Cell Theory PDF

1. ***[Cell]*** - basic unit of life \- structured living thing \- involves all processes to sustain life ***[Organelles]*** - subcellular components of cells **LEVELS OF CELLS** 1. 2. 3. 4. ***[Theory of Spontaneous Generation]*** - living things come from no...

1. ***[Cell]*** - basic unit of life \- structured living thing \- involves all processes to sustain life ***[Organelles]*** - subcellular components of cells **LEVELS OF CELLS** 1. 2. 3. 4. ***[Theory of Spontaneous Generation]*** - living things come from nonliving things \- unaccepted theory due to evidence **SCIENTISTS** ***[Francisco Redi]*** - proved the Theory of Spontaneous Generation wrong with an experiment with jars with meat; proving ***biogenesis*** ***[Robert Hooke]*** - proposed the idea of a *"cell"* through a cork of a tree with empty box-like structures derived from the word *"[cellula]"*  ***[Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek]*** - discovered *[microorganisms]* first named **animalcules** ***[Matthias Schleiden]*** - botanist who declared the existence of plant cells with ***cell walls & nucleus*** of a single cell ***[Theodor Scwhann]*** - ecologist who declared all animals compose of tissues and cells ***[Rudolf Virchow]*** - physician who observed *[dividing of cells]* from other cells (***omnis cellula e cellula***) **Cell Theory** \- organisms are mode of one or more cells \- cell is the basic unit of life that perform life processes \- cells come from existing cells **Modern Cell Statements** \- cell contains ***Deoxyribonucleic Acid***; hereditary info that pass from cell to cell during division \- cells have the same chemical composition & metabolic activities \- cell's basic chemical and physiological functions are carried out inside each cell \- ***subcellular organelles*** are depended on cell activity **Cell Theory Purpose** \- Disease - Medical Research - Stem Cell \- Health - Vaccines - Cloning **CELL STRUCTURE** *[Must Contain:]* \- Cell Membrane - Cytoplasm - Nucleus *[Types:]* \- Prokaryotic - Eukaryotic **[Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes]** **Nucleus** - has a nucleoid region **(P)** \- has a membrane bound nucleus **(E)** **Genetic Material** - single circular chromosome **(P)** \- multiple linear chromosome **(E)** **ORGANELLES** 1. \- separates exterior and interior environment 2. ***Cytoplasm*** - jelly-like substance that fills the cell \- composes of *water, salt, enzymes* *-* medium for reactions 3. ***Nucleus*** - houses genetic material of cells \- contains **pores** 4. ***Ribosomes*** - synthesizes proteins 4. ***Endoplasmic Reticulum*** - processes & transports new materials \- **Rough** synthesize proteins, **Smooth** synthesize lipids 6. ***Golgi Apparatus*** - process, modifies and packages *[proteins & lipids]* 6. ***Mitochondria*** - energy-producing organelle for respiration \- produces **Adenosine Triphosphate** 8. ***Cytoskeleton*** - structural support, maintains cell shape, moves & transports the cell 8. ***Vacuoles*** - storage & transport  \- plant cells may contain ***90%*** volume of cell 10. ***Cell Wall*** - rigid wall made of *cellulose* *-* [pectin], [cellulose microfibil], [hemcellulose] 11. ***Chloroplast*** - responsible for photosynthesis \- **chlorophyll**; solar to chemical energy \- produces *oxygen, glucose* 12. ***Lysosomes*** - membrane-bound organelles with digestive enzymes for waste material & debris ***Prokaryotes Eukaryotes*** \- *"Pro"* - *Before - "Eu" - After* \- "*Karyo" - Nucleus - "Karyo" - Nucleus* \- **Archaea, Bacteria** - **Fungi, Animals** 1. **CELL CYCLE** ***[Organisms]*** - distinguished by reproductive ability ***[Heredity]*** - transmission of traits from generations ***[Variation]*** - differentiating of off-springs in appearance ***[Genetics]*** - scientific study of heredity & variation ***[Life Continuity]*** - based on reproduction & division of cells ***[Cell Division]*** - arising of cells from pre-existing cells \- multicellular organisms come from a *[zygote]*