Transportation CE 3 Chapter 1 PDF

TRANSPORTATION Engr. Rammel F. Mistica, MSCE  DISCUSSION 01 02 03 04 5 ▪ Importance of transportation, different modes of Conceptual Framework 03 transportation, characteristics of road transport, scope...

TRANSPORTATION Engr. Rammel F. Mistica, MSCE  DISCUSSION 01 02 03 04 5 ▪ Importance of transportation, different modes of Conceptual Framework 03 transportation, characteristics of road transport, scope of highway and traffic engineering Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  TRANSPORTATION 01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  TRANSPORTATION 01 02 03 04 5 The movement of people and/or goods from one place to Conceptual another. The process of shipping or moving an item from Framework 03 point A to point B. Methodology Transportation is any device used to move an item from Data Analysis one location to another. Common forms of transportation Conclusion include planes, trains, automobiles, and other two- wheel devices such as bikes or motorcycles. Recommendation 3  TRANSPORTATION 01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION 01 02 is important Transportation 03 04 5 because it facilitates trade, exchange and travel. Without Conceptual Framework 03 effective transportation, regions are largely isolated from each Methodology other. Data Analysis Effective, affordable transportation also plays a role in letting people move to new Conclusion areas. Recommendation 3  IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION 01 02 is a means 03 Transportation by which 04 5 animals, goods and humans are moved from one place to 03another. Conceptual Framework Some of the typical modes of transport are water, road, rail, air, coastal, Methodology navigation, pipeline, cable and space. Data Analysis The role of a well-coordinated and smooth transport system is critical in Conclusion the sound growth of the country. Recommendation 3  IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION 01 Transport 02 is significant as03 it 04 5 allows trade between people that is Conceptual Framework necessary for 03 the expansion of civilizations. It plays a vital role in globalization Methodology and economic growth of a Data Analysis country. Conclusion Recommendation 3  SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSPORTATION 01 BOOST 02 ECONOMIC GROWTH:03 04 Transportation 5 promotes economic growth in an organization in following ways: Conceptual Framework 03 Better productivity Enhances accessibility of labor force and jobs Methodology Opens new avenues for businesses, Data Analysis Improves supply chain efficiency Conclusion Recommendation 3  SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSPORTATION 01 02 03 04 5 INCREASES BUSINESS PRODUCTIVITY: Improvements in transportation enhances 03 Conceptual Framework the reach of businesses and people to find relevant services, jobs, activities, goods, and productivity. Transportation helps reduce time of travel Methodology and improves infrastructure too. Employees reach workplace Data Analysis in less time. Businesses also benefit by increased employee productivity. This results in increasing the productivity of an Conclusion area impacted by the better transportation system. Recommendation 3  SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSPORTATION 01 ENHANCES 02 ACCESSIBILITY 03 OF LABOR04FORCE AND 5 JOBS: Another economic advantage of transportation is that Conceptual Framework 03 it provides a larger pool of employees for the job market. A new transit, road enhancements or traveler rail line reduces the travel time of employees as required by other Methodology transportation modes like a bus or a car. Now employees can Data Analysis reach jobs that were previously inaccessible. New and improved transportation mode enhances direct access of the Conclusion population to more job avenues, that makes a place more attractive. Recommendation 3  SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSPORTATION 01 OPENS NEW02AVENUES FOR 03BUSINESS:04 5 New rail, metro lines and subway attract new commercial and residential Conceptual Framework 03 development. This provides passengers and businesses with various options to earn as well as spend their money. Better access, and improved transportation projects lead to the Methodology economic development of metropolitan areas. Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSPORTATION 01 IMPROVED 02 SUPPLY CHAIN03EFFICIENCY: 04Quicker and 5 easier access to required materials and supplies result in its Conceptual Framework 03 not just reduces inventory faster delivery to customers. This carrying and transportation costs, but also improves profitability and productivity in a business. Methodology Data Analysis Improvements in the transportation infrastructure makes it possible for organizations to extend their market access to Conclusion infinite customer base, that increases their competitiveness too. Recommendation 3  SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSPORTATION Bucal Bypass Road 01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 2015 Methodology 2023 Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  Transportation engineering or transport engineering is the application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management 01 facilities for of 02 any mode 03 04 in order 5to of transportation provide for the safe, efficient, rapid, comfortable, Conceptual convenient, Framework economical,03 and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods transport. Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Transportation engineering, primarily involves planning, Data Analysis design, construction, maintenance, and operation of transportation facilities. The facilities support air, highway, Conclusion railroad, pipeline, water, and even space transportation. Recommendation 3  TRANSPORTATION 01 02 03 04 5 Planning Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Maintenance Design Data Analysis Conclusion Operations Construction Recommendation 3  TRANSPORTATION 01 02 03 04 5 Planning Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Maintenance Design Data Analysis Conclusion Operations Construction Recommendation 3  TRANSPORTATION 01 02 03 04 5 Planning Conceptual 03 Framework 1.Transportation Methodology Problems Data Analysis 2.Road Inventory Conclusion 3. Transportation Recommendation Planning Studies 3 CONGESTION 1. Transportation Problems 03 04 5 DRIVERS BEHAVIOR ROAD CRASH Conceptual Framework 0 Methodology 3 LACK OF PUBLIC FLOOD TRANSPORTATION Data Analysis CHANGING POLICIES Conclusion Recommendation NO STANDARD TRAFFIC 3  Road crashes kill someone every 24 01 seconds, with 02 03 a total of 1.35 million 5 traffic deaths around the world each year according to the World Health 03 Organization. Methodology According to the data published in 2017, Data Analysis Road Traffic Accidents in Philippines reached 10,767 or 1.74% of total Conclusion deaths. The Death Rate is 11.82 per 100,000 of population and Philippines Recommendation ranks #116 in the world  In a 2018 study, the Japan 01 02 03 International 5 Cooperation Agency said that traffic costs the Philippines P3.5 billion in "lost 03 The Philippine capital ranked ninth opportunities" daily. The amount most congested city out of 389 is expected to triple in number Methodology citieS. On average, it took 27 by the year 2030. Dataminutes Analysis for Filipinos to travel 10 kilometers in Metro Manila last year. Across East and Southeast Conclusion Asia, Manila was the second most traffic-congested city Recommendation  01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  ROAD SAFETY – by 2020, ½ the number of global deaths and 01 02 03 injuries from road traffic crashes 5 03 ENERGY EFFICIENCY – by 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency (electricity, fuel consumptions on Methodology transport) Data Analysis SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE – develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure to support economic Conclusion development and human well being Recommendation  2. Road Inventory 01 02 03 5 DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 03 1. Road and Bridge Inventory 2. Traffic Information Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  01 02 03 04 05 Conceptual 03 The Department of Public Works and Highways Framework (Kagawaran ng mga Pagawain at Lansangang Bayan), Methodology abbreviated as DPWH Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  01 02 03 04 05 Conceptual Framework 03 is the executive department of the Philippine government solely vested with the Mandate to “be the Methodology State's engineering and construction arm” Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  01 02 03 04 05 Conceptual Framework 03 and, as such, it is “tasked to carry out the policy” of the State to “maintain an engineering and Methodology construction arm Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  01 02 03 04 05 Conceptual 03 continuously develop its technology, for the Framework purposes of ensuring the safety of all infrastructure Methodology facilities Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  01 02 03 04 05 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology and securing for all public works and highways the highest efficiency and the most appropriate quality Data Analysis in construction Conclusion Recommendation 3  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION https://dpwh.maps.arcgis.com 01 02 03 5 The Philippine highway network is a network of national roads owned and maintained by the Department 03 of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and organized into three Methodology classifications according to their function Data Analysis or purpose: national primary, secondary, and tertiary roads. Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION https://dpwh.maps.arcgis.com 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION https://dpwh.maps.arcgis.com 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION https://dpwh.maps.arcgis.com 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION https://dpwh.maps.arcgis.com 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION https://dpwh.maps.arcgis.com 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  DPWH GIS WEB APPLICATION 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  3. Transportation Planning Studies 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  FEASIBILITY STUDY 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  FEASIBILITY STUDY 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  Origin and Destination Study (O-D) 01 02 03 04 5 ▪ To show the pattern and nature of daily trips Conceptual Framework made by the residents 03 ▪ Methodology The main purpose of O-D study is to plan the transportation in urban city especially the Data Analysis type of land use, road traffic network and Conclusion public transportation system. Recommendation 3  O-DSurvey Techniques Elevated Observer Roadside Interview, Postcard Survey Headlight Survey Windscreen Sticker Car Following License Plate Survey Origin-Destination Household Interview Survey (HIS) Surveys Establish a measure of the patterns of movement of person and goods within a particular area of interest. Origin-Destination Survey A Establish trip patterns Determine probable traffic diversion E B Identify zones (per Barangay or municipalities) D C Origin-Destination Survey Form Other details of survey Trip Purpose Destination Origin Vehicle Type  Application of (O-D) data 01 02 03 04 5 ▪ Determine the traffic flow – if traffic congestion occurs, a short Conceptual cut must be plan to give a comfortable travel to road user. Framework 03 ▪ Determine whether the existing road system is adequate or not. ▪ Determine the suitable / best position of a bridge or new Methodology transport terminal to be constructed. ▪ Built a transportation models to make sure the transportation Data Analysis planning will be more easier and also make a prediction about Conclusion the traffic pattern in the future. Recommendation 3  Traffic Volume Studies 01 02 03 04 5 ▪ Conceptual To collect data on the number 03 of vehicles / Framework pedestrian that pass a point during a Methodology specified time period. ▪ Data Analysis To know whether the existing road can accommodate the vehicles that using a road. ▪ Conclusion Ensure the smooth movement of vehicles and traffic safety. Recommendation 3  Manual By Tallying, with Manual Counters or Using Smart Phone Apps Automatic Counters Techniques Axle counter (pneumatic type), vehicle counter (inductive loop detectors, magnetic vehicle in Volume imaging) VideoTechnique Studies Installed Cameras at locations Moving VehicleMethod Carried out by observers traveling in a vehicle making a series of runs over a selected route to determine mean volume along a length of road and information on travel times.  Vehicle Type MOTOR-TRICYCLE MOTORCYCLE PASSENGER CAR (SEDAN, SUV) PASSENGER UTILITY (PUJ, UVE) GOODS UTILITY SMALL BUS LARGE BUS RIGID TRUCK (2-AXLE) RIGID TRUCK (3-AXLE) SEMI-TRAILER TRUCK (3 OR 4-AXLE) SEMI-TRAILER TRUCK (5+-AXLE) TRAILER TRUCK (4-AXLE) TRAILER TRUCK (5+-AXLE)  Manual Classified Volume Count TIME OF STUDY 0 12 24 24 – HOUR COUNTS 16 – HOUR COUNTS 12 – HOUR COUNTS PEAK PEAK SHORT SHORT SHORT SHORT Manual Classified Volume Count Midblock Intersection INTERSECTIONS 4 - LEG MULTI - LEG 3 - LEG  Presentation of Data Trend Charts Intersection Flow Diagram Presentation of Data Traffic Flow Map License Plate Survey Form Vehicle Type Plate Number  Application of Traffic Volume Data 01 02 03 04 5 ▪ Conceptual Design of road rehabilitation 03 Framework ▪ Study the traffic at intersection ▪ Methodology Study of traffic control systems ▪ Data Analysis Forecast / predict traffic volumes ▪ Study traffic accidents ▪ Conclusion Analysis of cost – benefits for highway projects Recommendation 3  Spot Speed Studies 01 02 03 04 5 ▪ Conducted to estimate the distribution of Conceptual Framework speeds of vehicles in a stream03 of traffic at particular location. ▪ Methodology Carried out by recording the speed of a Data Analysis sample of vehicles at specific location. ▪ Will be valid only for the traffic and Conclusion environmental conditions that exist at the Recommendationtime of study. 3  Trap Length Method (Speed Trap or Stopwatch Spot Speed) Uses reference points to aid in collecting elapsed time to travel through the study area Using a stopwatch and measuring the time it takes to travel over a specified distance 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑆𝑃𝐸𝐸𝐷 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 120.5 s 0.0 s  Application of Spot Speed Data 01 02 03 04 5 ▪ Establish parameter for traffic operation such as speed Conceptual Framework zones, speed limits, and passing 03 restriction. ▪ Evaluate the effectiveness of traffic control devices such as Methodology variable message sign at work zone. ▪ Data Analysis Evaluate / determine the adequacy of highway geometric characteristic ▪ Conclusion Evaluate the effect of speed on highway ▪ RecommendationDetermine speed trends. 3  Travel time and delay studies 01 02 03 04 5 ▪ A travel time study determines the amount of time required to travel from one Conceptual Framework 03point to another on a given route. ▪ Information may also collected on the location, Methodology duration, and cause of delays. Data Analysis ▪ Data also aid the traffic engineer in identifying problems at the location Conclusion Recommendation 3 Travel TimeandDelay Studies Loading/ Unloading of Passengers Traffic Control System Pedestrian Crossing Maneuvering vehicles Other vehicles blocking Road Construction/ Maintenance Works  Parking Studies 01 02 03 04 5 ▪ The need of parking spaces is usually Conceptual Framework very great in the areas where03 land uses including business, residential and Methodology commercial activities. ▪ Data AnalysisProviding adequate parking space to meet the demand for parking that may Conclusion affect the level of service. Recommendation 3  01 Application 02 of parking data 03 04 5 ▪ Conceptual Framework To get the valid information03(before and latest) ▪ Methodology To know whether it is adequate Data Analysis parking or not. ▪ To provide information needed to Conclusion enable the implementation of Recommendation payment by the parties involved. 3  CLASIFICATION OF TRANSPORATION 01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework TRANSPORT 03 OPERATIONS VEHICLES INFRASTRUCTURE Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  CLASIFICATION OF TRANSPORATION 01 02 03of transportation This form 04comprises of 5the fixed installation of terminals for Conceptual Framework TRANSPORT 03 of cargo and passengers. It interchange INFRASTRUCTURE includes railways, roads, waterways, Methodology airways, pipelines, canals and terminals like railway stations, airports, warehouses, bus Data Analysis stations, refueling depots, seaports and trucking terminals. Conclusion Recommendation 3  CLASIFICATION OF TRANSPORATION 01 02 03 04 5 This type of transportation identifies the Conceptual Framework 03 way in which the vehicles function, and the OPERATIONS methods that accomplish this purpose. It Methodology includes financing, policies and legalities. Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  CLASIFICATION OF TRANSPORATION 01 02 03 04 5 This is a passenger transportation system Conceptual Framework 03 where operators provide either private or VEHICLES scheduled services such as freight transport Methodology and bulk transport. Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  MODES OF TRANSPORATION 01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  MODES OF TRANSPORATION 01 02 03 04 5 ROAD Conceptual Framework RAIL 03 AIR WATER TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  MODES OF TRANSPORATION 01 02 03 04 5 ROAD Conceptual Framework RAIL 03 AIR WATER TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  MODES OF TRANSPORATION 01 03 plays a significant 02 Road transport 04 5 role in the progress of economic and social state of the country. It is 03 ROAD Conceptual Framework TRANSPORT the most cost-effective mode of transportation for medium and short distances. Methodology This transportation service is regarded as useful Data Analysis and preferable because of its trustworthiness, flexibility, ease and speed. Conclusion Recommendation 3  Advantages of Road Transport: Disadvantages of Road Transport: (i) It is very flexible in nature. (i) It is not suited for long distance as it is 01 02 (ii) It helps to facilitate the movement of 03 not economical. 04 5 goods even in remote areas. (ii) Slow as compared to railways. Conceptual (iii) It Framework provides alternatives in the form of car, 03 (iii) Goods can be destroyed/damage due to rickshaw, auto, cars, bus, trucks, and so on. specks of dust and pollutions. Methodology (iv) It is good for transporting perishable (iv) It is time-consuming. products. Data Analysis (v) Accidents and Breakdowns. (v) It requires low capital investments. (vi) ConclusionIt is very suitable for a short distance journey. Recommendation 3  MODES OF TRANSPORATION 01 02 03 04 5 ROAD Conceptual Framework RAIL 03 AIR WATER TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  MODES OF TRANSPORATION 01 02 The railway is03 04 5 considered to be “the lifeline”. It facilitates transference of goods and people from one location 03 RAIL Conceptual Framework TRANSPORT to another. The vastness of the country makes rail transportation a vital transport Methodology medium for internal transportation and operation Data Analysis of commuters. People get easy access to various inaccessible areas. With railways, it becomes Conclusion possible to bring in people and materials from different parts of the country that was Recommendation earlier not possible. 