CE 111 Quantity Surveying 2024-2025 PDF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING CE 111 – QUANTITY SURVEYING 2nd Semester, S.Y 2024 – 2025...

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING CE 111 – QUANTITY SURVEYING 2nd Semester, S.Y 2024 – 2025 MODULE 1 REVIEW OF SPECIFICATION AND PLANS/DETAILS 1.1 Introduction to Quantity Surveying Quantity Surveying is a profession in the construction industry that focuses on managing costs and contracts for construction projects. It involves various stages, including estimating costs, preparing budgets, tendering, managing contracts, and ensuring that projects are completed within budget and comply with legal requirements. (Ashworth & Perera, 2018) A Quantity Surveyor (QS) is a professional in the construction industry responsible for managing and controlling costs throughout the lifecycle of a construction project, from initial estimates to final accounts. Their expertise ensures that projects are completed within budget while maintaining quality and adhering to legal and safety standards. They also play a key role in tendering, procurement, contract administration, and risk management. (Ashworth & Perera, 2018) Quantity surveying encompasses a range of activities and responsibilities that ensure the economic feasibility and successful financial management of construction projects. Below are additional details about quantity surveying, including specific roles and responsibilities, industry relevance, and the benefits it provides. (Brook, 2016) 1. Cost Planning and Estimation Quantity surveyors are responsible for preparing detailed cost plans, estimates, and budgets for construction projects. This helps stakeholders make informed decisions about project viability and design options. 2. Procurement and Tendering They advise on procurement strategies and prepare tender documentation. They also evaluate contractor bids to ensure competitiveness and value for money. 3. Value Engineering Quantity surveyors focus on optimizing project value by balancing costs, functionality, and quality. This involves identifying cost-effective solutions without compromising on project objectives. 4. Contract Administration They manage contractual relationships, draft contract agreements, and ensure compliance with contractual terms throughout the project's lifecycle. 5. Risk Management Quantity surveyors identify, assess, and manage financial risks to ensure projects remain on track and within budget. 6. Industry Relevance In modern construction practices, the role of a quantity surveyor is increasingly vital due to rising material costs, complex project designs, and the need for sustainable construction practices. Project Estimation is a critical process in construction and project management that involves forecasting the costs, resources, time, and effort required to complete a project successfully. It ensures that projects are economically viable, feasible, and deliver value within the allocated budget and time constraints. (Burgess & White, 2011) Key Components of Project Estimation: 1. Cost Estimation Involves calculating direct costs (materials, labor, equipment) and indirect costs (overheads, taxes, and contingencies). Cost estimation ensures the financial feasibility of the project and helps in securing funding. 2. Resource Estimation Determining the type and quantity of resources required, such as materials, equipment, and workforce. Resource allocation directly impacts the project's timeline and budget. 3. Time Estimation Estimating the duration required for completing individual tasks and the entire project. Critical for developing realistic project schedules and milestones. 4. Risk Estimation Assessing potential risks and incorporating contingencies in the project plan. Helps to minimize the impact of unforeseen events on the project's budget and timeline. 5. Methods of Estimation Preliminary Estimate: Used during the initial planning stages to determine feasibility. Detailed Estimate: Provides an accurate breakdown of costs based on specifications and designs. Parametric Estimation: Uses historical data and statistical models to estimate costs based on project size, complexity, or other factors. PREPARED BY: ENGR. MELANIE ROSE P. PASCUA  BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Bottom-Up Estimation: Involves estimating costs for individual tasks and summing them up for a total project estimate. Importance of Project Estimation: Provides a baseline for budgeting and scheduling. Ensures resource availability and allocation. Helps stakeholders make informed decisions. Minimizes risks associated with cost overruns and project delays. 1.2 Review of Specifications and Plans Details The review of specifications and plans is a critical phase in construction and engineering projects. This process ensures that the project complies with design intent, regulatory requirements, and stakeholder expectations. Specifications provide the technical requirements, while plans detail the layout and structure of the project. Together, they form the foundation for successful execution. (Hardin & McCool. 2015) Key Aspects of Reviewing Specifications and Plans: 1. Conformance to Standards and Codes Ensure that the specifications and plans meet relevant local and international building codes, safety standards, and regulations. Cross-check materials, design criteria, and structural requirements with applicable standards. 2. Accuracy and Completeness Verify that the plans include all necessary details such as dimensions, elevations, and cross-sections. Ensure specifications detail the materials, methods, and performance requirements without ambiguity. 3. Design Consistency Check for alignment between the plans and specifications. Any discrepancies between the two can lead to construction delays or cost overruns. Evaluate whether the plans integrate all aspects of the project, including architectural, structural, and MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) designs. 