Health Education Chapter 1 Notes PDF

HEALTH EDUCATION © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Defining Health...

HEALTH EDUCATION © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Defining Health Health is: A broad concept. Influenced by personal, behavioral, and environmental variables. Multi-dimensional (6 Domains). Physical. Mental/ intellectual. Emotional. Social. Spiritual. Vocational. © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 1-2 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Domains of Health 1 1. Physical health (physical/body). Physical characteristics, energy level, and other observable behaviors. 2. Mental/Intellectual health (thinking/mind). Reasoning processes, capacity for short- and long-term memory, and expressions of curiosity, humor, logic, and creativity. 3. Emotional health © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 1-3 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Domains of Health 2 4. Social health (friends/family). Social skills, interactions in different environments, and respect and acceptance for others. 5. Spiritual health (spiritual/soul). Comfort with ourselves, relationships with others, personal value systems, and a meaningful purpose in life. © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 1-4 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Domains of Health 3 6. Vocational health (work/school). Ability to collaborate, share responsibility, and positively impact the community while maintaining a high level of integrity. © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 1-5 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Determinants of Health The 1979 Healthy People document confirmed: Chronic diseases have replaced infectious diseases as the leading causes of death in the U.S. Heredity, environment, inadequate access to medical care, and lifestyle are the four major contributors to premature morbidity and mortality. 50% of premature illness and death was linked to lifestyle/personal 1-6 behavior choices © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Leading Causes of Death Among Americans 1900. 2022. Pneumonia. Heart disease Tuberculosis. Cancer Diarrhea/ Accidents enteritis. COVID-19 (moved to Heart disease. 10th in 2023) Liver disease. Stroke Injuries. Chronic lower Cancer. respiratory diseases Senility. Alzheimer’s disease Diphtheria. Diabetes © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Underlying Risk Behaviors (Actual Causes of Death) Risk behavior. Annual deaths. Tobacco. 435,000. Obesity. 365,000. Alcohol. 85,000. Infections. 75,000. Toxic agents.55,000. Motor vehicles. 43,000. Firearms. 29,000. Sexual behavior. 20,000. Drug use. 17,000. © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 1-8 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Priority Health Behaviors The CDC identified six priority health behaviors to guide educational programming: Tobacco use. Poor eating habits. Alcohol and other drug use. Behaviors resulting in intentional and unintentional injuries. Physical inactivity. Sexual behaviors resulting in HIV and other STI’s or unintended pregnancy. © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 1-9 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Determining of Health 1 Public health officials have identified five major sources of influence: Biology and genetics. Examples include: age, sex, and inherited conditions. Social factors. Physical conditions and other factors in the environment in which people are born, live, play, and work. Health services. Access to, and the quality of available 1- 10 health services. © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Determining of Health continued… 2 Public Policy. Local, state, and federal laws and policy initiatives have influenced the health of individuals and the population as a whole. Individual behavior. Positive changes in behaviors can reduce chronic diseases. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 11 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Healthy Youth, Healthy Americans Healthy People 2020 provides a structure to measure specified health outcomes. Objectives establish a foundation to help individuals and communities make and act on informed health decisions. Specific objectives focus on the health of children and youth. School communities can use these objectives as a guide to promote the health of youth. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 12 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Health in the Academic Environment 1 Educational institutions are in a unique position to improve health outcomes of youth. They have access to a critical mass. Friendships and norms are established. Educators are academically prepared to organize developmentally appropriate learning experiences to empower children. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 13 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Health in the Academic Environment continued… 2 Various reports and policies have been issued to promote and support child and adolescent health in schools. ©Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 14 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Health Education 2 The National Health Education Standards were developed for improving health education for all students. The standards provide a framework for developing a rigorous instructional scope and sequence and meaningful evaluation. More than 80% of schools follow national, state, or district health education standards. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 15 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  National Health Education Standards 1 Core concepts. Analyze influences. Access resources. Interpersonal communication. Decision-making skills. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 16 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  National Health Education Standards 2 Goal-setting skills. Practice health-enhancing behaviors. Advocate for health. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 17 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Key Health Instructional Topics 1 Mental and emotional health. Healthy eating. Physical activity. Safety. Personal health and wellness. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 18 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Key Health Instructional Topics 2 Violence prevention. Tobacco. Alcohol and other drugs. Sexual health. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 19 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Healthy Schools School districts must consistently enforce policies managing student behaviors in the CDC priority risk areas, which include: Bullying. Weapon carrying. Tobacco, alcohol, and other drug possession. And acting out. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 20 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  (1) The ASCD Whole Child The ASCD Whole Child approach is an effort to transition from a focus on narrowly defined academic achievement to one that promotes the long-term development and success 1- 21 of all children. © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  ASCD stands for: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development  Statement calls on teachers, schools, and communities to collaborate to ensure: Students enter school healthy and learn about and practice a healthy lifestyle.  (2) Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) 1 The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child, or WSCC model, is CDC’s framework. It addresses health in 1- 24 schools. © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  The WSCC model has 10 components: Physical education and physical activity. Nutrition environment and services. Health education. Social and emotional school climate. Physical environment. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 25 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Components continued… Health services. Counseling, psychological and social services. Employee wellness. Community involvement. Family engagement. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 26 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  (3) HECAT stands for… The Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool And… HECAT was developed by The CDC. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 27 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  HECAT Is an assessment tool to help school districts, schools, and others conduct a clear, complete, and consistent analysis of health education curricula based on the National Health Education Standards and CDC’s Characteristics of an 1- 28 Effective Health Education © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  (4) School Health Services 1 can help all students with preventive care such as flu shots and vision and hearing screening, as well as acute and emergency care. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 29 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Qualified professionals include: school nurses, nurse practitioners, dentists, health educators, physicians, physician assistants, and allied health personnel (can provide these 1- services for students) © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 30 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  School Health Services 2 For students with chronic health conditions, school nurses and other health care providers play a large role in the daily management of their conditions. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 31 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  School Health Services School health services staff also are responsible for coordinating care by communicating with the student’s family and health care providers so that they can stay healthy and ready to learn. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 32 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  (5) Healthy School Environment/Communities: are settings in which students, staff, parents, and community members work collaboratively to ensure that each student is emotionally and physically healthy, safe, engaged, supported, and challenged. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 33 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Healthy School Environment/Communities: They are also, settings in which the school and community engage each other to effectively support the school improvement process. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 34 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Healthy School Environment/Communitie s: are an outgrowth of work ASCD began in 1998. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 35 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  (6) Nutrition Environment and Services 1 The school nutrition environment and services are part of the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model and can help shape lifelong healthy eating behaviors. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 36 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Nutrition Environment and Services 2 CDC recommends that schools implement policies and practices to create a nutrition environment that supports students in making healthy choices. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 37 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Nutrition Environment and Services 3 The National School Lunch program began in 1946 in response to the inadequate nutrition of many students. Students who participate have better school attendance, class participation, and achievement. 1- 38 More than 90% of students eat © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  National School Lunch Program ©David Buffington/Getty Images Adequate nutrition is critical for the physical and emotional well- being and children as well as their academic success. School breakfast and lunch programs are a key source of nutrition for 1- ©many students. 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 39 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Psychological (mental health), and Social Services 1 - are provided to assess and improve the mental, emotional, and social health of every student 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 40 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Psychological (mental health), and Social Services 2 - are also provided in an effort to enhance and promote academic, personal, and social growth. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 41 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Psychological (mental health), and Social Services 3 Qualified professionals include: school and community counselors, school and community psychologists, school health nurses, social workers, and qualified staff from community agencies 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 42 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  (8) Employee Wellness 2 Chronic diseases and related lifestyle risk factors are the leading drivers of health care costs for employers. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 43 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Employee Wellness CDC is at the forefront of the nation’s efforts to improve the lives of workers and lower costs for employers by helping employers build effective, science-based workplace 1- health programs. © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 44 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Employee Wellness Workplace programs that promote and protect health, reduce safety risks, and help prevent disease could reach more than 157 million US workers. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 45 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Employee Wellness 3 Health promotion programs for faculty and staff have been shown to: Decrease absenteeism. Lower health care and insurance costs. Increase employee retention. Improve morale. Reduce the number of work-related injuries. Increase productivity. Increase motivation to practice healthy behaviors. Provide healthy role models for students. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 46 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  (9) Family Engagement and Community Involvement 1 Student learning is a ​- shared responsibility. - Parents/families can become learning partners with their districts, schools, and learning centers by becoming 1- actively © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 47 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Family Engagement and Community Involvement 3 Most activities related to family and community involvement in school health programs are based at the local level, not the state level. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 48 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Family Engagement and Community Involvement Legal rights of parents to participate in their children's education: Chapter 864, Statutes of 1998 Education Code sections 51100-51102 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 49 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. End Of Chapter 1 Notes  Physical Education and Physical Activity 1 The 1996 Surgeon General’s report on physical activity confirmed the benefits of regular physical activity, which include a reduced risk for: Premature death. Heart disease. Diabetes. Colon cancer. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 51 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Physical Education and Physical Activity 2 High blood pressure. Depression. Anxiety. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 52 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Physical Education and Physical Activity 3 Benefits associated with participating in physical activity: Improved test scores in math, reading, and writing. The amount of time allotted for physical education/activity varies significantly among schools and is critical to a comprehensive program. 1- © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 53 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Physical Education and Physical Activity 4 Strategies schools can take to help children be more active: Create policies that increase access to and encourage physical activity for all students. Maintain strong physical education programs that engage students in moderate to vigorous activity at least 50% of their class time. Integrate physical activity into classroom practice to students can be 1- 54 active across the school day. © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Physical Education and Physical Activity 5 ©amana images inc./Alamy Stock Photo Daily physical activity for children—during physical education class and recess—enhances academic performance and sets the stage for 1- © 2020 lifelong healthy McGraw-Hill Education. activity All rights reserved. Authorized habits. only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or 55 further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.