Psychology 40S Chapter 3 Test - Sensation and Perception PDF

Psychology 40S Name: _______________________ Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception /40 Multiple Choice: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Sensation is ________...

Psychology 40S Name: _______________________ Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception /40 Multiple Choice: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Sensation is __________________. a) The basic experience of stimulating the body’s sense b) The presence of sensory cell activity in the absence of external stimulation c) The organization of stimuli to create meaningful patterns d) The result of activity in the efferent nervous system 2. A specialized cell that responds to a particular form of energy is a _________. a) Transponder cell b) Receptor cell c) Feature detector d) Glial cell 3. A psychologist who asked you to make a series of judgements to determine whether or not a light was present in an unlighted room would be trying to assess your _______ for perceiving light. a) Absolute threshold b) Response bias c) Psychometric function d) Just noticeable difference (jnd) 4. According to McBurney and Collings, the average threshold for human hearing is the tick of a watch from ________ feet in very quiet conditions. a) 40 b) 20 c) 60 d) 80 1 Psychology 40S 5. According to McBurney and Collings, the average threshold for human smell is one drop of perfume diffused through a _______ room apartment. a) Four b) Three c) Two d) Five 6. The process by which our senses adjust to varying levels of stimulation to allow them to operate as sensitively as possible without becoming overloaded is called _________. a) Transformation b) Adaptation c) Transmutation d) Transduction 7. The smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time is called the _________ threshold. a) Absolute b) Response c) Separation d) Difference 8. According to McBurney and Collings, the average threshold for human vision is a candle flame seen from _______ mile(s) on a dark, clear night. a) 1 b) 15 c) 7.5 d) 30 2 Psychology 40S 9. Laverne goes into a movie theater to watch her favorite movie. About halfway through the movie she becomes aware of an overpowering hunger for popcorn. What she doesn’t realize is that throughout the first part of the movie, a message saying “Eat Popcorn!” was repeatedly flashed on the screen at a speed too fast for her to be consciously aware of it. If her desire for popcorn is due to that message, she is responding to _________. a) Cognitive restructuring b) Subliminal perception c) Selective perception d) Stroboscopic perception 10. The ability to perceive or acquire information without using the ordinary senses is known as __________. a) Extrasensory perception b) Subliminal perception c) Selective perception d) Stroboscopic perception 11. Irene claims that she had a vision in which she saw her brother getting injured in an automobile accident. As it turns out, her brother, who was 500 miles away, was actually injured in a car accident at the exact moment in which Irene had her vision. Irene’s experience is an example of ___________. a) Telepathy b) Telekinesis c) Precognition d) Clairvoyance 12. The type of ESP involving knowledge of someone else’s thoughts or feelings is known as __________. a) Clairvoyance b) Telekinesis c) Telepathy d) Precognition 3 Psychology 40S 13. Nostradamus claimed to have visions in which he saw events months or years before they actually happened. His claimed ability is an example of _________. a) Telepathy b) Telekinesis c) Precognition d) Clairvoyance 14. The operation of ESP and other psychic phenomenon is the focus of a field of study called _________. a) Nontraditional psychology b) Phenomenology c) Sensory psychology d) Parapsychology 15. The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the ________________. a) Cornea b) Retina c) Pupil d) Lens 16. Peter goes from bright sunlight into a dimly lit theater. At first, he can see little or nothing as he looks for a seat. Over a ten-minute period he is gradually able to see things directly in front of him more clearly. His ability to see things off to the side steadily improves for another twenty minutes. This process is called __________. a) Light compensation b) Dark compensation c) Dark adaptation d) Light adaptation 17. The process by which rods and cones become LESS sensitive to light is called _________. a) Dark adaptation b) Light adaptation c) Optic adaptation d) Squinting 4 Psychology 40S 18. Jamie leaves a darkened movie theater and walks out into a bright light. Normally, it will take about _________ minute(s) for her rods and cones to adjust to the outside light. a) 15 b) 1 c) 30 d) 10 