Ch 7 Respiratory review Answers.docx

Why is it important that the larynx function correctly? It is involved in a healthy swallow reflex and helps to prevent aspiration pneumonia What organisms can cause an infection in the sinuses? Bacteria, viruses and fungi What is another term for non-infectious sinusitis? Hay fever Describe sinusit...

Why is it important that the larynx function correctly? It is involved in a healthy swallow reflex and helps to prevent aspiration pneumonia What organisms can cause an infection in the sinuses? Bacteria, viruses and fungi What is another term for non-infectious sinusitis? Hay fever Describe sinusitis Inflammation of the mucus-producing membranes that line hollow areas in the facial bones What type of sinusitis is related to a hypersensitivity reaction to environmental triggers? Non-infectious sinusitis Describe emphysema Genetic anomalies and/or exposure to pollutants cause irreversible damage to alveoli What are the lesions most directly associated with emphysema? Bullae What are the most predictable signs of emphysema? Pain with breathing, rales and labored exhalation What does “emphysema” mean? Inflated If a person with flu doesn’t recover well, but instead finds that his cough lingers and gets worse with prolonged fever, what should be suspected? Complicated to pneumonia If a person with flu also has nausea and vomiting, what has probably happened? General stress and inflammation have irritated the gastrointenstinal tract This type of flu was a pandemic in 2009. It can involve very aggressive attacks against healthy young adults: not the typical at-risk population. What is it? H1N1 (swine) flu Flu is typically marked by what symptoms in addition to fever, headache, and sinus congestion? Body aches and pains, possibly nausea Describe asthma. An airway disorder triggered by environmental irritants and emotional stress What happens during an asthma attack? Bronchioles constrict while filling up with mucus During an episode, a person who has asthma will find it… More difficult exhale than to inhale When cancer develops at the back of the throat it is called what? Laryngeal cancer This condition is sometimes called a “chest cold” because the symptoms focus in the thorax. It is usually self-limiting and resolves within about 10 days from onset. What is it? Acute bronchitis What are the major signs and symptoms of pneumonia? High fever, shortness of breath, cyanosis Describe pneumonia An infection that causes inflammation of the lungs What pathogens can cause pneumonia? Viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma and fungi What is the most common way to contract pneumonia, usually as a complication of cold or flu? Community-acquired pneumonia When a person develops pneumonia while he or she is in the hospital or shortly after leaving, this is called what? Nosocomial pneumonia Describe bronchopneumonia An infection that began in the bronchi and spread into patchy areas of the lungs This condition does not create symptoms in 90% of the people have it. When it does become symptomatic, it can be contagious and potentially dangerous. What is it? Tuberculosis Describe lobar pneumonia Pneumonia that is limited to one lobe of the lung What are the signs and symptoms of secondary phase tuberculosis? Fever, sweating, exhaustion What is the most common form of tuberculosis? Drug-susceptible TB What impact does cystic fibrosis have on general physiology? All exocrine secretions are thick and sticky. The respiratory symptoms of a person with cystic fibrosis include? Chest pain, wheezing, cyanosis What is the most common form of tuberculosis? It also has the best prognosis if medication is taken as prescribed. Drug-susceptible TB This type of flu causes anywhere from 23,000 to 36,000 deaths each year in the US and is more serious for children under 5 years old and adults over 65 years old. What is it? Seasonal flu When a pathogen infects alveoli, what happens? The alveoli fill up with pus and mucus so that gaseous exchange isn’t possible What causes the common cold? Any hundreds of differed virus’ What are the structures that are destroyed in the development of chronic bronchitis? Elastin fibers that allow the lungs to passively expel air What are some early signs or symptoms of laryngeal cancer? Coughing, hoarseness, a sense of something being stuck in the throat What is the most dependable early signs of lung cancer? Nothing: this disease is usually silent until it is advanced What is the biggest risk factor for lung cancer? Smoking What is the leading cause of death by cancer for both men and women in the US? Lung cancer This type of lung cancer includes several subtypes. They account for the majority of lung cancer diagnoses, and they are usually not diagnosed until stage IV. What is it? Non-small cell lung cancer This form of tuberculosis is treated with the antibiotics that were first used against TB from the 1940s. it is rare in the US but not in other places in the world. What is it? Extensively drug-resistant TB What are signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis? Subtle with a slow onset, easy to ignore in early stages If someone with a cold doesn’t recover easily, but instead has a complication, what is that most likely to be? Chronic bronchitis What is the best description of common cold? A viral upper respiratory tract infection Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a group term that encompasses what disorders? Chronic bronchitis and emphysema Practical Application: You are doing some volunteer chair massage in a clinic for people who are homeless. One gentleman has been waiting for his turn with you when he begins to cough deeply. Finally he expels blood-tinged sputum into a tissue. What is your best option? Require him to consult with a clinic supervisor before receiving massage therapy; he needs to receive care for his chest infection. Your new client has been diagnosed with stage I laryngeal cancer. He is 67 years old, in generally good health, and starting radiation treatments next week. He would like to receive massage therapy before he begins this challenging time. What accommodations does he need? Give him a relaxing massage as requested, and avoid the anterior triangle of the neck. Your client with emphysema has recently started using supplemental oxygen. What accommodations does this require? If your client wants to use oxygen while she receives massage, you need to position her in a way that makes it comfortable; she may not be able to be prone, but side-lying with adequate bolstering should be relaxing. Y our client is a 76-year-old lady with chronic bronchitis and osteoporosis. She has been a smoker for 60 years; repeated efforts to quit have not been successful. Now she is struggling for breath, and she has pneumonia at least twice every year. She would like to see if massage therapy might help her fatigue and resilience. What accommodations might she need? Give her a gentle treatment with any extra bolstering that helps her be comfortable; include some focused work on the muscles of inhalation and exhalation to try to improve efficiency there. Your client gets colds so frequently that he is in trouble for missing a lot of work. He wonders if receiving massage therapy might strengthen his immune system enough that he can have better resistance. What is your best option? Inform him that massage therapy might help with immune system function for some people but you cant promise it will help him be sick less often – however, he might feel better in general if he gets massage on a regular basis