Cardiac Anatomy PDF

Cardiac System ANATOMY 1110 HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/UDRGVZJSLPQ  Happy Vet Tech Week https://youtu.be/kMU0GzbD6SQ  Objectives Discuss the anatomy of the cardiovascular system Identify the heart chambers and valves Label and Identify the...

Cardiac System ANATOMY 1110 HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/UDRGVZJSLPQ  Happy Vet Tech Week https://youtu.be/kMU0GzbD6SQ  Objectives Discuss the anatomy of the cardiovascular system Identify the heart chambers and valves Label and Identify the coverings of the heart Identify the major blood vessels associated with the heart Discuss flow of blood through the heart Review Pleura Review Anatomy of thorax Discuss what the Coronary system Identify the different types of blood vessels  Anatomy Location Lies within the thoracic cavity within the mediastinum space in thoracic space Canine Ovoid shape 3rd and 6th intercostal space Long axis lays at a 45 degree angle to the sternum  Base is directed craniodorsally m Apex lies to the left of the midline of the diaphragm and sternum Heart is almost completely surrounded by the lungs  heart lies more acute Feline between 6 7 ribs Extends from the 3rd to 4th and to the 6th and 7th ribs The angle of the heart in the thoracic cavity is more acute  Membranes Pericardium Fibrous skin Yer layer of sac Sternopericardiac ligament outer Serous internal layer of sac carryingheart Epicardium The layer between the fibrous and serous layer is called the Pericardial cavity oaru Myocardium muscle of heart Endocardium inside lining of heart  Chambers and Valves Four chambers ftp.imkftiim Right and left atria atrium 2 Accept blood pumped to heart Foramen ovale-(fetal) Feniiie opening between right & left Atria t.it Right and left ventricles Pumps blood away from the heart Divided in to right and left halves by the interatrial and interventricular septum  Vessels Artery 3 veins Aort i Paleemsuscles Artery goingaway from heart Always Veins no pulsing no muscle Aorta delivers blood to body  Vessels Associated with Right Side of the Heart Pulmonary artery- associated with right ventricle carries blood to lungs AtPulmonary Artery un e oxygenated s to become oxygenated To Vena cava-associated with right atrium cranial vena cava caudal vena cava  Right Atrium Receives unoxygenated blood from the cranial and caudal vena cava s T It holds the unoxygenated blood until it is pumped to the right ventricle oo e Right atrioventricular valve (AV) or tricuspid valve RY Right Atrioventricular value Rt Atrium Triscupid TricuspicValue During ventricular contraction (systole) the valve closes (AV/tricuspid) aids in bloodbeingpumped murmur bloodleaking back to in right direction Rightatrium The valve consists of: tricuspid value Three leaflets three Papillary muscles leaflets holdthevalue together help it contract  Right Ventricle Pumps unoxygenated blood into the low-pressure pulmonary circulation Body Lung fightsteofheart Always UNoxygenated 6 66h 1 If It  Pulmonic Valves Semilunar valve Pulmonary artery delivers unoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs It branches to form left and right pulmonary arteries Us_ lung lobes that go to the respective e They have corresponding bronchi values semilunar  Fetal Blood flow babies that happens because mother is passing heart opening in oxygenated bloody us Ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta By passing the lungs & left side of the heart (atrium & ventricle) Connects the left branch of the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta, after birth it closes and becomes (fibrosed) and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum after birth hhappensafterbirt Patent ductus arteriosus rance Birth defect sitfifeispt.at  receives holds blood Left Left Atrium two one Receives and hold oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins e Bottomended Located on left dorsocaudal aspect of the heart base above the left ventricles bottom half Artium is on top of ventricles Always Valve- MitralValue Left AV or mitral left AV Mitralvalue YjᵗTwo leaflets openings  relaxationfontractions During diastole the left AV/Mitral valve opens Diastole- Relaxation contraction phases of the heart 383 Systole contraction phase Mitral valve has 2 leaflets I Malfunction of the Left AV/Mitral valve is the most common cause of congested heart failure in a dog Cardiomyopathy congestive heart failure  biggerthanrightventricle Left Ventricle 89g carry Pumping chamber Largest structure of the heart 2-3 times thicker than the right ventricle Conical in shape  veins oxygenated Pulmonary ductu arteriosus in babies  Normal