ch07_ch07_presentation.pptx

CHAPTER 7 Disease Discussion What is the difference between a disease and a disorder? ● A disease is any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body. ● A disorder is a condition that causes abnormality of function; a pathological condition. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., In...

CHAPTER 7 Disease Discussion What is the difference between a disease and a disorder? ● A disease is any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body. ● A disorder is a condition that causes abnormality of function; a pathological condition. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. What is a Disease? Vocabulary 1.disease - any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body 2.disorder - an abnormality of function; pathological condition 3.syndrome - a group of symptoms that together indicate a disease. Tashatuvango/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. What Is a Disease? • Several terms are used to describe diseases – – – – – acute - a disease of sudden onset and short duration chronic - a disease of long duration incurable - a disease that cannot be cured or adequately treated. terminal - a disease that eventually ends in death communicable - a disease that is caused by pathogens and can be transferred from one living thing to another – non-communicable - disease that cannot be passed from one living thing to another, and which is caused by genes, diet, behavior, and other factor. – idiopathic - a disease of unknown cause Tashatuvango/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. What Is a Disease? • Several terms are used to describe diseases – epidemic - a disease that spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people – endemic - a disease that spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people – pandemic - a disease that affects an unusually large number of the population. – morbidity - a diseased or unhealthy state – comorbidity - two or more coexisting diseases – mortality - number of deaths in a given population the condition of being mortal – idiopathic - a disease of unknown cause Tashatuvango/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. What Is a Disease? • Several terms are used to describe diseases – – – – – – – localized - a disease that is confined to a certain area of the body systemic - a disease that affects a large part or most of the body benign - noncancerous, not threatening malignant - cancerous, growing worse congenital - a condition one is born with hereditary - a disease that is passed through the genes sign - objective finding that can be seen upon observation such as a rash, hair loss, or swelling – symptom - subjective findings that are experienced by the patient such as nausea, headache, or dizziness. Tashatuvango/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Discussion What is the difference between a endemic, epidemic and pandemic? Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Diagnosis • Diagnosis is the process of determining what is making a patient ill • Prognosis is the probable outcome of a disease • Several actions contribute to making a diagnosis – Studying a patient’s medical history – Listening to the patient’s description of the illness – Performing a physical examination – Analyzing the results of diagnostic tests megaflopp/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Disease Classifications • Seven classifications of disease by cause – – – – – – – Hereditary or genetic Congenital Environmental Nutritional Infectious Degenerative Traumatic Photographee.eu/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Critical Thinking If you had a hereditary disease, would you want to know about it before symptoms of the disease appeared? Why or why not? Andresr/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Hereditary and Genetic Disease • Hereditary disease results from abnormalities in a person’s genes • Down syndrome – Occurs when three number 21 chromosomes are present, rather than the usual two • Sickle cell anemia – Causes the red blood cells to take on a sickle, or crescent, shape and a sticky texture Designua/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Congenital Disease • Congenital diseases, or birth defects, exist at birth but may not be evident until later • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders – Caused by drinking alcohol while pregnant • Cerebral palsy – Caused by damage to the central nervous system during fetal development Jaren Jai Wicklund/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Environmental Disease • Environmental diseases can result from exposure to air and water pollution, radiation, or other harmful substances • Some cancers are caused by toxins in the environment • The lungs are particularly vulnerable to environmental diseases Hung Chung Chih/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Nutritional Disease • Causes – An inability to consume proper food and nutrients – An inability to absorb and utilize nutrients – Overeating or eating disorders • Malnutrition results from the inadequate intake of nutrients • Rickets is caused by a prolonged deficiency of vitamin D Minerva Studio/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Thinking Further What are two eating disorders that may lead to malnutrition? Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Obesity • Obesity is a medical condition in which a person has too much body fat • Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide • Being obese increases a person’s chance of developing serious health issues DONOT6_STUDIO/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Infectious Disease • Bacteria and viruses are pathogens that can cause disease • Transmitted from one living thing to another • Various forms of infectious hepatitis are caused by different viruses that affect the liver • Tetanus is a noncommunicable infectious disease Tashatuvango/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. For this activity you will... Step One Research the diseases mentioned on the right. —> Step Two Explain what each of them are in a complete sentence. Don’t forget to write S&S and treatments. Step Three Classify each of the diseases in one of the classifications mention before Diseases: - Sickle Cell Anemia - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - Black Lung - Obesity - Hepatitis B Degenerative Disease • Degenerative diseases are those in which tissues or organs deteriorate over time • Arthritis is a disorder involving inflammation of the joints – Osteoarthritis – Rheumatoid arthritis • Alzheimer’s disease is a common form of dementia Phovoir/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Trauma • Trauma is any physical injury to the body caused by an accident or violence • Examples of trauma – – – – – – Blunt force Gunshot wounds Car accidents Animal bites Electrical shocks Burns • Safety awareness can reduce injuries from trauma sfam_photo/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Leading Causes of Death in the United States • Several diseases are included on the list of the leading causes of death in the United States • Examples include heart disease and cancer • As a healthcare worker, it is important to understand these diseases Brian Chase/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Heart Disease • Heart disease includes a range of conditions that affect the heart • Atherosclerosis is a buildup of plaque in the arteries that can lead to heart attack • A circulating blood clot, or thrombus, can plug an artery and cause a heart attack or a stroke Africa Studio/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Thinking Further What can a person do to lower his or her risk of heart disease? • Lower blood pressure • Lower cholesterol • Eat a diet that is low in salt, refined sugars, total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol, and high in fruits and vegetables • Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption • Reduce stress and exercise regularly Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Cancer • Cancer is uncontrolled cell growth in the body • A neoplasm is a tumor that can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (harmless) • Metastasis is the spread of cancerous cells from their place of origin to other parts of the body via the bloodstream • Common types of cancer – – – – – Non-melanoma skin cancers Lung cancer Breast cancer Prostate cancer Colorectal cancer Designua/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Treatment for and Prevention of Cancer • Common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation • Methods for preventing cancer – Quitting smoking – Reducing alcohol consumption – Avoiding excessive sun exposure – Eating a healthy diet – Regular screenings Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Extend Your Knowledge Work on the box Extend Your Knowledge in pg. 221 of your book. Answer the following questions 1. Research how someone could become a bone marrow donor. 2. Where is bone marrow located in the human body? 3. Research to determine the ideal age range for bone marrow donation. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.