4. Feasibility Analysis Assess whether the proposed specifications and plans are practical and achievable within the given budget and timeline. Identify potential challenges in the constructability of the design. 5. Sustainability Considerations Review the incorporation of sustainable materials and practices in the project. Ensure energy efficiency and environmental compliance are addressed in the specifications. 6. Risk Identification Highlight areas that may pose risks, such as unclear details, material availability, or complex construction techniques. Recommend modifications to mitigate potential issues. Importance of Reviewing Specifications and Plans Ensures clarity and minimizes misinterpretation during execution. Reduces the likelihood of costly design changes during construction. Facilitates better communication between stakeholders, including architects, engineers, contractors, and clients. Supports effective project management and quality control. 1.3 Bidding in Construction Projects Bidding is the process by which contractors or suppliers submit proposals to execute specific work or supply materials for a construction project. It is a competitive process aimed at selecting the most qualified bidder, usually based on cost, quality, and compliance with project requirements. (Hinze, 2012) Key Stages of the Bidding Process: 1. Preparation of Bid Documents The project owner or client prepares bid documents, which typically include: Invitation to Bid: A formal announcement of the bidding opportunity. Specifications and Plans: Detailed descriptions of the work, materials, and standards required. Bill of Quantities (BOQ): A breakdown of work items with estimated quantities. Contract Conditions: Legal and financial terms for the project. PREPARED BY: ENGR. MELANIE ROSE P. PASCUA  BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 2. Bid Submission Interested contractors prepare and submit their bids by the specified deadline. Bids include pricing, project timelines, qualifications, and compliance with the requirements. 3. Bid Evaluation The client reviews submitted bids to assess: Price: The overall cost and breakdown. Technical Proposal: Adherence to specifications and construction methods. Qualifications: The bidder’s experience, resources, and track record. 4. Awarding the Contract The contract is awarded to the bidder who best meets the evaluation criteria, often the lowest responsible bidder or the one offering the best value. 5. Contract Finalization After selecting the winning bid, the client and contractor negotiate and finalize the contract details before signing. Types of Bidding 1. Open Bidding Open to all qualified contractors. Promotes transparency and competition but may attract a large number of bids. 2. Selective Bidding Limited to pre-qualified contractors based on criteria such as experience and financial capacity. 3. Negotiated Bidding The client negotiates directly with one or a few contractors, often for specialized or urgent projects. Importance of Bidding Encourages competition, leading to better pricing and quality. Provides transparency in contractor selection. Helps project owners identify contractors with the right qualifications and experience. 1.4 Bid Document in Construction A bid document is a formal collection of information and instructions prepared by a project owner or client to invite contractors or suppliers to submit proposals for a construction project. It serves as the basis for bidding and outlines the project’s scope, requirements, and terms. (Brook, 2016) Key Components of a Bid Document 1. Invitation to Bid A brief notice inviting contractors to participate in the bidding process. Includes the project name, location, and submission deadline. 2. Instructions to Bidders Guidelines for preparing and submitting bids, such as: ▪ Submission format. ▪ Required documents (e.g., company profile, financial statements, certifications). ▪ Deadline and location for submission. ▪ Evaluation criteria. 3. Project Scope and Description Detailed information about the project, including objectives, deliverables, and key milestones. 4. Specifications and Drawings Technical details, material requirements, and construction methods. Includes architectural, structural, and MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) plans. 5. Bill of Quantities (BOQ) A detailed list of work items with estimated quantities, allowing bidders to provide itemized pricing. 6. Bid Form A standard form that bidders use to submit their proposed prices and timelines. Ensures consistency and ease of comparison between bids. PREPARED BY: ENGR. MELANIE ROSE P. PASCUA  BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 7. General and Special Conditions of Contract General Conditions: Standard terms governing the contract, including payment schedules, dispute resolution, and termination clauses. Special Conditions: Project-specific requirements, such as penalties for delays or performance guarantees. 8. Schedule of Works (SOW) Timeline for project execution, specifying the duration of each phase or activity. 9. Qualification Requirements Minimum criteria for bidders, such as prior experience, financial stability, and technical expertise. 10. Addenda (if applicable) Any amendments or additional information issued during the bidding process. References: 1. Ashworth, A., & Perera, S. (2018). Cost Studies of Buildings (6th ed.). Routledge. 2. Brook, M. (2016). Estimating and Tendering for Construction Work (5th ed.). Routledge. 3. Burgess, G., & White, G. (2011). Managing Risks in Construction Projects. Wiley-Blackwell. 4. Hardin, B., & McCool, D. (2015). BIM and Construction Management: Proven Tools, Methods, and Workflows (2nd ed.). Wiley. 5. Hinze, J. (2012). Construction Contracts. McGraw-Hill Education. 6. Brook, M. (2016). Estimating and Tendering for Construction Work (5th ed.). Routledge. PREPARED BY: ENGR. MELANIE ROSE P. PASCUA