Carbohydrates in Human Health

🔇 Carbohydrates in Human Health Class Human Nutrition - DI1018 Created @January 20, 2025 9:03 PM Subject Lecture Reviewed Most of the carbohydrates (CHO) come from plants (Exce...

🔇 Carbohydrates in Human Health Class Human Nutrition - DI1018 Created @January 20, 2025 9:03 PM Subject Lecture Reviewed Most of the carbohydrates (CHO) come from plants (Except lactose in milk) Stored form of CHO is glycogen CHO-rich foods are, Cereals Rice Wheat Oats Classification of Carbohydrates Carbohydrates in Human Health 1  Starch All of the common polysaccharides contain glucose as the monosaccharide unit Natural starches are mixtures of, Amylose Amylopectin Amylose Unbranched glucose chain Resistant to digestion Prebiotics Source for healthy bacteria growth can undergo gelling and retrogradation rapidly Amylopectin Carbohydrates in Human Health 2  Branched glucose chain Not resistant to digest Low gelling ability and retrogradation Non starch polysaccharides Carbohydrates excluding starch and sugar plant structural components Dietary fiber Cellulose Pectin Gums Hemicelluloses Dietary Fiber indigestible portion of the plant Present in fruits vegetables grains Two main types Soluble - fermented in the colon Insoluble - absorbs water and gives bulk to feces Food Sources Soluble fiber - beans, oats, fruits, vegetables Insoluble fiber - whole grains, vegetables, grains Health benefits Maintain glucose levels Carbohydrates in Human Health 3  Reduce blood cholesterol prevents cancer reduce body weight Disadvantages of dietary fiber Reduce absorption of minerals Reduce energy intake Blotting Refined Carbohydrates Cereals with removed bran part Fibers and some micronutrients are removed with bran Advantages of refining Increase energy intake increase shelf life Increase palatability (Agree to taste and mind) Glycemic Index A numerical scale used to indicate how fast could a particular food raise blood glucose levels compared to pure glucose High GI foods are bad for diabetic patients Carbohydrates in Human Health 4  Functions of carbohydrates Major energy source Maintain blood glucose levels increases the satiety Maintain GI functions Health effects of excess Carbohydrates Obesity Tooth decay cancer hyperactivity in children diabetes Carbohydrates in Human Health 5  Digestion Starts in the mouth with salivary alfa amylase Then in the small intestine by pancreatic amylase simple sugars are directly absorbed in the small intestine it requires energy to absorb simple sugar Carbohydrates in Human Health 6