Ch 28 AP online PDF

1. Which organism has the highest concentration of potassium ions in their plasma? a. Freshwater mussels b. Brown trout c. Crayfish d. Frogs Answer: b Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. Which structure in crayfish is analogous to the kidney? a. Carapace b....

1. Which organism has the highest concentration of potassium ions in their plasma? a. Freshwater mussels b. Brown trout c. Crayfish d. Frogs Answer: b Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. Which structure in crayfish is analogous to the kidney? a. Carapace b. Antennal gland c. Antenna d. Heart Answer: b Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 3. Which animal has the highest osmotic U/P ratio? a. Clawed toad b. Goldfish c. Crayfish d. Snail Answer: d Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 4. Freshwater animals transport sodium into their body from the environment via a. simple diffusion. b. facilitated diffusion. c. passive transport. d. active transport. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 5. If the sodium concentration in a frog’s environment were to decrease to 0.01 mM, sodium intake from the environment would a. continue to occur by diffusion. b. continue to occur by facilitated diffusion. c. continue to occur by active transport. d. cease to occur by diffusion. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. 6. If the chloride concentration in a frog’s environment were to decrease to 0.01 mM, chloride intake from the environment would a. continue to occur by diffusion. b. continue to occur by facilitated diffusion. c. continue to occur by active transport. d. cease to occur by diffusion. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 7. The excess protons that fish gills pump into the environment are the product of a. carbon dioxide reacting with water. b. protein metabolism. c. catabolism. d. glycolysis. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 8. In adult freshwater fish, chloride exchange with the environment occurs primarily in the a. kidneys. b. heart. c. gills. d. skin. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 9. In adult freshwater teleosts, gas exchange occurs in the a. skin. b. gill arches. c. gill filaments. d. lamellae. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing 10. Which organelle is most abundant in chloride cells? a. Golgi apparatus b. Mitochondria c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum d. Ribosomes Answer: b Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. 11. If you were to decrease the calcium concentration in a freshwater fish’s environment, a. the number of its chloride cells would increase. b. the number of its chloride cells would decrease. c. the number of its chloride cells would remain the same. d. its oxygen uptake ability would increase. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Animals in Freshwater Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 12. Which organism is most hyposmotic to seawater? a. Mussel b. Sea urchin c. Hagfish d. Teleost Answer: d Textbook Reference: Animals in the Ocean Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 13. In freshwater teleosts, blood osmotic pressure is _______ mOsm _______ than the osmotic pressure of freshwater. a. 300; lower b. 300; higher c. 600; higher d. 600; lower Answer: b Textbook Reference: Animals in the Ocean Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 14. In fish, movement of sodium across the gills depends on a. permeability and concentration gradient. b. permeability, concentration gradient, and electrical gradient. c. concentration gradient and electrical gradient. d. permeability and electrical gradient. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Animals in the Ocean Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 15. NKCCs in the mitochondria-rich cells of marine teleost are located a. on the apical membrane. b. on the basolateral membrane. c. on the apical and basal membranes. d. in the cytoplasm and on the apical and basolateral membranes. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Animals in the Ocean Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. 16. In mitochondria-rich cells of marine teleosts, chloride moves by a. primary active transport, using ATP directly. b. secondary active transport, using ATP directly. c. secondary active transport, using ATP indirectly. d. simple diffusion—no need for ATP. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Animals in the Ocean Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 17. Species that are able to survive within a broad range of ambient salinity are called a. conformers. b. stenohaline. c. euryhaline. d. xeric. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Animals That Face Changes in Salinity Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 18. Animals that ascend rivers from the ocean to breed are a. anadromous. b. catadromus. c. stenohaline. d. osmoconformers. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Animals That Face Changes in Salinity Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 19. Which animal has the lowest weight-specific total rate of evaporative water loss? a. White-crowned sparrow b. Zebra finch c. Gambel’s quail d. Ostrich Answer: d Textbook Reference: Animals on Land: Fundamental Physiological Principles Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 20.–21. Refer to the figure below. © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. 20. What is this figure measuring? a. Total evaporative water loss b. Mass-specific metabolic rate c. Urine osmotic pressure d. Metabolic water production Answer: c Textbook Reference: Animals on Land: Fundamental Physiological Principles Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing 21. Where would you plot a goose on this figure? a. Far below the black line, at the average weight of a goose b. On the black line directly above the beaver c. Close to the Kirk’s dik-dik d. On the black line directly below Kirk’s dik-dik Answer: a Textbook Reference: Animals on Land: Fundamental Physiological Principles Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing 22. In an experiment in which additional aquaporins are inserted onto the pelvic patch membrane of a frog, what is most likely to occur? a. Water permeability will remain the same. b. Water permeability will decrease. © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. c. Water permeability will increase. d. Salt permeability will increase. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Animals on Land: Case Studies Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc.