CAPS 12 Q2 0102 FD PDF

Unit 1: The Scientific Problem Lesson 1.2 Basic and Applied Research Contents Introduction 1 Learning Objectives 2 Warm Up 2 Learn about It!...

Unit 1: The Scientific Problem Lesson 1.2 Basic and Applied Research Contents Introduction 1 Learning Objectives 2 Warm Up 2 Learn about It! 4 Basic and Applied Research 4 Basic Research 4 Applied Research 5 Characteristics of Basic and Applied Research 6 Importance of Basic and Applied Research 7 Basic and Applied Researches in STEM 9 Key Points 11 Check Your Understanding 12 Challenge Yourself 13 Mini Task 13 Photo Credit 16 Bibliography 16 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem Lesson 1.2 Basic and Applied Research Introduction As students, we are educated to understand the basic principles behind different processes in organisms or phenomena in our surroundings. Basic courses in Science and Technology allow us to appreciate scientific principles in the form of theories and laws. With this basic understanding, we have explored and further enriched knowledge through different applications in our daily lives. This has allowed Science to be the very foundation of almost all inventions and discoveries in the past century. The application of scientific knowledge in solving our common problems in society resulted in the advancement of different science and technology fields such as medicine, communication, transportation, and many more. 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 1 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem The transition between basic scientific knowledge into applied work was only made possible through a series of scientific research conducted by those who seek to improve the quality of life that we have. In this lesson, students are expected to revisit the difference between basic and applied research. Through this, you are expected to understand the importance of both types of research in advancing the society that you are currently living in. Learning Objectives DepEd Competency In this lesson, you should be able to do the Differentiate applied and basic following: research problems Define applied and basic research (STEM_RP12-IIa-e-2). problems. Differentiate applied and basic research problems. Provide examples of applied and basic research in STEM. Warm Up Finding the Roots of Modern Discoveries 15 minutes Most of the modern discoveries that allowed the advancement of modern societies are based on basic scientific principles established by well-known scientists through systematic research. In this activity, students will be required to find the basic foundations of the given discoveries in our society. Materials laptop with an Internet connection journal articles manila paper marker 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 2 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem Procedure 1. Divide your class into five groups. 2. Have each group pick one of the items below, with no duplicates: a. Quantum Computer b. Vaccines c. Laser light d. Fire Hydrants e. Pesticides 3. Using laptop or library materials, look for five journal articles discussing the basic principles applied to discover your assigned topic. 4. For 20 minutes, discuss the journals you found and enumerate the basic principles behind your topic. Also, look into details on how the basic scientific principles were applied in discovering their assigned topic. 5. You may use Table 1.2.1. as a guide in presenting your synthesis. You must transfer the table to a sheet of Manila paper for the class presentation. 6. Conclude the activity by answering the guide questions. Data Table Table 1.2.1. Worksheet for enumerating basic principles behind modern discoveries Basic principles involved How is it applied in the discovery of the given topic? Guide Questions 1. What is scientific research? 2. How do you think basic scientific principles are formulated? 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 3 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem 3. Why do you think basic principles are important in society? 4. Do you think it is important for basic principles to be combined together and used to solve current problems in society? How do scientists usually do this? Learn about It! Basic and Applied Research As discussed in the previous lesson, scientific research is the process of systematic inquiry that has its foundation on scientific methods. The main purpose of scientific research is to generate scientific knowledge and utilize this information to improve the way of life. Scientific research serves as the main source of scientific knowledge, which is a generalized body of principles consisting of laws and theories that try to explain events happening in our surroundings. With the accumulation of generated theories and laws, scientists have eventually learned to explore its applications in solving real-life problems that we encounter in our society. In this part, theories and laws become the foundation of the new discoveries applied in a real-life situation to introduce innovation and improve the quality of life. This process led to the development of two types of scientific research, namely: basic and applied research. What makes applied research different from basic research? Basic Research Basic research, also referred to as fundamental or pure research, is a type of research that is mainly driven by a scientist's curiosity and scientific interest to answer scientific questions that are mostly observed in our surroundings. The primary objective of conducting basic research is to expand man's understanding of his environment. Its purpose is not primarily to invent. As a result, most of the time, products of basic research have no obvious commercial value. It usually cannot be directly applied in solving modern problems in society. Common examples of basic research investigations aim to understand answers related to the following questions: 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 4 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem How did life start to appear on Earth? How big is the universe? How did humans migrate from one continent to another in early times? What are theorems related to the generation time of radioactive chemical substances? Applied Research Applied research is a type of research that was