Cell Cycle and Cell Division Notes PDF

BIOHACK NOTES CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION Based on active recall and spaced repetition Target 360/360 in NEET Biology & 100/100 in Boards!  DigaQ. 1 PHASES OF CELL CYCLE...

BIOHACK NOTES CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION Based on active recall and spaced repetition Target 360/360 in NEET Biology & 100/100 in Boards!  DigaQ. 1 PHASES OF CELL CYCLE P 1. The human cell divides once in approximately ____ hrs. 2. _______, can progress through the cell cycle in Q only ____ minutes. E 3. Cell cycle is divided into 2 phases, Name them. D 4. The interphase lasts more than ____% of the X Y C duration of cell cycle. (NEET) B 5. M phase is divided into (2) - A R 6. Interphase is divided into 3 phases. Name them. 7. DNA synthesis takes place in ____ phase. (NEET) T 8. There is an increase in the no. of chromosomes in S phase. T/F (NEET) 9. In S phase, centriole duplication begins in nucleus. T/F 10. What happens in G₂ phase? DigaQ. 2 11. Onion have ___ no. of chromosomes. A 12. Heart cell do not divide. T/F 13. Cells after completing M phase enter first into G₀ phase. T/F 14. G₀ phase is also called __________ 15. Cell enters G₀ phase by exiting ____ phase. 16. Cell entering the G₀ phase exit the cell cycle. T/F (NEET) M PHASE B 17. ______ is the most dramatic period of the cell cycle. 18. It is also called _________ 19. Cytokinesis is a part of M phase. T/F 20. Name the 5 phases. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase & Telophase 21. _______ is marked by the initiation of condensation of chromosomal material. C 22. The end of prophase is marked by what characteristic events ? (2) 23. Each centrosome radiates out microtubules called _______ 24. Two asters together with spindle fibres forms ___________ 25. Cell at the end of prophase don't show - (4) (NEET) 26. What marks the start of the 2nd phase of mitosis ?  D 27. Chromosomes are clearly observed in which stage? (NEET) 28. What is most easily studied in metaphase? (NEET) 29. _______ serve as a site of attachment of spindle fibers (NEET) 30. Disc shaped structure at the surface of centromere are - (NEET) 31. The plane of alignment of the chromosomes at metaphase is called ________ 32. Key features of metaphase is (2) 33. Migration to the opposite pole starts in _______. (NEET) 34. Key Events are (2) 35. Chromosome decondense and lose their individuality in ________ 36. Nucleolus, Golgi complex and ER reform in _______ (NEET) E 37. Two daughter nuclei are formed in _______ Cytokinesis 38. In an animal cell, this is achieved by the appearance of a ______ (NEET) 39. In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs centripetally/centrifugally. 40. Centrifugal cytokinesis occur in - 41. Formation of the new cell wall begins with the formation of a simple F precursor, called ________ 42. In some organisms, cytokinesis do not occur forming _____ eg. ________ (NEET) 43. A very significant contribution of mitosis is cell repair. T/F G MEIOSIS Prophase I 44. Prophase of the first meiotic division is typically shorter and less complex when compared to prophase of mitosis. T/F 45. The 5 phases of meiosis I are - (NEET) 46. Chromosomes becomes gradually visible in _______ 47. The compaction of chromosomes continues throughout_________ 48. Chromosome start pairing together in _______ stage and this process is called _____ (NEET) 49. Paired chromosomes are called _________ chromosomes. (NEET) 50. Chromosome synapsis is accompanied by the formation of complex structure called ______ (NEET) 51. The complex formed by a pair of synapsed homologous chromosomes is called a _____ or ______ (NEET) DigaQ. 3 A B C D 52. The first two stages of prophase I are relatively long-lived compared to pachytene. T/F 53. Four chromatids of each bivalent clearly appear as tetrad in - 54. Pachytene is characterised by appearance of- 55. What is a recombinant nodule? 56. Enzyme involved in crossing over is - (NEET) 57. Recombination between homologous chromosomes is completed by the end of ________ 58. Beginning of diplotene is recognised by - (NEET) 59. X shaped structures called _______ are formed in - (NEET) 60. In _______, diplotene can last for months and years. 61. ________ is marked by terminalisation of chiasmata. (NEET) 62. By the end of ________, nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope also breaks down. (NEET) Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I & Meiosis II 63. Bivalent chromosomes align on the equatorial plate in ________ (NEET) 64. In Anaphase I, sister chromatids separate. T/F (NEET) 65. No replication of DNA occurs during interkinesis. T/F 66. Dyad of cell is formed in - 67. ________ are very important for the process of evolution DigaQ. 4 D A B C  CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION ANSWERS  PHASES OF CELL CYCLE 31. Metaphase plate 1. 24 32. Spindle fibers attach to kinetochore, 2. Yeast, 90 chromosome align along metaphase plate 3. Interphase & M Phase 33. Anaphase 4. 95% 34. Centromeres split and chromatids separate, 5. Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis Chromatids move to opposite poles 6. G₁ phase, S phase, G₂ phase 35. Telophase 7. S 36. Telophase 8. F 37. Telophase 9. F, in cytoplasm 38. Furrow 10. proteins are synthesised in preparation for 39. Centripetally mitosis 40. Plants 11. 16 41. Cell plate 12. T 42. Syncytium, eg. liquid endosperm of coconut 13. F 43. T 14. Quiescent phase MEIOSIS 15. G₁ 44. F, longer & more complex 16. F 45. Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and M PHASE Diakinesis 17. M phase 46. Leptotene 18. Equational division 47. Leptotene 19. T 48. Zygotene, synapsis 20. Prophase l Metaphase l Anaphase l Telophase | 49. Homologous Cytokinesis 50. Synaptonemal complex 21. Prophase 51. bivalent or a tetrad 22. Chromosomal material condenses to form 52. F, short lived compact mitotic chromosomes, Assembly of mitotic 53. Pachytene spindles 54. Recombinant nodule 23. Asters 55. the sites at which crossing over occurs between 24. Mitotic apparatus non-sister chromatids of the homologous 25. golgi complexes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus chromosomes and the nuclear envelope 56. Recombinase 26. complete disintegration of the nuclear envelope 57. Pachytene 27. Metaphase 28. Morphology of chromosomes 29. Kinetochore 30. Kinetochore 58. dissolution of the synaptonemal complex DigaQ. 2 - Stages in Mitosis 59. Chiasmata, diplotene A – Anaphase 60. Oocytes of some vertebrates B – Transition to metaphase 61. Diakinesis C – Late prophase 62. Diakinesis D – Telophase 63. Metaphase I E – Early prophase 64. F F – Interphase 65. T G – Metaphase 66. Telophase I DigaQ. 3 - Stages of Meiosis I 67. Variations A – Anaphase I DigaQs B – Metaphase I DigaQ. 1 C – Prophase I X – Interphase Y – M phase D – Telophase I P – G₀ A – Prophase DigaQ. 4 - Stages of Meiosis II Q – G₁ B – Metaphase A – Metaphase II R–S C – Anaphase B – Telophase II T – G₂ D – Telophase C – Prophase II E – Cytokinesis D – Anaphase II LE YOU* SCAN AND DONATE US SO THAT WE CAN CREATE MORE SUCH QUALITY CONTENT FOR YOU! JUST ₹10-20 WILL BE APPRECIABLE! :)