Pharmacy Orientation PDF

Pharmacy Orientation  Pharmacy Pharmacy - derived from Greek word “Pharmakon” Means medicine or drug. Establishment and place where drugs or medicines are solved. The profession of the art, science and economics of discovery and preparation from natura...

Pharmacy Orientation  Pharmacy Pharmacy - derived from Greek word “Pharmakon” Means medicine or drug. Establishment and place where drugs or medicines are solved. The profession of the art, science and economics of discovery and preparation from natural and synthetic sources, drugs and non-drug materials needed for the prevention, management and treatment of diseases in man and animals  Pharmacist are licensed healthcare professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use. a person who is professionally qualified to prepare and dispense medicinal drugs.  Community pharmacy Nuclear pharmacy Hospital pharmacy Geriatric pharmacy Clinical pharmacy Personal pharmacy Industrial pharmacy Nutritional support pharmacy Compounding pharmacy Hospice pharmacy Consulting pharmacy Pediatric pharmacy Regulatory pharmacy Poison control pharmacy Home care pharmacy Oncology pharmacy  Community Pharmacy A retail pharmacy practice that services prescriptions directly to the public. More technicians and pharmacists are employed in community pharmacies than any other area.  Types of Pharmacies Independent Pharmacies Owned by the pharmacist or groups of pharmacists. A pharmacist owner makes his or her own decisions regarding the practice of pharmacy. Most compounding of prescriptions is done in this type of pharmacy. Chain Pharmacy A community pharmacy consisting of several similar pharmacies in the region (or nation) that are corporately owned. Examples: Rite-Aid, Walgreens Located to allow for large-volume dispensing utilizing pharmacy technicians and automation. Administrative decisions are made at the corporate Mass Merchandiser Pharmacies A regional & national community pharmacy that sells mass merchandise with in-store pharmacies. Examples: Costco, KMart, Target, Walmart The main activities of community pharmacists are described below. Processing of prescriptions Care of patients or clinical pharmacy Monitoring of drug utilization Extemporaneous preparation and small-scale manufacture of medicines Traditional and alternative medicines Responding to symptoms of minor ailments Informing health care professionals and the public Health promotion Domiciliary services  Hospital Pharmacy A hospital pharmacy is the place where the management of medications occurs in a hospital, medical clinic or nursing home. A hospital pharmacist often works in close collaboration with other health professionals to ensure that the medication regimen for each patient is optimized to achieve the best outcomes. Hospital pharmacists may be inpatient or outpatient pharmacists, and may also specialize in one or other area of pharmacotherapy.  the hospital or institutional pharmacist: has more opportunity to interact closely with the prescriber and, therefore, to promote the rational prescribing and use of drugs; in larger hospital and institutional pharmacies, is usually one of several pharmacists, and thus has a greater opportunity to interact with others, to specialize and to gain greater expertise; having access to medical records, is in a position to influence the selection of drugs and dosage regimens, to monitor patient compliance and therapeutic response to drugs, and to recognize and report adverse drug reactions; can more easily than the community pharmacist assess and monitor patterns of drug usage and thus recommend changes where necessary;  serves as a member of policy-making committees, including those concerned with drug selection, the use of antibiotics, and hospital infections (Drug and Therapeutics Committee) and thereby influences the preparation and composition of an essential-drug list or formulary; is in a better position to educate other health professionals about the rational use of drugs; more easily participates in studies to determine the beneficial or adverse effects of drugs, and is involved in the analysis of drugs in body fluids; can control hospital manufacture and procurement of drugs to ensure the supply of high-quality products; takes part in the planning and implementation of clinical trials.  Industrial Pharmacy The industrial pharmacy involves the pharmaceutical industry and includes the research, production, packaging, quality control, marketing and sales of pharmaceutical goods. An industrial pharmacist may work as a representative for a particular pharmaceutical company to advocate for the use of its products, as well as to inform practitioners about their actions and benefits. Research and development Pharmacists contribute to research, and their expertise in formulation development is of particular relevance to the biological availability of active ingredients. Manufacture and quality assurance The pharmacist’s broad knowledge of the pharmaceutical sciences ensures an integrated approach to quality assurance (including good manufacturing practice) through the validation of the various stages of production and the testing of products before release.  Drug information The pharmacist has the knowledge and expertise to provide detailed information on medicines to members of the health professions and the public. Also, pharmacists provide an information service within the company. Patent applications and drug registration The pharmacist is ideally qualified to understand and collate the diverse information required for patent and authorization submissions. Clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance The pharmacist has the knowledge of drugs and health care provision required to facilitate collaboration between companies, health professionals and governments in relation to clinical trials and surveillance.  Sales and marketing The pharmacist, whose professional ethics demand a concern for the interest of patients, can make a contribution to proper marketing practices related to health care and to the provision of appropriate information to health professionals and the public. Management The inclusion of pharmacists in all levels of management promotes an ethical approach within management policies. Thank You