CH Exam 3.4 PDF

CH Exam 3.4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0c48x 1. Anthropods Insects that act as Vectors (Malaria, Dengue Fever, Lyme Disease, Bubonic Plague) 2. Prevalence The number or proportion of cases...

CH Exam 3.4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0c48x 1. Anthropods Insects that act as Vectors (Malaria, Dengue Fever, Lyme Disease, Bubonic Plague) 2. Prevalence The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at any given time. {new cases divided by cases within the year} 3. Attack Rate Percentage of people who become ill in pop- ulation after exposure {Sick people divided by exposed people} 4. Cohort Study Follows a specific population or group of people over a specified period of time. {Connect cause and effect of the treatments and outcomes} 5. Infectivity Ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host 6. Bacteria single-celled organisms such as Bacterial Meningitis, Anthrax, Bubonic Plague, TB, and Streptococcal. {Gram + or -} 7. Viruses Tiny particles, smaller than bacteria and other pathogens, which must invade living cells in or- der to reproduce. {HIV, Cold, Flu} 8. Reservior Were the agent resides. {Humans, Animals} 9. Incubatory Carriers Someone who can transmit during incubation. 10. Convalescent Carrier Someone who is recovered but is still able to transmit. 11. Fomite Inanimate object that harbors and transmits pathogens. {Office phone} 12. Host Human that is at risk 13. 1/8  CH Exam 3.4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0c48x The Cycle of Transmis- Agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmis- sion sion, portal of entry, susceptible host 14. How is the chain of infec- By reducing susceptibility of the host. {Vaccina- tion broken? tions, Hand Washing, Laws and Regulations} 15. Examples of Reportable Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and HIV. STI's 16. Artificial Passive Immuni- Immunity which results from the administration ty of antibodies from another animal against a dan- gerous pathogen. {Antivenom, Administering An- tibodies from another person} 17. Example of Passive Immu- Breastfeeding nity 18. Active Immunity Exposure to antigen or Vaccination 19. Leading Causes of Death Heart Disease {#1}, Cancer, Covid, Accidents 20. Primary Prevention In- Promoting healthy lifestyles through immuniza- volves tions, encouraging exercise, and healthy nutri- tion. AKA Preventing the disease. 21. Secondary Prevention Detecting and treating diseases early. 22. Teritiary Prevention Disease is in place and the goal is to reduce the impact of the disease 23. What does the Ecological Person, Place, and Time Model emphasis? 24. What is Passive Surveil- Disease reporting's, and Hospital Records of pa- lance? tients who are not currently hospitalized. Normal- ly simple and inexpensive, but limited by incom- plete reporting and variability of quality. 25. What is Active Surveil- Using health records for patients in the hospital lance? currently 2/8  CH Exam 3.4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0c48x 26. The Risk Factor Phase in- Linking exposures volves? 27. Sanitary Phase involves? Linking illness related to foul emanations from water, food and soil. 28. 3 Phases of Epidemiolog- Sanitary Phase, Risk Factor Phase, and Infec- ical are? tious Disease Phase 29. Environmental risk fac- Air, Water, and Soil tors include? 30. The 3 Epidemiological Person {Demographics}, Place {Location of vari- Constants are? ables}, and Time {When did people get exposed} 31. What is the web of causa- Schematic of how agents work together to cause tion? disease/ 32. What epidemiological Web of Causation Framework Framework could be used to asses multiple factors that correlate with alco- holism, Suicide, and Dia- betic Retinopathy. 33. What are the 3 major parts Purpose {Design health promotion, under- of the Ecological Model? standing health behaviors}, Epidemiology Tools {Biostats, Census}, and Life Expectancy 34. Examples of indirect Fomites transmission 35. Example of direct expo- Flees and Ticks sure 36. The 3 types of Risk Fac- Behavioral, Environmental, and Genetic tors 37. Indicated Prevention Preventive intervention targeting individuals at high risk for developing extensive problems in 3/8  CH Exam 3.4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0c48x the future. {Ex; Teaching children recovering from alcoholism stress management techniques} 38. Selective Prevention Preventive intervention targeting subgroups of people at risk for a particular problem. {Already been identified as having an elevated risk for a disorder, Exposure to people who do drugs around them} 39. Universal Prevention Preventive intervention targeting large groups of people not afflicted by a particular problem. {Pro- moting Healthy Behavior in a total population} 40. What is a stimulant? Stimulate the central nervous system. {Cocaine, Meth, Nicotine, Ritalin} 41. What is a depressant? Depresses the central nervous system. {Alcohol, Barbiturates, Valium, Xanax, Prozac, Thorazine} 42. What is a inhalant? Inhaled producing mind altering affects. {Butyl nitrite, Amyl nitrite, Aerosol cans, Glue, Vapors, Pens} 43. What is a narcotic? {Vicodin, Oxycontin, Opium, Morphine, Methadone, Meperidine, Heroin} 44. What is a hallucinogen? Results in altered perception of reality. {LSD, Ec- stasy} 45. What is a dissociative Inhibits the body's ability to perceive pain. {PCP, anesthetic? can cause agitation} 46. What is a Cannabinoid? THC, Marijuana, Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabis, and