Cardiovascular Physiology PDF

CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY: VASCULAR SYSTEM ABI 3213 – GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY Department of Biological Sciences  CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Heart Blood vessels Blood  SYSTOLIC PRESSURE pressure created when ventricles contract  DIASTOLIC PRESSURE...

CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY: VASCULAR SYSTEM ABI 3213 – GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY Department of Biological Sciences  CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Heart Blood vessels Blood  SYSTOLIC PRESSURE pressure created when ventricles contract  DIASTOLIC PRESSURE pressure that is created by the recoil of the aorta and closure of aortic semilunar valve  CAPILLARY EXCHANGE velocity of blood flow cross sectional area of capillaries exchange processes: diffusion & transcytosis pressures: filtration & colloid osmotic pressure some capillaries have gaps (intercellular clefts) plasma membrane not joined by tight junctions fenestrations of some capillaries  READING ASSIGNMENT Mean Arterial Pressure Local, Hormonal, Renal and Neural Controls of Mean Arterial Pressure  VARIATIONS IN BLOOD PRESSURE Human normal range is variable Normal 130–110 mm Hg systolic 80–75 mm Hg diastolic Hypotension low systolic (below 110 mm Hg) often associated with illness Hypertension high systolic (above 140 mm HG) can be dangerous if it is chronic  CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY: BLOOD & HEMOSTASIS ABI 3213 – GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY Department of Biological Sciences  BLOOD FUNCTIONS transportation regulation protection plasma blood cells red white blood cell blood cell platelet  BLOOD PLASMA (55%) Components Water (91-92%) – acts as solvent Plasma proteins (7-8%) – defense, clotting, lipid transport, extracellular fluid volume albumin globulin fibrinogen Ions, sugars, lipids, amino acids, vitamins (1-2%) PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS  RED BLOOD CELLS 7 µm in size; biconcave disc anucleated; without organelles cannot reproduce with hemoglobin plasma membrane with specific glycolipids production in the bone marrow  ERYTHROPOIESIS production of RBC requires iron, folic acid & vitamin B12 Iron – element in which oxygen binds with hemoglobin; stored as ferritin in liver Folic acid – required to synthesize thymine; important in DNA formation & cell division Vitamin B12 – required for folic acid function needs intrinsic factor to be absorbed  ERYTHROPOIESIS regulated by erythropoietin secreted by the kidneys acts on the bone marrow to stimulate proliferation of progenitor cells Anemia – decrease in the number of erythrocytes or Hb concentration Polycythemia – increased number of erythrocytes  ANEMIA Iron deficiency anemia (dietary deficiency of iron, Vit B12 or folic acid) Bone marrow failure Blood loss (hemorrhage) Inadequate secretion of erythropoietin Excessive destruction of erythrocytes (sickle cell anemia) RBC LIFE CYCLE LEUKOCYTES LEUKOCYTES 38 Figure 26.4b Eosinophil. Figure 26.4c Basophil. 40 Figure 26.4e Monocyte. 41 Figure 26.4f Lymphocyte. 42