Introduction to the Psychology of Adolescents PDF

INTRODUCTION TO THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ADOLESCENTS Psy 3220 Dr. Mary Lewis Moodle & The Syllabus Moodle – – https://moodle.oakland.edu/course/view.php?id=302799 – Office Hours: Tuesdays, 3 – 4:30 p.m. – Course Q & A – Participant Lounge Moodle Block: Writing Assignments and...

INTRODUCTION TO THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ADOLESCENTS Psy 3220 Dr. Mary Lewis Moodle & The Syllabus Moodle – – https://moodle.oakland.edu/course/view.php?id=302799 – Office Hours: Tuesdays, 3 – 4:30 p.m. – Course Q & A – Participant Lounge Moodle Block: Writing Assignments and Important Class Support Material – https://moodle.oakland.edu/course/section.php?id=3190050 The Syllabus – (Part 1) https://moodle.oakland.edu/mod/url/view.php?id=7376535 – (Part 2) https://moodle.oakland.edu/mod/url/view.php? id=7376536 Adolescence How many words do we have for the period between 11 – 25? – Examples: Adolescents, Teenagers Teens Tweeners Emerging Adults Youth Others? Questions: – What best characterizes the period? Transitions!!!  The Boundaries of Adolescence What Defines the boundaries? Start? End? Biological/Physiological Chronological Age Legal Social Psychological Cognitive Defining Adulthood How do you know when you are an adult? – Criteria = ??? – Examples Hmmm…. Definition: – Completion of physical, emotional, and social development – Cultural symbols of ROLE definition and assignment How might it be best to think of adolescence? – A: Series of overlapping transitions Divisions of Adolescence – Issues of emerging adulthood and elongation of the adolescent period Why? Perceptions of Adolescence Emerging Adulthood (Arnett, 2000) Time Frame – 18 – 25 years of age Defined by: – Identity Explorations – Instability – Self-Focus – Feeling of “in-between-ness” – Age if Possibilities Limitations of Theory? – Culturally applicable? – Socioeconomically applicable? History of the Period of Adolescence: Is it real or a social construction? Ancient Philosophers – Plato Phases of Childhood – Infancy = 0 – 7 (desire) – Boyhood = 7 – 14 (spirit) – Young manhood = 14 – 21 (reason) Capable of reason and rational choices – Aristotle Self-determination Egocentrism Importance of “natural consequences” Early Christian era through Middle Ages – St. Augustine – Children’s Crusade Enlightenment Period (1500 – the 1890s) – Life Cycle Service Starting in the 1890s – G. Stanley Hall – coined the term and wrote in his seminal book (1904) – Why then?  Theories of Adolescence Figure I.1: Theories of adolescence range from the extremely biological, such as that of G. Stanley Hall, to the extremely environmental, such as that of Ruth Benedict. (See page 8) Theories explaining Adolescence: Biological/Biosocial Viewpoints Darwin G. Stanley Hall Recapitulation “Storm & Stress” Present day? Theories explaining Adolescence: Will discuss in more depth in Biological/Biosocial Viewpoints the next chapter Stresses Changes in anatomy and Dual Systems Theory functioning/activity of adolescent Brain Area of Brain Area 1 Area 2 Self- Mid- to Functioning & Activity/ Early Reward Control & Late- Period of Growth & Adolescen systems Advanced Adolescen Development t growth Thinking ce  Theories explaining Adolescence: Biological/Biosocial Viewpoints Genes/ Genetic Alleles Influence Heritability Will discuss in more depth in Shared- Experiences the next Behavior chapter Environment common Genetics al Influences with others Non-Shared Unique environment Experience al influences Theories explaining Adolescence: Biological/Biosocial Viewpoints Might also include study of the Endocrine System – Pubertal Maturation To be discussed in the next chapter Physical stature and Development – Although very interconnected with other systems Theories Explaining Adolescence: Organismic Theories Note the root word, “Organism” in Organismic – What does THAT mean? – Holistic view of development that takes into consideration biology (in particular) as well as contextual forces that modify and interact with one another – Base is the ORGANISM Organism as Active and Purposeful Interactionist – Role of Biology – Role of Environment Teleological Stage Theories So.... Who would be the Theorists? Organismic Stage Theorists Dr. Sigmund Dr. Erik Erikson Dr. Jean Piaget Freud Adolescence: Adolescence: Adolescence: Identity vs Role Formal Operational Genital Stage Confusion Thought Theories explaining Adolescence: Learning Theories Classical Operant Social Learning Conditioning Conditioning Theory UCS Consequences Observation UCR Reinforcemen Modeling CS t Role of Punishment Cognition CR Main Principles Main Principles How might these behavioral approaches be used to explain adolescent behavior? Theories explaining Adolescence: Sociological & Anthropological Sociological (Jessor) – Focus on Adolescents as a group of people in relation to society as a whole – Issue of “Coming of Age” – Issue of Marginalization – Issues of Generation Gaps Anthropological/Historical (Elder) – Recognition of growing up as an adolescent during a particular period of history or within a particular cultural or ethnic context Theories explaining Adolescence: Bioecological Models Bronfenbrenner (1979) Bronfenbrenner & Morris (2001)