Healthy People 2020 (PDF)

HEALTHY PEOPLE DR YUMNA ILYAS Assistant professor JMDC/Sohail University  CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH ICF MODEL PRINCIPLES HEALTH EDUCATION RESOURCES ROLL OF A PHYSICAL THERAPIST FOR HEALTHY COMMUNITY DISPARITIES IN...

HEALTHY PEOPLE DR YUMNA ILYAS Assistant professor JMDC/Sohail University  CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH ICF MODEL PRINCIPLES HEALTH EDUCATION RESOURCES ROLL OF A PHYSICAL THERAPIST FOR HEALTHY COMMUNITY DISPARITIES IN LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & ADDRESSING HEALTH CARE RISK FACTORS HEALTH EDUCATION RESOURCES Healthy People 2020  HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 Healthy People 2020 is a federal health promotion & disease prevention agenda developed to improve human health, set by the United States Department of Health & Human Services. It’s a framework that encourages health care providers to look beyond the individual for factors affecting a person’s health, including physical, environmental & personal factors Healthy People identifies public health priorities to help individuals, organizations, and communities across the country improve health and well-being. The Healthy People initiative is designed to guide national health promotion and disease prevention efforts to improve the health of the nation and attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death VISION: “A SOCIETY IN WHICH ALL PEOPLE LIVE LONG & HEALTHY LIVES.” GOALS:  IDENTIFY NATIONWIDE HEALTH IMPROVEMENT PRIORITIES.  INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS & UNDERSTANDING OF THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, DISEASE & DISABILITY & THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROGRESS.  CREATE SOCIAL & PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS THAT PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH FOR ALL.  ACHIEVE HEALTH EQUITY & ELIMINATE DISPARITIES.  PROMOTE THE QOL, HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT & HEALTHY BEHAVIOUR.   plants, weather, or climate change Determinants of Health buildings or transportation Availability of resources - Worksites, schools, & educational & job opportunities, living recreational settings wages, or healthful foods Housing, homes, & Physical Health protection against Environme neighborhoods crimes, & diseases nt Exposure to toxic Exposure to mass substances & other physical media & emerging hazards technologies - Internet or Physical barriers, especially cell phones Social Age & for people Biology & with disabilities Equality amongst Environme Gender social classes & genders Genetics nt Morbidity – Transportation Residential segregation HIV, Anemia. Hemophilia, CF, Cancers, Lack of CVDs etc availability Diet High cost Health Individual Services Behavior Physical activity Lack of Alcohol, insurance cigarette, & coverage Language & other drug use Hygiene cultural barriers Partiality International Classification of Functioning, Health & Disability (ICF Model) The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a framework for describing and organizing information on functioning and disability. It provides a standard language and a conceptual basis for the definition and measurement of health and disability. It’s intended to provide a standard language used by all health professionals for documentation and communication. It was designed to place less emphasis on disease and greater emphasis on how people affected by health conditions live. Principles: 1. Universality - should be applicable to all people irrespective of health condition and in all physical, social and cultural contexts. The ICF achieves this and acknowledges 2. Parity and etiological neutrality - disability is not differentiated by etiology (whether mental or physical). It shifts the focus from health condition to functioning. 3. Neutrality - Domain definitions are worded in neutral language, wherever possible, so that the classification can be used to record both the positive and negative aspects of functioning and disability. 4. Environmental Influence - role of environment in people’s functioning. These factors range from physical factors (such as climate, terrain or building design) to social factors (such as attitudes, institutions, and laws  ICF MODEL I: Functioning II: Contextual & Disability Factors Body Functions Activities Environmental Personal & Structures & Participation Factors Factors Disability vs Handicap Disability is the inability or impairment of one’s ability to function or to perform his/her routine actions. Handicap means the difficulty experienced by a person in performing his/her tasks.  LEADING HEALTH INDICATORS are factors that provide information about the health & well-being of a population. LHIs identified for the next decade are:  ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES COMPLETE ACCESS TO COMPREHENSIVE, QUALITY HEALTH CARE SERVICES SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO EVERY INDIVIDUAL IN ORDER TO PROMOTE & MAINTAIN HEALTH, PREVENT & MANAGE DISEASES, REDUCE RATIO OF DISABILITIES & PREMATURE DEATHS, & ACHIEVE HEALTH EQUITY FOR ALL.  