CC101 REVIEWER.pdf

CC101-Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS Advantages of Using Computers Disadvantages of Using Computers A World of Computers Advantages...

CC101-Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS Advantages of Using Computers Disadvantages of Using Computers A World of Computers Advantages Disadvantages Computers are everywhere 1. Speed Health Risks 2. Reliability Violation of Privacy What Is a Computer? 3. Consistency Public Safet A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of 4. Storage Impact on the Labor Force instructions stored in its memory. 5. Communications Impact on the Environment Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer. Strategies include: 1. Recycling The Components of a Computer 2. Regulating manufacturing processes A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components 3. Extending the life of computers known as hardware. 4. Immediately donating or properly disposing of the replaced computer Input Device Networks and the Internet Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer A network is a collection of computers and devices connected, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media Output Device Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people Types of Network MAN (Metropolitan)- Large city System Unit WAN (Wide)- Office Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data LAN (Local)- Small geographic area, same building, Home WiFi. SAN (Storage)- a network of storage devices accessed by multiple Storage Device servers or computers, providing a shared pool of storage space. Records (writes) and retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media PAN (Personal)- Provides data transmission among devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets and personal digital assistants Communications Device VPN (Virtual Private Network)- A private network across one or Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to multiple other networks that are either untrusted or need to be isolated. and from one or more computers or mobile devices Internet Programmer is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of Develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and process data into information individuals. Categories of Computers People use the Internet for a variety of reasons: Personal Computers 1. Communicate A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself 2. Research and Access Information Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple Desktop computer. 3. Shop Bank and Invest 4. Online Trading Mobile Computer 5. Entertainment The personal computer you can carry from place to place. 6. Download Videos Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, 7. Share Information ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs. 8. Web Application Mobile Device Social networking Web site Computing device small enough to hold in your hand. Encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, Examples include smart phones and PDAs, ebook readers, handheld music, and videos with other registered users. computers, portable media players, and digital cameras. Game console Computer Software A mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to games. perform and how to perform them. Server controls System Software Access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network Operating system Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and Utility program information. Application Software Mainframe Software designed to handle specific tasks for users. A large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously. Installing Supercomputer Setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other Is the fastest, most powerful computer hardware. The fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second. Embedded computer Computer Applications in Society A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product. Education Finance Government Health Care Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing Elements of an Information System 1. Hardware 2. Software 3. Data 4. People 5. Procedures Examples of Computer Usage  CC101-CHAPTER 2 THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB ISP (Internet service provider) Regional- Geographic area. The Internet Nationa- Cities and towns. A worldwide collection of networks. Links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational Online service provider (OSP) institutions, and individuals. Many members but only features Ex: American Online and Microsoft Network Evolution of the Internet The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main Wireless Internet service provider goals: Provides wireless connections. 1. Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and Requires wireless modem. work together. 2. Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a IP address disaster. A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet 1969 ARPANET becomes functional. Ex. 192.168.0.1 1984 ARPANET has more than 1,000 individual computers linked as hosts. In 1986, NSF connected NSFnet to ARPANET, known as the Internet. Domain name 1995 NSFNet terminates its network on the Internet and resumes its status as Text version of an IP address– Top-level domain (TLD) a research network. EX: www.google.com 1996 Internet is founded. Today More than 550 million hosts connect to the Internet. DNS server Domain name into its associated IP address. Each organization is responsible only for maintaining its own network – The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees research and Examples of TLD sets guidelines and standards.gov- Government agencies Internet2 connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via.edu- Education a high-speed private network..com- Commercial organization Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via.org- Nonprofit organizations high-speed broadband Internet service..tel- Internet communications..travel- Travel agencies Cable Internet service-.biz- Business DSL- Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)- Fiber Optic World Wide Web, or Web Fixed wireless - V- shape antenna Consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages). Cellular Radio Network- Web site Wi-Fi- Radio signals Collection of related Web pages and associated items. Satellite Internet Service- Satellite to satellite Web server Access provider A computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer. A business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee. Web 1.0- Read only Search operators Web 2.0- User interactions Can help to refine your search. Wen 3.0- Read and Write. Example: Space/+ (art+music)- Both arts and music Web browser, or browser, OR (dogORpuppy)- It either dog or puppy Allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs. () (dogORpuppy)- Combines hits that includes specific words. Ex: Microsoft Edge, Google chrome, Safari, Opera, Firefox. “” (19th century)- Result is specific 19th century * (writer*)- Results include any words starting with a writer like a writer. Home page writers, write’s. The first page that a Web site displays. 