Biological Transitions Chapter 1 PDF

Biological Transitions Chapter 1 1   How do you understand this quote? “A  Physical and sexual maturation youngster is affect the way in which his body adolescents view themselves and his...

Biological Transitions Chapter 1 1   How do you understand this quote? “A  Physical and sexual maturation youngster is affect the way in which his body adolescents view themselves and his AND the way in which others body is he” respond to and treat them. (McCandless, 1970) (Graber, et al., 2010)  How so? What do you think? * 2   Defined:  Manifestations Pubertal  Rapid acceleration in growth Developme  Changes in body composition nt  Changes in circulatory and Respiratory Systems Primary Manifestations  Development of Primary Sex Characteristics  Development of Secondary Sex Characteristics 3 From: Boyhood (2014) 4   When does puberty begin? (^)  At conception Pubertal Onset  Gradual Process  No new hormones  No new body systems 5   Endocrine System (see next slide)  Glands Endocrine  Hormones System:  Chemical substances  Receptivity of cells Terminology  Effects = Immediate OR Gradual  Activate other hormones 6 Major Glands of the Endocrine System 7   Hypothalamus  Brain  Pituitary Gland (The Master Gland) Endocrine  Sends hormones to prompt System other glands  Gonads  Ovaries (female)  Testes (male)  Note: both sexes produce androgens and estrogens 8 The HPG Axis 9   Role of the Brain  The Set Point  Adrenarche  Production of Cortisol Changes at  Brain Changes via Adrenal Puberty Gland  Stress Response in Teens  Consequence for teens  Heightened Vulnerability 10   For some reason, the Hypothalamus becomes less sensitive  Physical Maturity?: Triggers of  Weight (that is % of body fat) Puberty 11   Kisspetin  Neurohormone Chemical On-  Leptin Switch(es)?  Produced by fat cells  Melatonin 12   Organizing Role  Determines whether organism develops as male or female  Activating Role Role of  Delayed role Hormones  When hormone activates response  E.g. Secondary Sex Characteristics  Puberty  Boys – “T” levels rise 20Xs greater  Girls – Estradiol increase 8Xs, “T” doubles 13   The Hormones  Growth Hormones, thyroid Somatic hormones & androgens Developme  Adolescent Growth Spurt nt  To Compare: Childhood = 1 – 2 inches per year Changes in Stature  Peak Height Velocity  Boys: 4.1 inches/year  Girls: 3.5 inches/year  Epiphysis 14 Somatic Developme nt Changes in Stature 15   Timing of the Growth Spurt  Girls tend to be 2 years earlier than boys Somatic Developme nt Changes in Stature 16   Timing of the Growth Spurt  But boys become taller, ultimately 5 feet Somatic (60 inches) Developme Childhoo d: +1- +1- 5’10 nt 1–2 in/year 2” 2” Pubertal ” Boys Development: + 6 in Changes in Stature Pubertal Girls Development: + 4 in 5’4 ” Age Age Age 11 Age 13 Age 15 17 12 14 Somatic Developme nt Changes in Stature 18   Growth Asynchrony  1) Extremities  2) Arms, legs Somatic  3) Torso & shoulders Developme  Gender Differences – Muscle : Fat nt  Boys: 3:1  Girls: 5:4 Changes in Stature  Risk of body dissatisfaction  Ethnic Differences  Gender Differences: Organs  Heart, lungs  Boys > Girls 19   The Tanner Stages (pp. 22 – 23)  Describes 5 stages of secondary sex characteristics for boys and girls Sexual Maturation 20  Boys: Girls: Sexual Maturation: Tanner Stages 21   Timing = age of onset  No average age of onset or length of duration (more of an average range)  5 (earliest) – 13 years in girls  6 (earliest) – 13 years in boys Sexual  Tempo Maturation  1.5 years – 6 years in girls  2 – 5 years in boys Timing and Tempo  No association between Time & Tempo  Ethnic differences regarding age of onset  African Am. < Mexican Am. < European Am.