Cellular Transport Biology 101.ppt

Cellular Transport  Objectives Describe interstitial fluid Define selective permeability Explain the mechanism of the following and state whether each is an active or passive process: diffusion, osmosis, filtration, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis...

Cellular Transport  Objectives Describe interstitial fluid Define selective permeability Explain the mechanism of the following and state whether each is an active or passive process: diffusion, osmosis, filtration, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis Differentiate between isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions Explain the effect on a living cell when it comes into contact with each solution Cell Membrane Barrier Selectively Permeable  Gradients Concentration gradient – Amount Electrical gradient – Ions Electrochemical gradient Transport Across the Plasma Membrane Active Transport Passive Transport Passive Transport Diffusion – Simple – Facilitated – Osmosis Simple Diffusion Diffusion – Simple Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nitrogen gases Fatty acids Steroids  Simple Diffusion Concentration Gradient (C2-C1) – Steepness determines rate of diffusion Temperature – Increases movement of molecules Mass of Substance Surface area Diffusion distance Simple Diffusion  Facilitated Diffusion Channel-Mediated Carrier-Mediated – Ion Channels – Carrier or transporter Integral Proteins Integral proteins For hydrophilic ions Glucose, fructose, Potassium, galactose Chloride, Sodium and Calcium Facilitated Diffusion Ion Channels Voltage-Gated Ligand-Gated Figure 22.9.c, d  Osmosis Diffusion – Movement of a solvent  Osmosis Isotonic – 0.9% NaCl – The concentration of solutes are the same on both sides Hypertonic – 2.0% NaCl – Has a higher concentration of solutes Hypotonic – 0.2% NaCl – Has a lower concentration of solutes 1 2 3 4 5 Which Beaker(s) contain(s) a solution that is hypertonic to the bag? 1 2 3 4 5 Arrange the beakers in order of the mass of the bags inside of the beakers 1 2 3 4 5 After the experiment has run for 30 minutes. List the bag that loses the most Mass first? Active Processes Requires ATP  ATP and ADP Adenosine Triphosphate – High Energy Covalent Bonds Release Energy when broken Adenosine Diphosphate Primary Active Processes Direct Expenditure of energy – Uses ATP Na+/K+ Pump – Pump Na+ out – Pump K+ in – Establishes electrical gradient Active Processes Active Transport – Uses ATP Vesicular Transport – Endocytosis Receptor mediated Phagocytosis Pinocytosis – Exocytosis Releases materials from the cell Neurotransmitters Secretory – Hormones – Mucus An Example of Passive and Active Transport A- A- A-