Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body PDF

C E L L S AND TISSUES OF THE P LANT B O D Y Instructor: Janine Aliza B. Birog, RPh Adapted from: Ms. Angelica B. Rin, MS Ph TISSUES – A group of cells that forms a structural and functional unit. TISSUE SYSTEM TISSUES CELL TYPES Ground Tissue System Parenchyma ti...

C E L L S AND TISSUES OF THE P LANT B O D Y Instructor: Janine Aliza B. Birog, RPh Adapted from: Ms. Angelica B. Rin, MS Ph TISSUES – A group of cells that forms a structural and functional unit. TISSUE SYSTEM TISSUES CELL TYPES Ground Tissue System Parenchyma tissue Parenchyma cells Collenchyma tissue Collenchyma cells Sclerenchyma tissue Sclerenchyma cells Vascular Tissue System Xylem Tracheids, vessel elements, parenchyma cells, fibers Phloem Sieve tube elements, companion cells, parenchyma cells, fibers Dermal Tissue System Epidermis Parenchyma cells, guard cells, trichome Periderm Cork cells, cork cambium cells, cork parenchyma GROUND TISSUE SYSTEM PARENCHYMA CELLS – A plant cell that is unspecialized, is thin walled, may contain chlorophyll, and typically loosely packed. – Functions: photosynthesis, storage and secretion COLLENCHYMA CELLS – A living plant cell with moderately but unevenly thickened primary walls. – Function: Provide support in soft, non woody plant organs SCLERENCHYMA CELLS – A plant cell with extremely thick walls that provides strength and support to the plant body – 2 TYPES: 1. Sclereids – shells of nuts; stones of fruits; pears 2. Fibers – wood; inner bark and leaf ribs VASCULAR TISSUE SYSTEM XYLEM – Conducts water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant body. – Tracheids and vessel elements – conducts water and minerals – parenchyma cells – storage functions – Fibers – provide support PHLOEM – Conducts food throughout the plant body – Sieve tube elements, companion cells, parenchyma cells, fibers Sieve tube elements – long, thin cells stacked end on end to form sieve tubes Sieve plates – Cell’s end walls; series of holes through which cytoplasm extends from one sieve tube element into the next Companion cells – adjacent to sieve tube elements; assists functions of STE DERMAL TISSUE EPIDERMIS – Outermost tissue layer, usually one cell thick, that covers the primary plant body. – Cuticle – secreted on stem and leaves to restrict loss of water – Stomata – facilitate diffusion of CO2 PERIDERM – Outermost layer of cells covering a woody stem or root – Cork cells – dead at maturity; coated with suberin – Cork parenchyma (phelloderm) – for storage APICAL MERISTEM - Area of cell division at the tip of stem or root in plants; produces primary tissues LATERAL MERISTEM – Area of cell division on the side of the vascular plant; vascular cambium and cork cambium give rise to secondary tissues.