conceptualized to solve practical real-life situations that we face in modern society. Unlike basic research, applied research aims to invent and create solutions to improve the human way of life. Outputs of applied research are more tangible in terms of function to society. These often involve commercial products to be utilized by a wider number of people. Common research problems being addressed through applied research may investigate the following: How can we improve overall agricultural crop production for food security? What is the most effective treatment to cure cancer? What are the ways to improve the energy production efficiency of solar panels? How can we develop mobile applications that can automate household tasks? The difference in the ways of questioning when doing basic and applied research 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 5 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem Characteristics of Basic and Applied Research To have a clear cut difference between the basic and applied research, this section will summarize the difference between the two types of research. At the end of this part, students are expected to properly identify different research topics that are considered as basic and applied research. Remember It is important to take note that both basic and applied research are highly dependent on one another. Table 1.2.2. Differences between basic and applied research Criteria Basic Research Applied Research Solves a particular life Objective Expand current knowledge problem Nature Theoretical and exploratory Practical and descriptive Scope Wider scope Specific scope Less associated with Association with More involved in technological technological advancement but Technology advancement may sometimes be applicable Relation to the future Predicts future events based on Solve future problems faced scenario observed phenomena by society Driving force Curiosity-driven Client-driven, based on needs Importance to Usually of less economic Usually of greater economic economy importance importance Often happens in an academic Often happens in an industrial Setting setting and commercial setting 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 6 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem Table 1.2.2. explains the differences between basic and applied research in different aspects based on their nature, objective, and importance to society. Overall, basic research is merely based on scientific curiosity and has less economic importance, while applied research deals with more specific problems that are relevant and timely to current societal conditions. Importance of Basic and Applied Research Currently, most people believe that shifting in emphasis away from basic research and toward applied science is needed. This is mainly due to the number of problems related to global warming, overpopulation, habitat destruction, food scarcity, and many more. These problems are now being prioritized to avoid further complications and sustain human populations. However, despite this current scenario in the research field, we cannot deny the relative importance of basic research as opposed to the applied investigative inquiry. Fig. 1.2.1. Examples of how basic research is transitioned into doing applied research 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 7 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem There are people who are still involved in conducting basic research. This is because of the belief that a basic understanding of different scientific fields is important to make sure that the expansion of scientific knowledge still takes place. To simplify, basic research is still important in providing a general foundation for applied science. It is important to take note that both types of research are highly dependent on one another with emphasis on the fact that basic work drives the spinning off of applied research in different fields. Several examples of how basic research is transitioned into applied research are shown in Fig. 1.2.1. and detailed below: In the field of physics, a basic understanding of electromagnetic radiation allowed the invention of lasers that are now being used in different applications in medicine, communication technology, and different devices that we use daily. One application in medicine is shown in Fig. 1.2.2. In the field of chemistry, a basic understanding of the properties of lipids allowed doctors to understand that it can cause blood vessel complications thus, letting them develop a specific cure for lipid-related diseases. In understanding cells, we often use fluorescent probes to mark different cell types. This marker known as green fluorescent protein (GFP) was developed based on the basic understanding of jellyfish. 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 8 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem The green fluorescent protein is visible under UV light. The mice on the left and the right have cells tagged with GFP. Lastly, the internet was invented based on the output of basic research that aims to expand our understanding of packet-switching theory in mathematics. These examples in different fields showcase the relative importance of both types of inquiry in expanding human knowledge and inventing tangible solutions to current societal problems. Why is applied research considered to be highly dependent on the outputs of basic research? Basic and Applied Researches in STEM Both applied and basic research are important in expanding different scientific fields. This part of the lesson enumerates common applied and basic research that are being conducted in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics in the Philippines. 