Podcast
Questions and Answers
What concept is illustrated by perceiving 'piazo' as 'pizza'?
What concept is illustrated by perceiving 'piazo' as 'pizza'?
- Cognitive style
- Motivations
- Expectations (correct)
- Cultural background
What term describes individuals who perceive elements of their environment as separate and distinct?
What term describes individuals who perceive elements of their environment as separate and distinct?
- Reducers
- Augmenters
- Field-independent (correct)
- Field-dependent
Which perception is least likely affected by one's cultural background?
Which perception is least likely affected by one's cultural background?
- Recognition of symbols
- Literal comprehension of language (correct)
- Interpretation of colors
- Understanding of humor
Which of the following factors does not typically alter how we perceive ambiguous stimuli?
Which of the following factors does not typically alter how we perceive ambiguous stimuli?
Field-dependent individuals are more likely to __________.
Field-dependent individuals are more likely to __________.
If a person's desire for popcorn is influenced by a message flashed too quickly to be consciously acknowledged, they are responding to _________.
If a person's desire for popcorn is influenced by a message flashed too quickly to be consciously acknowledged, they are responding to _________.
The phenomenon of acquiring information without the use of ordinary senses is known as __________.
The phenomenon of acquiring information without the use of ordinary senses is known as __________.
Irene's vision of her brother's injury occurring at the same time shows an example of ___________.
Irene's vision of her brother's injury occurring at the same time shows an example of ___________.
The ability to know someone else’s thoughts or feelings is specifically called __________.
The ability to know someone else’s thoughts or feelings is specifically called __________.
How long does it typically take for the rods and cones in the eyes to adjust to bright light after leaving a dark environment?
How long does it typically take for the rods and cones in the eyes to adjust to bright light after leaving a dark environment?
Nostradamus's claims of seeing events before they occur exemplify _________.
Nostradamus's claims of seeing events before they occur exemplify _________.
The study of ESP and other psychic phenomena is known as _________.
The study of ESP and other psychic phenomena is known as _________.
What is the term for the psychological experience caused by changes in air pressure perceived in the auditory system?
What is the term for the psychological experience caused by changes in air pressure perceived in the auditory system?
The structure controlling the amount of light that enters the eye is the ________________.
The structure controlling the amount of light that enters the eye is the ________________.
Approximately how many odor-detecting cells are located in each nasal cavity?
Approximately how many odor-detecting cells are located in each nasal cavity?
Humans can distinguish approximately how many different smells?
Humans can distinguish approximately how many different smells?
The gradual increase in vision sensitivity in low light conditions is known as __________.
The gradual increase in vision sensitivity in low light conditions is known as __________.
What term describes a chemical that communicates information to other organisms through the sense of smell?
What term describes a chemical that communicates information to other organisms through the sense of smell?
What explains the perception that a tree is the same size regardless of distance from it?
What explains the perception that a tree is the same size regardless of distance from it?
What structures on the tongue contain receptor cells for taste?
What structures on the tongue contain receptor cells for taste?
What enables us to perceive a window frame as rectangular despite its trapezoidal image on the retina?
What enables us to perceive a window frame as rectangular despite its trapezoidal image on the retina?
Which term refers to visual distance cues that require only one eye?
Which term refers to visual distance cues that require only one eye?
What is the percentage of amputees who experience 'phantom limb' pain?
What is the percentage of amputees who experience 'phantom limb' pain?
The ability of placebo pills and acupuncture to reduce pain may be associated with their capacity to stimulate the _______.
The ability of placebo pills and acupuncture to reduce pain may be associated with their capacity to stimulate the _______.
What distance cue is illustrated by one object blocking another?
What distance cue is illustrated by one object blocking another?
What is the term for the visual depth cue involving parallel lines converging at a point?
What is the term for the visual depth cue involving parallel lines converging at a point?
Which visual distance cue relies on both eyes for depth perception?
Which visual distance cue relies on both eyes for depth perception?
How is flavor defined in sensory processing?
How is flavor defined in sensory processing?
What is the eye movement called when focusing on close objects?
What is the eye movement called when focusing on close objects?