19. The psychological experience created by the brain in response to changes in air pressure that are perceived in the auditory system is known as ___________. a) Amplitude b) Sound c) Vibration d) Harmonics 20. There are approximately __________ odor-detecting cells located high in each nasal cavity. a) 12 million b) 1.2 million c) 12,000 d) 120 million 21. Humans can distinguish approximately _________ different smells. a) 10,000 b) 5000 c) 500 d) 1000 22. A chemical that communicates information to other organisms through the sense of smell is called ________. a) Odorant protein building b) A pheromone c) A scent d) A saccule 5 Psychology 40S 23. Structures on the tongue that contain the receptor cells for taste are the _______. a) Saccules b) Golgi tendon organs c) Hair cells d) Taste buds 24. “Phantom limb” pain occurs in at least ______ percent of amputees. a) 25 b) 45 c) 90 d) 65 25. The idea that certain areas of the brainstem can send out signals to fibers connected to the spinal cord and effectively block pain is part of the _______ theory of pain. a) Cerebral control b) Gate-control c) Pattern d) Primary receptor 26. Placebo pills and acupuncture have both been effective in reducing pain. The common element in both of these methods may be their ability to stimulate the ________. a) Production of adrenal hormones b) Release of endorphins c) Opening of neurological gates in the spine d) Arousal of the peripheral nervous system 27. The process of creating meaningful patterns from raw sensory information is _______. a) Perception b) Sensation c) The phi phenomenon d) Transduction 6 Psychology 40S 28. Optical illusion results from distortions in ___________. a) Adaptation b) Transduction c) Sensation d) Perception 29. Perceptual constancy refers to the ________. a) Tendency to perceive objects as relatively stable and unchanging, despite changing sensory information b) Tendency to code incoming stimuli always in the same way c) Fact that the “jnd” is constant over a wide range of stimulus intensities d) Awareness that objects do not cease to exist when they are out of sight 30. Whether you are standing right next to it or a mile away from it, you know a tree is the same size because of ________. a) Retinal disparity b) Size constancy c) The phi phenomenon d) The figure-ground distinction 31. When you stand to the side of a window frame, it casts a trapezoidal (non rectangular) image on your retina. It still seems rectangular to you, though, because of ________. a) The phi phenomenon b) Shape constancy c) Figure-ground constancy d) Size constancy 32. Visual distance and depth cues that require the use of only one eye are called _______ cues. a) Dichromatic b) Monaural c) Monocular d) Binocular 7 Psychology 40S 33. When one object partly blocks another, it provides an important distance cue called ________. a) Aerial perspective b) Interposition c) Motion parallax d) Elevation 34. The distance cue in which two parallel lines extend into the distance and seem to come together at one point is called _________. a) Shadowing b) Aerial perspective c) Motion parallax d) Linear perspective 35. Visual distance and depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called ________ cues. a) Dichromatic b) Monocular c) Binocular d) Binaural 36. Flavour is ____________. a) Taste b) A combination of touch and taste c) A combination of taste and smell d) Smell 37. When we look at objects fairly close to us, our eyes tend to turn slightly inward toward each other. This process is called ________. a) Convergence b) Being cross-eyed c) Retinal disparity d) Binocular inversion 8 Psychology 40S 38. An illusion due to misleading cues in stimuli which cause us to create perceptions that are inaccurate or impossible is called a(n) ____________ illusion. a) Stroboscopic b) Perceptual c) Induced d) Physical 39. You are told you are going to be shown some words related to food. The experimenter then shows you the word “piazo” and you perceive the word as “pizza.” This shows that your perceptions are affected by your __________. a) Cultural background b) Expectations c) Motivations d) Cognitive style 40. People who tend to perceive the elements of their environment as separate and distinct from one another are called ________. a) Field-dependent b) Reducers c) Field-independent d) Augmenters 9 Psychology 40S ANSWER SHEET Name: _____________________ 1. ____ 21. ____ 2. ____ 22. ____ 3. ____ 23. ____ 4. ____ 24. ____ 5. ____ 25. ____ 6. ____ 26. ____ 7. ____ 27. ____ 8. ____ 28. ____ 9. ____ 29. ____ 10. ____ 30. ____ 11. ____ 31. ____ 12. ____ 32. ____ 13. ____ 33. ____ 14. ____ 34. ____ 15. ____ 35. ____ 16. ____ 36. ____ 17. ____ 37. ____ 18. ____ 38. ____ 19. ____ 39. ____ 20. ____ 40. ____ 10