13 Types of websites Web pages provide links to other related Web pages 1. Portal – Surfing the Web 2. News 3. Informational Downloading 4. Business/Marketing The process of receiving information. 5. Blog 6. Wiki Some Web pages are designed specifically for microbrowsers. 7. Online Social Network 8. Educational URL or Web address 9. Entertainment Web page unique address. 10. Advocacy 11. Web Application Tabbed browsing 12. Content Aggregator Allows you to open and view multiple Web pages. 13. Personal Two types of search tools Multimedia Search engine- Finds information related to a specific topic. Refers to any application that combines text with: Subject Directory- Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories. 1. Graphics 2. Animation The search engine helps locate: 3. Audio Images 4. Video Videos 5. Virtual Reality Audio Publications Graphic Maps Digital representation of nontext information. Business/people Example: BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF Instant Search box Thumbnail Eliminate the steps of displaying the search engine’s Web page prior to The small version of a larger graphic. entering the search text Animation Appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence. Audio Instant messaging (IM) Includes music, speech, or any other sound Real-time Internet communications service. – Compressed to reduce file size Chat You listen to audio on your computer using a player Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer Streaming Chat room The process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow. Location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other. Video VoIP (Voice over IP)/ Internet telephony Consists of images displayed in motion Enables users to speak to other users over the Internet. Virtual reality (VR) Newsgroup Use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as Online area in which users have written discussions about. a three-dimensional space. Message board Plug-in Web-based type of discussion group Extends the capability of a Web browser. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Web Publishing Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other Development and maintenance of Web pages. computers on the Internet E-commerce FTP server The business transaction occurs over an electronic network. Computer that allows users to upload and/or download files using FTP. Example: Netiquette C2C- Consumer to Consumer Internet behavior. B2B- Business to Business B2C- Business to Consumer E-mail Transmission of messages and files via a computer network E-mail Program Allows you to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages. Mailing list Group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name Subscribing- adds your e-mail name and address Unsubscribing- removes your name  CC102-CHAPTER 3 Application Software Developing a document Application software 1. Create- Enter text, Insert images Consists of programs to make users more productive 2. Edit- Inserting, deleting, copying, pasting 3. Format- Font, Font size. To make business activities more efficient To assist with graphics and multimedia projects Spreadsheet software To support home, personal, and educational tasks Organize data in rows and columns and perform calculations. To facilitate communications Function Available in a variety of forms: The predefined formula that performs common calculations. Packaged software EX: sum, average, rate, date, round Custom software Web application Charting Open source software Depicts data in a spreadsheet in graphical form. Shareware Freeware Database Public-domain software Collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data System software Serves as the interface between the user, the application software, and the Database software computer’s hardware. Ex: Utility programs Allows users to create, access, and manage a database. Business software Presentation software Application software that assists people while performing business activities Allows users to create visual aids for presentations. Word processing software Note-taking software Allows users to create and manipulate documents Enables users to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches anywhere on a page. Clip art Collection of electronic drawings, photos, and other images. Software suite Collection of individual programs available together as a unit Other features of word processor: 1. AutoCorrect Personal information manager (PIM) 2. AutoFormat Application software that includes 3. Collaboration 1. Appointment calendar 4. Columns 2. Address book 5. Grammar Checker 3. Notepad 6. Ink Input 7. Macros Scaled down versions of software are available to work with smart 8. Mail Merge phones and other mobile devices. 9. Reading Layout 10. Research Project management software Web Applications To plan, schedule, track, and analyze the events, resources, and costs of a Web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any project. computer. Accounting software Application Software for Communications Helps companies record and report their financial transactions. 1. Web Browser 2. E-Mail Document management software 3. Instant Messaging Provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching through documents 4. Chat Room by converting them into a format that can be viewed by any user. 5. VoIP Enterprises Learning Tools for Application Software Require special computing solutions for various functional units. 1. Human resources Online Help 2. Accounting Electronic equivalent of a user manual. 3. Engineering 4. Manufacturing Web-based 5. Marketing Sales Training is a type of CBT that uses Internet technology and consists of 6. Distribution application software on the Web. 7. Customer service 8. Information Technology Distance learning (DL) Delivery of education at one location while the learning takes place at other Graphics and Multimedia Software locations. 1. Computer-aided design (CAD) software 2. Desktop publishing software 3. Paint/Image editing software 4. Professional photo editing software 5. Video and audio editing software 6. Multimedia authoring software Web page authoring software Helps users of all skill levels create Web pages that include multimedia and interactive content. Software for Home, Personal, and Educational Use Personal finance software Legal software Tax preparation software Personal paint/image editing software Personal photo editing software Clip art/image gallery Video and audio editing software Home design/landscaping software