Cardiac Function 2020-2021 PDF

Cardiac Function Dr.Ahmed Saadi 2020-2021 The Heart & Functions  The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions.  Size of human fist  Weighs 250-350 g o The primary function of the heart is to pump blood in o...

Cardiac Function Dr.Ahmed Saadi 2020-2021 The Heart & Functions  The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions.  Size of human fist  Weighs 250-350 g o The primary function of the heart is to pump blood in order to generate and sustain an arterial blood pressure necessary to provide adequate perfusion of organs. Common Symptoms of Heart Disease  Dyspnea ‫ضيق التنفس‬  Chest pain  Cyanosis ‫الزرقة‬  Palpitations ‫الخفقان‬  Fatigue ‫التعب‬  Edema Heart Diseases  1-Congenital heart disease or Congenital Cardiovascular Defects (CCVDs)  Abnormalities arising from the abnormal formation of the heart or its major blood vessels  2-Congestive heart failure  clinical syndrome that results from any disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood  3-Hypertensive heart disease  a general term used to describe heart diseases caused by direct or indirect effects of elevated BP  Hypertension is defined as persistent systolic blood pressure (BP) of at least 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic pressure of at least 90 mm Hg Heart Diseases  4-Acute Coronary Syndromes  a general term used to describe the following series of events:  Angina (‫(الذبحة الصدرية‬, reversible tissue injury, myocardial infarction (MI), and extensive tissue necrosis.  The major cause of ACS is atherosclerosis Role of Laboratory  This is performed through analysis of body chemistry metabolites, such as:  1-Lipid profile test  total cholesterol,  high-density lipoprotein  Low –density cholesterol,  high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.  Risk factor assessment enables health-care professionals to educate the patient and to start activities that will reduce risk for an AMI. Laboratory Diagnosis of AMI  2-Enzymes  Creatine kinase "CK"  Involved in the transfer of energy in muscle metabolism.  3-Myoglobin  Itstarts to rise within 2-4 h and is detectable in all AMI patients between 6-9 h from chest pain onset. Cardiac Proteins 4-Troponin  The preferred biomarkers for assessment of myocardial necrosis  The major function of troponins is to bind calcium and regulate muscle contraction. Case Study  Joe is an overweight 57-year-old male who was mowing his lawn when he experienced a sharp chest pain along with pain in his left arm.  His wife rushed him to the hospital, fearing that he was having a heart attack.  In the clinic, the physician examined Joe and sent him for electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood work.  The blood is processed in the clinical laboratory and the serum is tested for troponins, creatine kinase (CK), and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB). Comment  All of these cardiac biomarkers are elevated.  There is a high likelihood that Joe had a myocardial infarction.  These results, combined with ECG, history, and physical examination, were used to make the diagnosis of AMI.