Psychology Questions and Answers PDF

✔️ What is psychology? Psychology is the study of mind and behavior. ✔️Greek word The word “psychology” comes from the... ✔️Philosophy Beginning of psychology is … ✔️basic theories, principles and methods of psychology. General psychology is the study of the … ✔️ Sports psychology is the… s...

✔️ What is psychology? Psychology is the study of mind and behavior. ✔️Greek word The word “psychology” comes from the... ✔️Philosophy Beginning of psychology is … ✔️basic theories, principles and methods of psychology. General psychology is the study of the … ✔️ Sports psychology is the… study of how psychological factors influence sports, athletic performance, exercise, and physical activity. ✔️ What is a Psychologist? Scientists, researchers, therapists and clinicians whose study of human behavior helps to addresses many contemporary issues related to interpersonal relationships, public health, crime and terrorism, education, the economy, and healthcare. ✔️ What is the psyche? Totality of the human mind, conscious and unconscious. ✔️thoughts, feelings, and beliefs. What do mental processes include? ✔️brain Which organ is the main one in our body according to psychology? ✔️1879 In what year was the first psychological laboratory opened? ✔️ Personality psychology focuses on … understanding how personality develops as well as the patterns of thoughts, behaviors, and characteristics that make each individual unique. Five personality factors that contribute to the formation and development of a human ✔️ personality is... Biological, Social, Cultural, Physical, Situational ✔️Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism What are the big five dimensions of personality? ✔️ Extraversion is … Excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, and high amounts of emotional expressiveness. What are the functions of the Ego? ✔️ Acts as both a conduit for and a check on the id, working to meet the id’s needs in a socially appropriate way. ✔️ Temperament is … Set of genetically determined psychic qualities a person possesses. ✔️Choleric, Sanguine, Phlegmatic, Melancholic. The basic types of temperament are: ✔️The ability to monitor and manage your energy states, emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Self-regulation is … ✔️Physical, Emotional, Mental, Social. Self-regulation involves the whole person including 4 aspects: ✔️Planning, Monitoring, Reflection. Self-regulation methods: ✔️ Motive (or motivation) is … a need, want, interest, or desire that propels someone (or an organism) in a certain direction. ✔️ Motivational psychology is a study of … how biological, psychological, and environmental variables contribute to motivation. ✔️ Self-motivation is … generally driven by intrinsic motivation that comes from a sincere wish to achieve and the desire for the inherent rewards associated with it. ✔️ What kind of process is motivation? Internal process ✔️the motivation to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual. Intrinsic motivation is … ✔️refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards. Extrinsic motivation … ✔️ Emotion is … often defined as a complex state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes which in their turn influence thoughts and behavior. ✔️ Tips for Improving EI: Listen, Empathize, Reflect ✔️Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Motivation, Empathy, Social Skills. Five components of Emotional Intelligence: ✔️how emotions manifest in humans. The Emotional psychology studies … ✔️ What are feelings? are subjective, evaluative, and independent of the sensations, thoughts, or images evoking them. ✔️ Feeling can be defined as … a person’s response to the emotion that comes from the perception of a situation. ✔️ Emotional insulation … a defense mechanism characterized by seeming indifference and detachment in response to frustrating situations or disappointing events. ✔️ Aggression … behavior aimed at harming others physically or psychologically. ✔️an emotion of joy, gladness, satisfaction, and well-being. Happiness … ✔️the ability of an individual to modulate an emotion or set of emotions. Emotion regulation … ✔️ Health Psychology is … area that focuses on how biology, psychology, behavior and social factors influence health and illness. ✔️ When did the psychology of health arise? 