3  Advantages of Railways Transportation: Disadvantages of Railways Transportation: (i) It is economical for long distances because it can easily cover all area of the cities. (i) Huge capital required for construction maintenance. (ii) This means of transport is very faster than 01 roadways. 02 03 04 (ii) It is not suitable for hilly areas. 5 (iii) Most suitable for carrying a bulky amount of (iii) It is not flexible in nature. goods and products. Conceptual Framework 03 (iv) The cost and time of terminal operations (iv) It provides proper protection from exposure are the major disadvantages of rail transport. to sun and dust pollutions. Methodology (v) Monopoly in nature. (v) It is the most dependable means of transport. Data Analysis (vi) It consists much time for booking of goods through the comparison of road transport. (vi) It is the very safest means of transport. Conclusion (vii) Rail transport helps to provide employment opportunities to both skilled and unskilled individuals. Recommendation 3  MODES OF TRANSPORATION 01 02 03 04 5 ROAD Conceptual Framework RAIL 03 AIR WATER TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  MODES OF TRANSPORATION 01 02 This mode of03 04 5 transportation is significant for its fast transport. Enjoys a centralized location all over the world03 AIR Conceptual Framework TRANSPORT in regards to air transportation. Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  Advantages of Air Transportation: Disadvantages of Air Transportation: (i) Fastest means of transportation. (i) The large capital investment needed. (ii) Useful moving the goods in the amount of (ii) Not suitable for working goods. bulk. 01 02 03 04 (iii) May be affected by rains. 5 (iii) Each and every area of accessible. (iv) Risks of accidents are highest. Conceptual (iv) FrameworkVital for national security and 03 defense. (v) This mode of transport requires a specialized skill and a high degree of training (v) Very Methodology useful in earthquakes and other for its working operations. floods. Data Analysis (vi) It provides an efficient, regular, and quick service. Conclusion (vii) It is very suitable for emergency services. Recommendation 3  MODES OF TRANSPORATION 01 02 03 04 5 ROAD Conceptual Framework RAIL 03 AIR WATER TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  MODES OF TRANSPORATION 01 03 offer the cheapest 02 Water transport 04 5 mode of transportation as there is no need to create any transportation03 WATER Conceptual Framework TRANSPORT route. Both internal as well as marine water channels such as canals and rivers Methodology provide water transportation in the country. Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  Advantages of Water Transportation: Disadvantages of Water Transportation: (i) It is the very cheapest or easiest means of (i) One of the drawbacks is there is a delay in transportation. the movement of goods from one place to another. (ii) Goods in bulk are transported. 01 02 03 04 (ii) Performance is affected by seasonal 5 (iii) It promotes foreign or international trade. variations. Conceptual (iv) FrameworkIt can easily carry a huge quantity of 03 (iii) It can be used in a limited area of goods such as timber and coal. operations because it can only run on seas or oceans. (v) In Methodology comparison to other transport, the risks capacity is very low. (iv) Water transport is very unsuitable for small businesses because it carries a small Data Analysis number of goods. Conclusion Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Transport is a key sector in the Philippine economy, 01 population02 linking and economic centers 03 across the 04 5 islands. The transport system of the Philippines consists of road, water, air, and rail transport. Water transport Conceptual 03 nature of plays an important role due to the archipelagic Framework the country, but road transport is by far the dominant subsector accounting for 98% of passenger traffic Methodology and 58% of cargo traffic. While the transport infrastructure has been developed and spread across the Data Analysis country (about 215,000 kilometers [km] of roads, 1,300 public and private ports, and 215 public and private Conclusion airports), the level of service has not been sufficient due to the lack of sustainable financing. 3 Recommendation  01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM From a previously underdeveloped state of transportation, 01 02 03 04 5 the government of the Philippines has been improving transportation through various direct infrastructure projects, Conceptual 03 and these include an increase in air, sea, road, and rail Framework transportation and transport hubs. Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM From a previously underdeveloped state of transportation, 01 02 03 04 5 the government of the Philippines has been improving transportation through various direct infrastructure projects, Conceptual 03 and these include an increase in air, sea, road, and rail Framework transportation and transport hubs. Methodology Data Analysis The Build! Build! Build! (BBB) Program is the centerpiece program of the Duterte administration that aims to usher the “Golden age of infrastructure” in the Philippines. Conclusion Lack of infrastructure has long been cited as the “Achilles’ heel” of Philippine economic development. Recommendation 3  01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  Bataan–Cavite Interlink Bridge 01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  MSR Junction Hondagua Roma Point Bridge 01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  01 02 03 04 5 Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Buses 01 02 03 5 04 There are three types of bus service within Conceptual 03 the Philippines, namely provincial buses with Framework routes from the city to distant towns and Methodology provinces, city buses with routes within Metro Manila, and the P2P (Point-to-Point) Data Analysis buses available in Manila. Conclusion Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Taxis 01 02 03 5 04 Taxis, which are white colored cars with Conceptual 03 yellow-colored plates, have a pre-determined Framework flag down rate of 40 Philippine pesos (at Methodology time of writing) and have an additional charge per kilometer and waiting time on the Data Analysis road. Like buses, they are privately-owned and so, there are different taxi operators. Conclusion Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Jeepneys 01 02 03 04 5 It’s the cheapest and most popular mode of land public transportation when travelling in the Conceptual Framework 03 Philippines. Because of its open rear door design, it’s easier to hop on and go down the vehicle. Plus, Methodology there are more jeepney stops, unlike bus stops. DataBefore Analysis riding on a jeepney, it’s best to know where you want to end up (what the areas are called, the names of the stops, roughly how long it takes to Conclusion reach your destination). Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Tricycle 01 02 03 04 5 Tricycles come in handy when your intended destination can’t be reached by jeepney or Conceptual Framework 03 when you have a lot to carry and there’s no taxi cab available in town. These modes of Methodology public transport have various types, such as a Datamotorcycle Analysis with sidecar or a bicycle with sidecar. Like the passenger jeepneys of the Filipinos, they are colorful, which reveals the Conclusion artistic nature of the country’s locals. Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Motorcycle taxis (Habal-habal) 01 02 03 04 5 This is where the motorcycle taxis (habal- habal) come in – and take you through steep Conceptual Framework 03 and unpaved roads to your chosen destination. Usually found in mountain Methodology barangays and distant provinces, you can Dataexperience Analysis taking a habal-habal ride when visiting places like Cebu and Siargao. Conclusion Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Pedicabs 01 02 03 04 5 These can be considered to be the silent version of tricycles as bicycles are essential Conceptual Framework 03 used, with a passenger can attached to the side or in the front. The driver uses pedal Methodology power to transport passengers. Normally you Datawill Analysissee pedicabs on side streets and some subdivision that don’t allow for tricycles to enter. Pedicabs can seat a maximum of three Conclusion passengers. Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Calesa or Kalesa 01 02 03 04 5 A kalesa is a horse-drawn carriage that used to drive around the streets but is now mostly Conceptual Framework 03 left for tourists; use. Manila and Intramuros in particular offer a kalesa ride the old- Methodology fashioned way, with your coachman serving Dataas tour guide, in a complete costume. Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Carabao Carriage (Balsa) 01 02 03 04 5 The carabao is one of the most hardworking Conceptual animals in the country, that’s why Framework 03 it’s the Philippine National Animal. People ride the Methodology carabaos on its back, holding its tail or on a bamboo raft (with or without wheels) Data Analysis attached to a yoke like a horse carriage. Conclusion Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Trains 01 Currently, the 02Philippines has a03railway 04 5 footprint of only 77 kilometers and rail transportation is provided by three rapid Conceptual 03 lines Framework called the Light Rail Transit (LRT) Line 1, LRT Line 2, and MRT (Metro Rail Transit) Line 3 in Methodology Metro Manila and the Philippine National DataRailways Analysis (PNR), which serves commuters traveling from the province of Laguna to Manila and back. LRT Line 2 and MRT Line 3 Conclusion are interconnected via a walkway in a station in Cubao, Quezon City. Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Airplanes 01 02 03 04 5 Across the country, there are more than 10 Conceptual international airports and about 30 Framework 03principal domestic airports. This number does not yet include the community airports Methodology and unclassified airstrips found in the Philippines. Data Analysis If you’re hoping to travel to major destinations in the country by air, the best Conclusion airlines to look at are Philippine Airlines (the country’s flagship carrier) and Cebu Pacific. Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Ferry boats and ro-ro’s 01 02 03 04 5 Inter-island travels within the country are Conceptual best experienced via ferry boats Framework 03 for major islands. The country’s roll-on/roll- off (ro-ro) system targets the three major Methodology nautical systems in the country – the Data Analysis Western, Central, and Eastern nautical highways. It’s also more convenient to Conclusion take the ro-ro vessels especially if you want to travel with your cars. Recommendation 3  PHILIPPINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Pump boats or bancas 01 02 03 04 5 For short-distance travels or when travelling to small and nearby islands, riding 03 Conceptual Framework on a pump boat or banca is your best option! Considered a utility boat in the Philippines, bancas or pump Methodology boats are used for nearly everything – from Data Analysis fishing to inter-island trips, and even as service of the Philippine Coast Guard. Conclusion Recommendation 3  SCOPE OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Engineers in this specialization: Handle the planning, design, construction, operation and ❑ 01 02 03 04 5 maintenance of highways, roads, and other vehicular facilities as well as their related bicycle and pedestrian Conceptual realms Framework 03 ❑ Estimate the transportation needs of the public and then secure the funding for projects Methodology ❑ Analyze locations of high traffic volumes and high collisions Data Analysis for safety and capacity ❑ Use engineering principles to improve the transportation Conclusion system ❑ Utilize the three design controls, which are the drivers, the 3 Recommendation vehicles, and the roadways themselves  SCOPE OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Development, Planning Historical background basis for planning, master plan, and Location engineering surveys and Highway Alignment. 01 02 03 04 5 Highway Design, Road Geometrics and theirs Design; Rigid and Flexible Pavements; Design factors and Thickness design; Overlay design; Geometrics and Structure Conceptual Framework 03 Design of design system Traffic performance and Traffic Studies analysis; Need for new road links; Traffic regulation Methodology and Control; Intersection design and their controls with signs, its control islands and markings. Data Analysis Highway Materials and mix design; Highway construction; Earth Work; Materials, Construction construction of different types of pavement , WBM,: Pavement failure, and Maintenance pavements evaluation Maintenance of pavements. Conclusion Economics, Finance and Road user and cost and economic analysis of highway projects; pavement types and maintenance measures; Highway Finance and phasing RecommendationAdministration 3 of Expenditure; Administration.  SCOPE OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING ❑ 01that phase 02 of transportation 03 engineering 04 which5 deals with the planning, geometric design and Conceptual Framework 03 streets and highways, traffic operations of roads, Methodology their networks, terminals, abutting lands, and relationships with other modes of transportation Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  SCOPE OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING Thus 01 the basic02 objective of 03 traffic engineering 04 is to5 achieve efficient, free and rapid flow of traffic, Conceptual 03 accidents. The study of with least number of traffic Framework traffic engineering may be divided into seven major Methodology areas, viz.: Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  STUDY OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING 01 02 03 04 5 a. Traffic b. Traffic c. Planning Conceptual Framework Characteristics 03 studies and analysis area analysis Methodology Data Analysis g. d. Geometric e. Traffic f. Road safety Administration Conclusion design operation aspects & management Recommendation 3  STUDY OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING - The traffic characteristic are quite complex with various types of road 01a. Traffic 02 03 users on the roads moving with different motives. 