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 9 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem Table 1.2.3. Sample research problems for major branches of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Research Field Research Problem Output Type A taxonomic survey of List of fish species present fish species present in Basic in Verde Island Passage in Verde Island Passage in Batangas Philippines Batangas, Philippines Biology Revising conservation Using taxonomic data in policies for fish present in drafting conservation Applied Verde Island Passage in policies of fish species in Batangas, Philippines protected marine areas Research Field Research Problem Output Type Determining the tensile Knowing the strength of Basic strength of graphene graphene materials for sheets different applications Chemistry Development of Using graphene properties graphene-based sheets Applied for making protective gear for making motorcycle for motorcycle riders helmets Research Field Research Problem Output Type Documenting laminar Understanding laminar Basic flow properties of water flows of water in pipelines in water supply pipelines Physics Application of laminar flow Use of laminar flow properties to make sure properties of water in Applied that there is more efficient improving water supply water flow in supply system in Metro Manila pipelines in Metro Manila 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 10 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem Research Field Research Problem Output Type Knowing patterns and Collecting traffic data in Basic trends in traffic data in Metro Manila Metro Manila Engineering, Mathematics, Application of traffic data and Technology Development of traffic in predicting traffic Applied prediction software for conditions in major roads Metro Manila Roads of Metro Manila What basic and applied research can you do to improve your specific scientific field of interest? Key Points ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Basic research is a type of research that is mainly driven by a scientist's curiosity and scientific interest to answer scientific questions that are mostly observed in our surroundings. Applied research is a type of research that was conceptualized to solve practical real-life situations that we face in modern society. Basic research is important in providing a general foundation for applied science. In many cases, basic work drives the spinning off of applied research in different fields. Utilizing basic research to fuel and improve applied research can be used to solve some of society’s problems. 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 11 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem Relationship between basic and applied research ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Check Your Understanding A. Identify a modern invention or discovery and enumerate the basic scientific knowledge that serves as the foundation for the identified applied research. Applied Invention Basic Foundation 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 12 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem B. Write the word ‘basic’ if the given research problem is basic research, otherwise, write the word ‘applied’. _______________ 1. Development of antibiotic drugs for E. coli resistant strains. _______________ 2. Understanding bird migration patterns in Cagayan, Philippines. _______________ 3. Constructing cement fillers from plastics wastes. _______________ 4. Water-Oil interaction in the ocean system. _______________ 5. Knowing the exact value of π. Challenge Yourself Answer the following questions. 1. How does basic research serve as the foundation of applied research? 2. What will happen to the outputs of basic research if there is no applied research? 3. What do you think will happen to society if there is no applied research? 4. What do you think is needed to increase the amount of applied research output in the Philippines? 5. How do humans benefit from both basic and applied research? Mini Task Is Your Project Worth It? Based on the basic or applied real-life problem you choose from the mini-task that you have worked on from the previous lesson, you must identify the possible reasons why you need to conduct such research. Materials worksheet a device with an internet connection 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 13 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem Procedure 1. The previous mini task should have allowed you to identify a good research problem. To validate the significance of the chosen study, you must enumerate the reasons why your chosen research problem must be conducted. 2. You must also identify direct beneficiaries of the results you can get out of your project. 3. Perform the task by completing Worksheet 1.2.. You can print the worksheet or edit the template by clicking the link below. a. Take note that you need to log in to your Gmail account after you click the link. Then, select “Make a copy.” b. Rename the file as specified by your teacher. You can move the file to your desired location in your Google Drive. Mini Task 1.2: Setting the Significance of Research Quipper Limited, “Mini Task 1.2: “Setting the Significance of Research,” (June 27, 2020), https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vDbTBruN70xGQ3_KH dPjxR1ii__Bp14cMer5HG7K7M8/copy, last accessed on June 27, 2020. 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 14 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem Worksheet 1.2. Setting the Significance of Research Identifying the Significance of Research Research Problem: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Research Statement: __________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Research Objectives: 1. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Reasons for Conducting the Study: 1. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Direct Beneficiaries of the Research Outputs: 1. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 15 Unit 1: The Scientific Problem Photo Credit GFP Mice 01 by Ingrid Moen et. al., is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Bibliography Alip, E. M. 1955. Fifty Years of Philippine Progress: A Study in the Making of a New Nation. The Journal of History, 3(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=4577. Good, C. V. and Douglas, E. 1954. Scates, Methods of Research—Educational, Psychological, Sociological. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. Hillway, T. 1964. Introduction to Research, 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Kaldewey, D. and Schauz, D. 2018. Basic and Applied Research: The Language of Science Policy in the Twentieth Century. Bonn: Berghahn Books, University of Bonn. Kothari, C.R. 1984. Quantitative Techniques, 2nd ed. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. 1.2. Basic and Applied Research 16