Hashish. {Results in feeling eu- phoric and can include distorted perceptions and memory impairment} 47. What is the Harm Reduc- Data that is gathered in order to assess the risk tion Model? for harm and develop a treatment plan. Reducing high risk behavior not completely focusing on 4/8  CH Exam 3.4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0c48x abstinence. {We should never make someone feel bad for relapsing} 48. Blood Alcohol Concentra- 0.08 grams percent or above tion 49. What is Tolerance? The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect. {Creating Physical Dependence} 50. What is a Withdrawal? The discomfort and distress that follow discontin- uing the use of an addictive drug 51. What is a Binge Drinking? The consumption of an excessive amount of al- cohol in a short period of time. {Five or more drinks for men Four or more for women} 52. What is the safe limit There is none for the use of drugs and alcohol for a pregnant women? 53. How does Fetal Alcohol Physical, behavioral , and learning problems. Spectrum Disorder pre- {Significant CNS structure changes} sent? 54. What are some psychoso- Legal ramifications, employment problems, and cial issues that come up family conflict. with alcohol use. 55. Which sex is considered Men {Surprise Surprise} higher risk for use of harmful substances and behaviors? 56. What are the SBI and Screening for alcohol abuse and treatment mea- SBIRT used for? sures. 57. 5/8  CH Exam 3.4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0c48x What age group has a sig- The Elderly. {Balance issues and slower metab- nificant problems associ- olism} ated with drinking? 58. What legal substance Tobacco contributes to more than half of its user deaths? 59. What is the growing popu- Adolescents {Target audience for tobacco use lation that uses tobacco? reduction, vaping} 60. What can we do on a com- Make sure there is enough public funding for tar- munity level to prevent geting substance use. Initiating prevention pro- opioid use and overdose? grams in elementary schools and creating nee- dle exchange programs. 61. What is an example of Stigmatization a deterrent to receiving treatment? 62. In 2021, 13.8% of what Youth and young adults population reported using drugs 63. What are the top 3 causes Poisoning, Falls, and Motor Vehicle accidents of unintentional injuries? 64. What are the top 2 causes Homicide and Suicide {Gun Laws Affect this} of intentional injuries? 65. What population is at risk LGBTQ+, Homeless people, Migrants, Prison- for intentional injuries? ers, Veterans, and Refugees 66. What is interpersonal vio- Occurs between two people lence? 67. What is family violence? Emotional, physical, or sexual abuse of one fam- ily member by another. {Child abuse, Partner Abuse, Elder Abuse} 6/8  CH Exam 3.4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0c48x 68. What are examples of Stranger violence and Gang violence community violence? 69. What is Collective vio- Occurs when there is war between two nations lence? or groups/ {Rape, Terrorism, Gang War} 70. What are the Four types of Neglect, Psychological, Physical, and Sexual violence? 71. What is the Haddon Ma- A method to generate ideas about injury preven- trix? tion that address the host, agent, and environ- ment and their impact in the pre-event, event, and post-event phases of the injury process. {Originally designed for motor vehicle accidents} 72. What are the types of dis- Visual {Taking your eyes of the road}, Manual tracted driving. {Taking your hands off the wheel},and Cognitive {Taking you mind of the road} 73. What are some behavioral Not wearing a seat belt, texting and driving, dri- risk factors of motor vehi- ving under the influence. cle accidents? 74. What is one way we can Making sure there is crosswalks. impact motor vehicle ac- cidents with the environ- ment? 75. What are some primary in- Fencing, Swimming Lessons, and Supervision terventions we can use to prevent Drowning? 76. What are some secondary Making sure families know CPR interventions we can use to prevent Drowning? 77. What are some risk fac- Ages 1-4, Ethnic groups, Males, Alcohol, Lack of tors for Drowning barriers and ability to swim, failures to wear life jackets, Seizure disorder, and Lack of supervi- sion. 7/8  CH Exam 3.4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0c48x 78. What are some prevention Safety locks on the windows gate and stairs, methods for falls? providing safety measures on playgrounds. {Chil- dren Fall of furnature} 79. What age group accounts Children under 6 for most if the poison- ings? 80. The top five poison expo- Cosmetics, Personal Care, Household products, sure are? Medications, and Homeopathic medications. 81. What are some preven- Not sharing medications, Labeling meds, prop- tion methods for prevent- er disposal of meds, avoiding button batteries, ing poisonings? avoiding pesticides. 82. Risk factors for child mal- Younger then 4, LGBTQ+, Special needs that treatment may increase caregiver burden 83. What is a priority action Creating a safety plan for someone experiencing partner violence. 84. Prevention for partner vio- Community support groups, training for law en- lence forcement and healthcare professionals, making sure women are provided access to safety 85. Prevention for community Better employment opportunities, Job Fairs, violence Conflict resolution 86. What can cause PTSD War, Traumatic Events, Abuse, witnessing vio- (Post Traumatic Stress lent crimes Disorder) 87. 3 constants to the epi- Environment, Agent, Host demiological triangle 8/8