04 5 - The physical characteristics of the road uses may be either permanent Characteristics or temporary. The permeant characteristics are the vision, hearing, Conceptual Framework 03 strength and the general reaction to traffic situation. Methodology b. Traffic - The various studies to be carried out on the actual traffic include speed, Data Analysis studies and volume, capacity, travel patterns, origin and destination, traffic flow analysis characteristics, parking and accident studies. Conclusion Recommendation 3  STUDY OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING 01c. Planning - Long term development 03 02 04a country as a plans are to be prepared for 5 whole or for a region of the country. Land use planning , transportation area analysis needs and road network planning are closely interlinked. Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology - All the aspects such as cross section and roadway surface details, sight Data Analysis d. Geometric distance requirement, horizontal and vertical alignment, intersections and design parking facilities are to be suitably designed for better performance. Conclusion Recommendation 3  STUDY OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING 01e. Traffic 02 03 04 - Traffic operations deal with regulations, control and application of control measures. 5 operation - Regulations may be in the form of laws, or other traffic regulatory measures such as speed limit etc. Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology - Installation of traffic control devices like signs, signals, islands and Data Analysis f. Road safety pavement markings are most common means to regulate and control the aspects traffic. Conclusion Recommendation 3  STUDY OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING 01 g. 02 03 the actual condition - is a systematic way of managing 04on the 5 Administration locality/area of concern. & management - Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling Conceptual Framework 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation 3  PRIMARY GOAL OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERS The safe and efficient movement of people and goods through our streets and highways ❑ 01 Improve safety 02 03 04 5 Relieve traffic congestion 03 ❑ Conceptual Framework ❑ Speed (limited by technology, human characteristics & safety) ❑ Comfort (involves physical characteristics of vehicle and roadway and influenced Methodology by perception of safety) Convenience (relates to more ease with which trips are made and the ability of Data❑ Analysis transport to accommodate all of travel needs at appropriate time) Economy (more value to the money) Conclusion ❑ ❑ Protect the environment (e.g. reduce energy consumption) Recommendation 3  ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING Traffic Studies -measuring and quantifying various aspect of highway traffic (traffic volume, speed, travel time, delay, etc) 01 02 03 04 5 Performance Evaluation - means by which traffic engineers can rate the Conceptual 03 of facilities, can be measured in operating characteristics of individual sections Framework terms of level of service Methodology Facility Design - involves traffic engineers in the functional and geometric design ofAnalysis Data highways and other traffic facilities Traffic Control -central function of traffic engineers and involves the Conclusion establishment of traffic regulations and their communication to the driver through the use of traffic control devices, such as signs, markings, and signals. 3 Recommendation  ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING Traffic Operations - involves measures that influence overall operation of traffic facilities, such as one-way street systems, transit operations, curb management, and 01 02 surveillance and network control systems. 03 04 5 Transportation Systems Management - involves virtually all aspects of traffic engineering in a focus on optimizing system03 Conceptual Framework capacity and operations. Specific aspects of TSM include high occupancy vehicle priority systems, car-pooling programs, pricing strategies to manage demand, and similar functions. Methodology Integration of Intelligent transportation System Technologies (ITS) -refers to Data Analysis the application of modern telecommunications technology to the operation and control of transportation systems. Such systems include automated highways, automated toll- collection systems, vehicle-tracking systems, in-vehicle GPS and mapping systems, Conclusion automated enforcement of traffic lights and speed laws, smart control devices, and others. Recommendation 3  TRAFFIC 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation  TRAFFIC 01 02 03 5 03 Methodology Data Analysis Conclusion Recommendation Thank you!