Cardiovascular System PDF

Cardiovascular System By: Mainit and Samulde  The circulatory system (cardiovascular system) pumps blood from the heart to the lungs to get oxygen. The heart then sends oxygenated blood through arteries to the rest of the body....

Cardiovascular System By: Mainit and Samulde  The circulatory system (cardiovascular system) pumps blood from the heart to the lungs to get oxygen. The heart then sends oxygenated blood through arteries to the rest of the body. The veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart to start The Heart  The Heart is a muscular organ in the thoracic cavity that pumps blood through vessels in the body. It consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The heart is split into a left and a right side, with each side having one atrium and one ventricle. The interventricular septum divides the heart into the left and right ventricles, and the interatrial septum divides the left and right  The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava. The right atrium then pumps the blood into the right ventricle. The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and then pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk which then goes to the lungs. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the four pulmonary veins and then pumps blood into the left ventricle. The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and then pumps blood into the aorta. This blood goes around the systemic circulation (rest of the body) and returns to the right atrium. Blood Vessels ❑ Arteries ❑ Veins ❑ Capillaries  Arteries Arteries are thin, muscular tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and to every part of your body. The aorta is the body’s largest artery. It starts at the heart and travels up the chest (ascending aorta) and then down into the stomach (descending aorta). The coronary arteries branch off the aorta, which then branches into  Veins These blood vessels return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart. Veins start small (venules) and get larger as they approach your heart. Two central veins deliver blood to your heart. The superior vena cava carries blood from the upper body (head and arms) to the heart. The inferior vena cava brings blood up from the lower body (stomach, pelvis, and legs) to the heart. Veins in the legs have valves to keep blood from flowing backward.  Capillaries These blood vessels connect very small arteries (arterioles) and veins (venules). Capillaries have thin walls that allow oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products to pass into and out of cells. Blood Blood is a constantly circulating fluid that provides the body with nutrition, oxygen, and waste removal. Blood is mostly liquid, with numerous cells and proteins suspended in it, making it "thicker" than pure water. The average person has about 5 liters (more than a gallon) of blood. Properties of Blood Color Viscosity Amount Ph-7.35 to 7.45  Color Dark Purple (Deoxygenated) Viscosity Red (Oxygenated) Made of plasma Formed Elements Amount 5 Liters pH Neutral pH  Heart Location Why isn't the heart symmetrical?  Chambers of the Heat Heart is composed of four chambers The superior receiving chambers that receive blood from blood vessels returning blood to the heart called veins, are called atria The inferior pumping chambers that eject the blood vessels called arteries are called ventricles. Cardiovascular Disease Heart Vascular Disease Disease Coronary Artery Disease Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup in the wall of the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries). Plaque is made up of cholesterol deposits. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over  Myocardial Infarction Also called as "Heart Attack" happens when the blood supply to part of your heart muscle becomes completely blocked. This is most commonly caused by a piece of fatty Carotid Artery Disease Occurs when fatty deposits (plaques) clog the blood vessels that deliver blood to your brain and head (carotid arteries). Pulmonary Embolism A blockage of one of the main arteries in your lungs, often caused by deep vein thrombosis (a blood clot). The most common symptoms of a pulmonary embolism are sudden shortness of breath or sharp THANK YOU!