Sensation is best described as:
Sensation is best described as:
A specialized cell that responds to a particular form of energy is known as a:
A specialized cell that responds to a particular form of energy is known as a:
If a psychologist is assessing your ability to detect light in a dark room, they are evaluating your:
If a psychologist is assessing your ability to detect light in a dark room, they are evaluating your:
The average threshold for human hearing is considered to be the tick of a watch from how many feet away in quiet conditions?
The average threshold for human hearing is considered to be the tick of a watch from how many feet away in quiet conditions?
The process by which our senses adjust to varying stimulation levels to maintain sensitivity is called:
The process by which our senses adjust to varying stimulation levels to maintain sensitivity is called:
The smallest detectable change in stimulation occurring 50 percent of the time is termed the:
The smallest detectable change in stimulation occurring 50 percent of the time is termed the:
According to McBurney and Collings, the average threshold for human vision is the flame of a candle from how many miles on a dark, clear night?
According to McBurney and Collings, the average threshold for human vision is the flame of a candle from how many miles on a dark, clear night?
What is the average threshold for human smell, according to McBurney and Collings?
What is the average threshold for human smell, according to McBurney and Collings?
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Study Notes
Sensation and Perception
- Sensation is the process of receiving information from the environment
- Receptor cells are specialized cells designed to respond to a specific form of energy
- Absolute threshold is the minimum amount of energy needed for a person to detect a stimulus 50% of the time
- The average human hearing threshold is the tick of a watch from 20 feet away
- The average human smell threshold is one drop of perfume diffused in a three-room apartment
- The average human vision threshold is a candle flame seen from 30 miles away
- Sensory adaptation is the process by which our senses adjust to varying levels of stimulation
- The difference threshold, or just noticeable difference (jnd ), is the smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50% of the time
- Subliminal perception occurs when a stimulus is presented so briefly or faintly that it is below the absolute threshold of awareness, but it can still have an effect
- Extrasensory perception (ESP) is the ability to perceive or acquire information without using the ordinary senses
- Telepathy is the transfer of thoughts from one person to another without using any known sensory channels
- Precognition is the ability to foresee the future
- Parapsychology is the study of ESP and other psychic phenomena
- The cornea is a transparent covering over the eye that helps to focus light
- The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter
- The lens is a flexible structure behind the pupil that helps to focus light on the retina
- Dark adaptation is the process of adjusting the eyes from a light to a dark environment.
- Light adaptation is the process of adjusting the eyes from a dark to a light environment.
- The ear is the sensory organ for hearing and balance.
- The human ear can detect sounds ranging in frequency from about 20 to 20,000 hertz.
- There are approximately 12 million odor-detecting cells located high in each nasal cavity
- Humans can distinguish approximately 10,000 different smells
- Pheromones are chemical signals that can affect the behavior of other organisms
- Taste buds are structures on the tongue that contain the receptor cells for taste
- Phantom limb pain is a sensation of pain in a limb that has been amputated.
- The gate-control theory of pain proposes that the spinal cord contains a "gate" that can either block or allow pain signals to travel to the brain
- Perception is the process of creating meaningful patterns from raw sensory information
- Perceptual constancy is the tendency to perceive objects as relatively stable and unchanging, despite changing sensory information
- Size constancy is the tendency to perceive an object as being the same size, regardless of its distance from the observer
- Shape constancy is the tendency to perceive an object as having the same shape, regardless of its orientation.
- Monocular cues are visual distance and depth cues that require the use of only one eye.
- Interposition is a monocular depth cue in which one object partly blocks another, making the blocked object seem further away.
- Linear perspective is a monocular depth cue which causes parallel lines to seemingly converge at a point in the distance.
- Binocular cues are visual distance and depth cues that require the use of both eyes
- Convergence is the degree to which the eyes turn inward when focusing on an object
- Retinal disparity is a binocular depth cue that results from the slight difference in the images that reach the two eyes
- Perceptual illusions are misleading cues in stimuli which cause us to create perceptions that are inaccurate or impossible
- Expectations are the beliefs that we hold about the environment that can influence our perceptions.
- Field-independent people tend to perceive the elements within their environment as separate and distinct from one another.
- Field-dependent people tend to be more sensitive to their environment, and experience more perceptual distortion.
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