CLINICAL PREVENTION SERVICES ROUTINE SCREENINGS & SCHEDULED  Environmental Quality Safe air, l& & water are fundamental to a healthy community environment – an environment free of hazards, such as smoke, CO, allergens, lead & toxic chemicals etc.  Injury & Violence Injuries such as RTAs, homicide, domestic & school violence, child abuse & neglect, suicide &  Nutrition, Physical Activity & Obesity unintentional drug overdose. In absence of a healthy lifestyle, the individual is most likely to be exposed to conditions like CADs, Stroke, Type II Diabetes, OA etc  Maternal, Infant & Child Health The health of mothers & their offspring is critical for the future of our nation. Maternal issues include tobacco use before & during pregnancy, prenatal care, pregnancy complications, & postpartum depression. Infant issues include preterm birth, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), & risks for infant mortality, such as birth defects, infections, prematurity & maternal complications during the birth process.  Mental Health Mental disorders are among the most common causes of morbidity & disability. The goal is to improve mental health through prevention & by ensuring access to appropriate, quality mental health services.  Oral Health: Poor dental & oral health can lead to periodontal/gum disease which has been associated with several chronic diseases. Oral health is essential for speaking, smiling, smelling, tasing,  Reproductive & Sexual Health: It encompasses STDs, HIV, reproductive health problems, & infertility, fetal & perinatal health problems & cancer.  Social Determinants: These are personal, social, economic & environmental factors that contribute to individual & population health. They align with the environmental & personal factors in the ICF Model, including education, employment, homes & neighborhood environments & access to preventive services.  Substance Abuse: Refers to the use if mind & behavior-altering substances. The effects of substance abuse are cumulative, significantly contributing to costly social, physical, mental, & public health problems. It contributes to Cardiovascular conditions, pregnancy complications, teenage pregnancies, STDs, domestic violence, child abuse, RTAs, homicide & suicide.  Tobacco: It’s the single most preventable cause of disease, disability & death – more deaths are caused each year by tobacco use than HIV, illegal drug use, alcohol abuse, RTAs, suicides & murders combined. FACTORS  HEALTH  ACCESS TO CONDITIONS ACCIDENTS, QUALITY HEALTH  CHRONIC KIDNEY DESTRUCTIVE INFORMATION & HABITS, & DISEASES SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL  SLEEP HEALTH  ELIMINATE POLLUTION  SUBSTANCE HEALTH  ORAL HEALTH DISPARITIES ABUSE  HIV  ARTHRITIS  TOBACCO USE  REDUCE STEROID  OSTEOPOROSIS  VISION & USE, ESPECIALLY HEARING YOUNG ADULTS  BLOOD  REDUCE ACTIVITY  DISORDERS & STDS SAFETY LIMITATIONS,  RESPIRATORY ESPECIALLY OLDER  IMPROVE THE DISEASES ADULTS QUALITY OF LIFE  HEART DISEASES  PHYSICAL  CANCER ACTIVITIES  INCREASE  DISPARITIES IN LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & ADDRESSING HEALTH CARE RISK FACTORS PEOPLE WITH DISPARITIES & CERTAIN HEALTH CONDITIONS ARE LESS LIKELY TO ENGAGE IN MODERATE OR VIGOROUS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY THAN ARE PEOPLE WITHOUT DISABILITIES. HEALTH PROMOTION EFFORTS NEED TO IDENTIFY BARRIERS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FACED BY PARTICULAR POPULATION GROUPS & PROVIDE INTERVENTION THAT ADDRESS THESE BARRIERS.  EXCESSIVE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS, SUCH AS HIGH BP, DIABETES, OBESITY, PHYSICAL INACTIVITY & PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS.  CULTURAL FACTORS AFFECTING AN INDIVIDUAL’S DESIRE TO SEEK HEALTH CARE.  ECONOMIC FACTORS LIMITING HEALTH CARE ACCESS.  GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO THESE PATHOLOGIES.  PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, RACISM ETC. Health Education Resources Protecti Good on against nutritio preventa n Parents Of ble injuries Young Ergonomics Effectiv Children (wearing & e backpacks & sitting at disciplin the e Children computer etc Safety Aged Fitness when Reducing Between 8- activiti swimmi childhoo 12 Years es ng/othe d obesity r sports  Safet Good y nutritio n issue s Fitness Adolescenc activiti e (15-17 es years) Home/ Workplac Posture e analysis Ergonom ics  Preventi Good on of nutrition osteopor osis Pregnan cy (ways Fitness Young & to Trainin reduce Middle- Aged g back Adults pain) Screenin Workpla g of Heart ce Diseases/ ergonom Metabolic ics Diseases  Red Reduce Flags risk of for falls Depress ion Ergono Older mics for Medicati home/w ons Adults orkplace Stress Proper Manage ment/Sc Nutritio reening n for Stress Task: Monica, a 53-year-old nurse, who has been facing difficulties in performing her standing ADLs for the last decade due to severe bilateral knee pain, was told to quit driving to work (due to long traveling distance from her home to workplace) 3 years ago by her doctor after she was diagnosed with stage IV Osteoarthritis. Recently, she’s been upset about not being able to fly to the UK to attend her nephew’s wedding. Draw an ICF model for her. Thank You