General Biology 1 - First Quarter - PDF

BIOLOGY I MR. JASON E. DUQUE, LPT, MAEd  SUBJECT DESCRIPTION This specialized subject is designed to enhance the understanding of the principles and concepts in the study of biology, particularly life processes at the cellular and molecular levels. It also covers the transformatio...

BIOLOGY I MR. JASON E. DUQUE, LPT, MAEd  SUBJECT DESCRIPTION This specialized subject is designed to enhance the understanding of the principles and concepts in the study of biology, particularly life processes at the cellular and molecular levels. It also covers the transformation of energy in organisms. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  PERFORMANCE STANDARD 1. Construct a 3D model of a plant or animal cell using recyclable materials. 2. Construct a cell membrane model from indigenous or recyclable materials. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  CELL & ITS HISTORY CELL THEORY CELL ORGANELLES Quarter 1 PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS CELL DIVISION MITOSIS & MEIOSIS OVERVIEW MUTATION CELL MEMBRANE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS REDOX REACTIONS G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  GRADING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE QUARTER WRITTEN WORKS TASK ASSESSMENT 25% 45% 30% SPECIALIZED SUBJECT G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  THE CELL MELC: Explain the postulates of the cell theory and the modern cell theory. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER ACTIVITY  INTRODUCTION Biology is the science of LIFE. It studies: WHAT??? 1. The origins & history of life 2. Living things & their structure 3. How each structure functions 4. How living things interact 5. Microscopic organisms 6. Classification of organisms ARISTOTLE is the Father of Biology G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  INTRODUCTION Question: What do Biologist do? Study the diversity of life Research diseases & cure Develop technologies Improve agriculture Preserve the environment Question: What is the basic unit of life? G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  THE CELL The human body is composed of trillions of cells. Functions: Provide structure of the body. Absorbs nutrients & converts it to energy. Carries genetic material. Robert Hooke first discovered cells in 1665 G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  CELL’S HISTORY The microscope gave rise to the cell discovery. Hooke observed a cork. Why is cell called CELL? It looked like a small room where monks live. However, Hooke did not see any nucleus or organelles. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek: First man to witness a live cell. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER CELL HISTORY CONTRIBUTORS G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  CELL DISCOVERY TIMELINE 1590 Zacharias Janssen, a Dutch eyeglass maker, invented the very first ______________. MICROSCOPE CLUE: It is an instrument used to magnify small objects. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  CELL DISCOVERY TIMELINE 1665 While looking at a piece of cork under the microscope, Robert Hooke saw box shaped structures that he called ____________ Cell CLUE: It is the basic structure and function of all living things. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  CELL DISCOVERY TIMELINE __________, while looking at pond water 1674 under the microscope, observed what he called animalcules. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek CLUE: He is known as the Father of Microbiology. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  CELL DISCOVERY TIMELINE 1838 Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, stated that _________ are made up of cells. plants CLUE: What do botanists’ study? G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER 1839 Theodor Schwann, a German physiologist, concluded that ______ are also made up of cells. animals CLUE: Examples of this includes mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and insects. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  CELL DISCOVERY TIMELINE 1855 Rudolf Virchow stated that cells come from pre-existing cells through _______. cell division CLUE: It is the process by which a parent cell divide into two or more daughter cells. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  CELL’S HISTORY The creation of CELL THEORY. Schwann & Schleiden. They both study plant and animal cells. Found out that plant and animal cells are similar. This led to the formulation of the 3 cell theories. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  CELL THEORY (OLD) 1. The cell is the unit of structure, physiology, and organization in living things. 2. The cell is the building block in the construction of every organisms. 3. Cells form by spontaneous generation. Rudolf Virchow’s revision: 3. Cell arise from pre-existing cells. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  Exploring the MODERN CELL THEORY THEORY 1 THEORY 2 THEORY 3 All known The cell is All cells living things structural & come from are made functional unit pre-existing up of cells. of all living cells by things. division.  Exploring the MODERN CELL THEORY THEORY 4 THEORY 5 THEORY 6 Cells All cells are All energy contains basically the flow of life hereditary same in occurs within information. chemical the cell. composition.  RECITATION! Elaborate each of the postulates of the modern cell theory and justify whether it is true or not. YOUR TURN! G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  MODERN CELL THEORY THEORY 1 THEORY 2 THEORY 3 All known The cell is All cells living things structural & come from are made functional unit pre-existing up of cells. of all living cells by things. division. THEORY 4 THEORY 5 THEORY 6 Cells All cells are All energy contains basically the flow of life hereditary same in occurs within information. chemical the cell. composition.  VALUING ACTIVITY – WHIP AROUND By tossing a ball and passing it around, the class will quickly share one thing they learned in the lesson as the ball falls into their hands. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  TYPE OF CELLS MELC: Distinguish the two types of cell according to their distinguishing features. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER What do you think are the two types of cells? Starts with P & E G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  PROKARYOTES Features: DNA is free floating Lacks Nucleus Organelles Lack Membranes Unicellular Bacteria & Archaea Smaller and simple Reproduction is asexual G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  EUKARYOTES Features: Has Nucleus DNA is in the Nucleus Organelles have Membranes Unicellular or multicellular Plants, Animals, & Fungi Much Larger and complex Reproduces Asexual or Sexual G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  QUICK ASSESSMENT! IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING FEATURES WHETER IT IS PROKARYOTES OR EUKARYOTES. WRITE “P” IF IT PROKARYOTE AND “E” IF IT IS EUKARYOTES. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER UNICELLULAR P G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER NO TRUE NUCLEUS P G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER MULTIPLE CELLS E G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  SMALLEST P G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER CELLS OF PLANTS E G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER GENETIC VARIATION E G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER LONGER LIFE SPAN E G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER MEMBRANE-BOUND E G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER BACTERIA P G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  CELL OF ANIMALS E G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  CLONE P G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  THINK-PAIR- SHARE ACTIVITY DIRECTIONS: Identify whether the statements from #1-3 are YES or NO. Then explain and justify your reason using the six postulates of the modern cell theory. On the other hand, answer the #4 and #5 questions comprehensively. 1. Are non-living things also made up of cells? 2. Is it possible for a rock to become an organism? YES OR NO 3. Without cell, do you think life would cease to exist? 4. Why do you think each individual is unique on their own? What is the relationship of cell to it? 5. What are the distinguishing features of prokaryote and eukaryotes that makes them similar from each other? REA L LY G REAT SIT E | CREAT IV E P O RT FO L IO  PLANT & ANIMAL CELL MELC: Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  Animal Cell STRUCTURE & ORGANELLES What is organelle?  CELL MEMBRANE Outer boundary of the cell. Regulates passage of materials in and out. Protection & support. It serves as barriers and gate keepers CEL L M EM B R A NE G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER NUCLEUS NUCL EUS Contains the DNA of animals. It sends signals to the cells to grow, mature, divide and die Control center of the cell. G G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER G G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER NUCLEUS Parts of the Nucleus: Nuclear Envelope- highly regulated membrane Nucleolus- Contains RNA; site of ribosome creation. Chromosomes- Contains the genetic information. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER CYTOPLASM Watery, jelly-like area of the cell Surrounds and protects the organelles. Fills mostly the interior of the cell CYTO P L AS M G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER MITOCHONDRIA The powerhouse of a cell. Rod-shape organelle. It provides energy in the form of ATP. M I TO CHOND RIA G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER RIBOSOMES Composed of RNA. Where proteins are made. Smallest of organelles. Attached to membranes and free in cytoplasm. Attached to RER. R I B O SOM ES G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Transports materials within the cell. SMOOTH- Storage of special enzymes. ROUGH- Involved in protein synthesis; has ribosomes. END O P L AS MIC R ETI CULUM G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  GOLGI APPARATUS Manufacturing, storing, packing, and transporting particles throughout the cell. The Golgi apparatus also makes lysosomes GO LGI A P PA R ATUS G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER VACUOLE Stores food or variety of nutrients that a cell might need to survive. It stores and throws waste products. VACUO LE G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER LYSOSOME Digesting certain materials in the cell. Removes the junk/waste of the cell. Also called as Suicidal bags/sac. LYS O S OME G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER CENTRIOLES Plays a major role in cell division. It releases microtubules, a long, stiff fiber. They help determine the locations of the nucleus and other organelles within the cell. CENTR I O LES G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER Let’s Apply what you learned! FUNCTION ORGANELLE The city will need power. MITOCHONDRIA The city generates waste. LYSOSOMES The city requires raw materials to process into food, clothing, GOLGI APPARATUS and housing materials G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER Let’s Apply what you learned! FUNCTIONS/ALIAS ORGANELLE Brain of the cell. NUCLEUS Subway system/network ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Security Guard CELL MEMBRANE Protein Factory RIBOSOMES G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER Let’s Apply what you learned! FUNCTIONS/ALIAS ORGANELLE Cafeteria/Canteen VACUOLE G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER CHLOROPLAST Round, oval, or disk- shaped body Stores the chlorophyll. The reason why plants are green. Aids in photosynthesis. CH LO R O PL AST G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER CELL WALL Protects and provide structural support to the cell. Located outside the cell membrane CEL L WA L L G G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  CELL MEMBRANE Semi-permeable membrane Regulating the entry and exit of specific substances within the cell. CELL MEMBRANE G G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  NUCL EUS NUCLEUS Control center of the cell. Contains the DNA of plant. G G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER CYTOPLASM Jelly-like area of the cell Surrounds and protects the organelles. Fills mostly the interior of the cell. CYTO P L AS M G G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER MITOCHONDRIA The powerhouse of a cell Rod-shape organelle It provides energy in the form of ATP. M I TO CHOND RIA G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER RIBOSOMES Composed of RNA. Where proteins are made. Smallest of organelles. Attached to membranes and free in cytoplasm. Attached to RER. R I B O SOM ES G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Transports materials within the cell. SMOOTH- Storage of special enzymes. ROUGH- Involved in protein synthesis; has ribosomes. END O P L AS MIC R ETI CULUM G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER  GOLGI APPARATUS Central intracellular membrane-bound organelle Manufacturing, storing, packing, and transporting particles throughout the cell. GO LGI A P PA R ATUS G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER VACUOLE Fills much of the plant cell. Aids in regulation of H2O in certain environment. VACU O LE G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER WORDS TO PONDER “Any work I do… I think is important…like in acting there is no small parts- only small actors.” - Holly Golightly- G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER ACTIVITY: LABELLING Label the following parts of a cell. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER PLANT ANIMAL CELL MEMBRANE NUCLEUS NUCLEOLUS ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM RIBOSOMES VACUOLE MITOCHONDRIA GOLGI APPARATUS CHLOROPLAST CENTRIOLES LYSOSOME CELL WALL G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER ACTIVITY: VENN DIAGRAM On a one whole yellow paper, create a Venn Diagram showing the similarities and differences of plant and animal cells. G EN ERA L BIO LO G Y 1 – FIRST Q UA RT ER