Heart Sounds (“lub-dub”) lub”: S1 Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular systole Mitral valve is loudest on the left side of the chest; tricuspid valve is best heard on the right “dub”: S2 Closure of the semilunar valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole Easiest to hear on the left side of the chest  Aortic Valve Semilunar cusp Second most common congenital heart defect problem is aortic stenosis  Aorta Largest artery in the body - largest diameter and thickest vessel walls Artery wall layers are similar to the walls of the heart Aorta and pulmonary arteries - middle layer contains more elastic fibers than muscle fibers Allows vessels to stretch slightly as they receive high-pressure blood from the ventricles  Aorta Three segments: Ascending Aortic arch Descending  https://media.giphy.com/media/oStBM1ANst5 2U/giphy.gif  Sinoatrial Node (SA node) Specialized area of cardiac muscle cells located in right atrium Generates electrical impulses that trigger repeated beating of the heart  Coronary System Coronary arteries arise from the aorta Arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium https://www.lbah.com/word/heart-anatomy- physiology/ https://www.lbah.com/word/canine/heart-diseases- and-their-treatment/  Blood Vessels Arteries-carries blood away from the heart Aorta and pulmonary arteries consist mainly of elastic fibers (aids in propelling) Arterioles Smaller arterioles composed of mainly smooth muscle Diameter is controlled by autonomic nervous system  Veins Constructed like arteries Largest veins have a small amount of smooth muscle Venules  Capillaries Smallest blood vessels Only have one layer and that is the endothelium Sites of exchange between the blood and tissues  Vessels Smaller arteries continue to split into smaller and smaller vessels and then arterioles Blood flows through arterioles into tiny, thin-walled capillaries. Capillaries have no muscle layer in their walls. Blood travels back to the heart through small venules which merge to form vein  Vascular Anatomy and Physiology Blood in the systemic circulation is under higher pressure than blood in the pulmonary or coronary circulation. Higher pressure is needed to carry blood throughout the body. Blood in systemic circulation encounters more resistance to flow  Vascular Anatomy Venous blood is under lower pressure than arterial blood. Veins have thinner walls than arteries. Valves in veins ensure that blood travels only in the direction of the heart.  Smooth muscle in walls of most blood vessels Constriction and relaxation allows the vascular system to direct blood to different regions of the body under different circumstances.  Venous Collection The capillary beds connect the venules which form the larger veins which take the blood back to the heart Cranial vena cava collects blood: Head and neck from the jugular veins Forelimbs from the right and left subclavian veins Caudal vena cava collects blood: from the pelvic viscera, hind limbs and abdominal organs from the various veins that run alongside the arteries and deposits the blood into the right atrium  Vascular Anatomy Main trunk of the aorta arches dorsally then travels caudally Numerous branches emerge in the thoracic and lumbar areas  Branches of the Aorta Brachiocephalic trunk supplies blood to the head and neck through a pair of common carotids The right subclavian artery supplies the right forelimb Left subclavian artery supplies blood to the left forelimb  Venipuncture Cephalic vein: craniomedial aspect of forelimb Saphenous vein: medial aspect of hind limb of Cat Saphenous: lateral aspect of hind limb dog  Venipuncture Jugular Veins Ventral aspect of each side of the neck in the jugular groove Close to the carotid arteries Care must be taken to avoid accidental injection into the carotid artery  Review Identify the heart chambers and valves Identify the coverings of the heart Identify the major blood vessels associated with the heart What is the Pulmonary and the Coronary systems What are the different types of blood vessels Identify major blood vessels Feline  caudal vena cava starts cranial RightAtrium through triggpid Body it I.it iiiIiiiiiF ii it. RightventricleiieftventrideJ  left commoncarotid Brachiosephalic subclavianartery cranial left Aoitiimentarteriosum verdua pulmonaryartery auriaeofrt.atr TPiieifeftaii.it cardiacvein Arriaternright I_Great ventricle left coffee.ve FE B inEiei cardiacveins Apex venacava Pulmonaryveins RtAtrium LEFT ATRIUM TRI CUSPIDVALVE MITRALVALVE RtVENTRICLE LUNGS LEFT VENTRICLE valve pulmonary AORTIC VALVE PULMONARYARTERY AORTA BODY CAPILLARIES PULMONARYCAPILLARIES SYSTEMIC SYSTEMICVEINS