein-coupled signal **Self-Assessment Questions:** Is the term "G protein" just a shorter name for a G protein coupled receptor? What are three ways in which a signal is amplified in a G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway? What are three ways in which the response of a cell to a signal can be terminated? **[Ch. 9.5: Receptor kinase activation often leads to long-term responses]** **LO: Describe how each step is terminated.** **LO: Predict the changes that would occur if individual steps in this pathway were altered.** **LO: Relate this pathway to growth in cancer.** **LO: Define signal integration** **Terminology:** **Figures:** *(9.14 Mutations in the Kit receptor kinase)* 9.15 Receptor kinase activation and signaling 9.16 The MAP kinase pathway **Self-Assessment Questions:** How are receptor kinase pathways similar to G protein-coupled receptor pathways? How are receptor kinase pathways different from G protein-coupled receptor pathways?