1970 ✔️ Goals of Health Psychology: understanding behavioral and contextual factors for health and illness, preventing illness, finding treatments to manage pain. ✔️ Psychosomatic … characterizing an approach based on the belief that a psychological component operates in the cause of somatic disturbances. ✔️ A psychosomatic disorder is … a disease which involves both mind and body. ✔️ Which emotions did Paul Ekman suggest in 1972? ✔️ Happiness ✔️ ✔️ Sadness Fear ✔️ Disgust ✔️ Surprise Anger ✔️ What does the 'Broaden-and-Build Theory' of positive emotions propose? Positive emotions broaden our awareness and encourage novel, varied, and exploratory thoughts and actions Charles Darwin’s views on emotions (from "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and ✔️ Animals") ✔️ Emotional expressions are universal and biologically inherited Emotions evolved to serve adaptive functions for survival ✔️ Frowning and furrowed brows Facial expression associated with anger? ✔️ Keith Beasley Who first used the term EQ? Which theory argues physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously ✔️ and independently? Cannon-Bard theory ✔️ Feelings are the result of emotions How are feelings defined? ✔️ A brief, involuntary facial expression that shows a true emotion What is a 'microexpression'? ✔️ Three components of emotion: ✔️ Subjective experience ✔️ Behavioral or expressive response Physiological response ✔️ What does EQ determine? How individuals interact with and treat people in their lives and how they cope with pressures or crises ✔️ Can emotions influence rational thinking? ✔️ Emotions can influence decision-making, even if they are not directly related Negative emotions can increase caution and risk avoidance ✔️ Emotion Darwin's initial focus in studies on facial recognition: ✔️ To communicate with others Primary function of basic emotions: ✔️ Fear Basic emotion associated with fight-or-flight: ✔️ Role of emotions according to Darwin: ✔️ Emotions help individuals respond adaptively Emotions are shared across species and have evolutionary significance ✔️ Define emotional development: Gradual increase in the ability to experience, express, and interpret emotions ✔️ Define emotional cognition: The ability to recognize and interpret the emotions of others ✔️ Fear Universal basic emotion per Ekman: ✔️ Behavioral, cognitive, and physiological patterns in response to a stimulus How would you define emotions? ✔️ Happiness Universal facial expression of emotion (Ekman): ✔️ Emotional intelligence Term for identifying, assessing, controlling emotions: ✔️ What distinguishes Darwin’s approach to emotions? ✔️ Emotions are biologically inherited traits Emphasized evolutionary continuity between animals and humans ✔️ Methods Darwin used in emotion study: ✔️ Observed facial expressions in humans and animals Analyzed photographs of emotional reactions ✅ Social psychology primarily focuses on: Group behavior, social influences on individual behavior, attitudes, prejudice, conformity, aggression, and related topics ✅ A person who is calm, emotionally stable, and rarely experiences mood swings exhibits: Emotional stability ✅ Analytic psychology Carl Jung’s system of psychoanalysis is called: The study of changes in physical, cognitive, and socioemotional processes throughout life is ✅ called: Developmental psychology A person who is impulsive, prone to emotional instability, and easily experiences negative ✅ emotions exhibits: Neuroticism ✅ Openness Individuals who are imaginative, curious, and open to new experiences exhibit: ✅ Conscious and unconscious mind According to Freud, the human mind is structured into: ✅ External and internal motivation The types of motivation are: The part of the mind that operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification ✅ is: Id ✅ Self-motivation The best kind of motivation is: ✅ The biological substrates of behavior and mental states Biological psychology studies: ✅ Characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique Personality is defined as: ✅ Motivation that is driven by external rewards Extrinsic motivation is: ✅ Openness Individuals who are highly analytical, logical, and enjoy problem-solving often exhibit: ✅ An individual's intensity, direction, and persistence towards achieving a goal Motivation is defined as: The psychologist who explained motivation through the satisfaction of needs arranged in a ✅ hierarchical order is: Abraham Maslow ✅ It operates at an unconscious level and focuses solely on instinctual drives and desires The function of the Id is: ✅ Intrinsic motivation Basic biological needs, like food and water, are categorized as: The psychologist who proposed the concept of the unconscious mind and the theory of ✅ psychoanalysis is: Sigmund Freud ✅ Factors that are related to personal enjoyment and satisfaction Intrinsic motivators are: