Cell Cycle and Division Quiz

The human cell takes approximately 24 hours to complete one cell cycle.

Certain cells, like those in embryos, can go through the cell cycle in under an hour.

The cell cycle is broadly divided into Interphase and M phase.

Interphase constitutes more than 90% of the cell cycle.

M phase is further divided into Mitosis and Cytokinesis.

Interphase is divided into G1, S, and G2 phases.

DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.

The chromosome number doesn't increase during the S phase.

Centriole duplication happens outside the nucleus during the S phase.

The cell prepares for mitosis in G2, including organelle duplication and protein synthesis.

Onion cells have 16 chromosomes.

Heart cells generally do not divide.

Post-M phase cells can enter a resting state called G₀ phase.

The G₀ phase is a non-dividing phase of the cell cycle; resting phase.

Cells enter G₀ by leaving the cell cycle; not actively dividing.

M phase is the most active phase of the cell's division, mitosis and cytokinesis.

M phase is also known as the mitotic phase.

Cytokinesis is a part of M phase; cell splitting.

Mitosis has distinct phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

Prophase starts with condensation of the chromosomal material.

Prophase ends when the nuclear membrane vanishes and spindle fibre appears.

Each centrosome radiates microtubules outside itself.

Asters, with spindle fibres together make up the spindle apparatus.

A prophase cell lacks: a nuclear membrane, nucleolus and distinct chromosomes.

Metaphase starts when the chromosomes get aligned at the equator of the cell

Chromosomes are clearly observable in metaphase.

Centrosomes are best seen in metaphase.

Centromeres are the sites where spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes during mitosis.

Disc shaped structures called Kinetochores are present at the surface of the centromere.

The plane where chromosomes align during metaphase is called the metaphase plate.

Stage of cell division where chromosomes align on the equatorial plate.

Stage of meiosis where sister chromatids separate.

Period between meiosis I and meiosis II, where DNA replication does not occur.

Homologous chromosomes paired during meiosis.

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.

The first stage of mitosis that begins cell division by condensing the chromatin to chromosomes.

A process that occurs prior to cell division where genetic material is duplicated.

Identical copies of a chromosome after DNA replication.

Chromosomes align at the cell's equator, spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.

Movement of chromosomes to opposite poles of the dividing cell.

Chromosome separation and two daughter nuclei formation.

Chromosomes unwind and lose distinct shape at the end of mitosis

These organelles reappear in the new daughter cells after mitosis.

Creation of two genetically identical nuclei within the daughter cells during mitosis.

Division of the cytoplasm and organelles in animal cells during mitosis; characterized by a cleavage furrow.

Appearance of indentation in the animal cell membrane.

Cytoplasm division, accomplished by forming a cell plate, followed by new cell wall formation.

Some organisms skip cytokinesis, retaining a multinucleated cell (syncytium).

Mitosis plays a vital role in the repair of damaged tissues.

Meiosis I prophase is typically less complex when compared to mitosis prophase.

Five phases (Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis).

Initiation of chromosome contraction during prophase I (meiosis).

Homologous chromosomes pair up in prophase I, called synapsis.

Chromosomes carrying similar genes, one inherited from each parent.

Protein structure that holds homologous chromosomes together during synapsis in meiosis.

A pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.

The early stages (Leptotene, Zygotene) are relatively long compared to later stages (Pachytene).

Four chromatids of a homologous chromosome pair appear as a tetrad in late prophase I.

Sites where crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes

Specific enzyme responsible for genetic material exchange during meiosis.

Diplotene begins when the synaptonemal complex dissolves.

X-shaped structures that represent points where homologous chromosomes have crossed over.

A phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for division, but not actively dividing

The phase of the cell cycle where mitosis and cytokinesis occur; active division

First stage of mitosis. Chromosomes condense, and spindle fibers form.

Stage of mitosis where chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.

Stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Final stage of mitosis where two new nuclei form and the cell prepares to split.

Disc-shaped protein structure located on the centromere of each chromosome, serving as attachment points for spindle fibers.

The whole structure formed by spindle fibres and asters that aids in chromosome segregation during mitosis.

Stage in Prophase I of meiosis where crossing over occurs.

Structures that form at the points where crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes in meiosis.