CAPM SIMUL 1.pdf

CAPM Exam Simulation, (https://sinergidayamitra.talentlms.com/dashboard)  (https://sinergidayamitra.talentlms.com/unit/view/id:14518) CAPM Exam Simulation 1  (https://sinergidayamitra.talentlms.com/unit/viewtestsurvey/id:14524,mode:test) More...

CAPM Exam Simulation, (https://sinergidayamitra.talentlms.com/dashboard)  (https://sinergidayamitra.talentlms.com/unit/view/id:14518) CAPM Exam Simulation 1  (https://sinergidayamitra.talentlms.com/unit/viewtestsurvey/id:14524,mode:test) More  You completed this test on 17/06/2024, 02:17 Your score is 44.67% CORRECT An executive in an organization has suggested a new product. When the business analyst elicits product requirements by talking with stakeholders and potential customers they question the demand in the marketplace. They are questioning the: Marketing message. Customer usability. Ability of the design team to succeed.  Business value. The correct answer is D. Business value is the worth of a thing and it supports the business case for a project. If the new product will not have su!cient demand, the organization may build a manufacturing facility and not recover its costs. CORRECT So far, the top line of a risk burndown graph is tracking as follows: 39, 30, 32, 26, 18, 14. What does this tell the project manager and team? Although risk severity is going down, it's still too high for the sponsor to green-light the project. Project risk is going down, which means that business value is increasing. The risk probabilities are !nally low enough to commence the development work.  The team's risk mitigation e!orts are going well, having reduced the cumulative project risk by almost 65%. The correct answer is D. If your risk burndown graph shows the data points 39, 30, 32, 26, 18, 14, then your risk mitigation e"orts are going well and you have reduced the cumulative project risk by almost 65%. We can't tell what the sponsor's risk tolerance is and we can assume the project is already in progress, since risk mitigation steps are being taken. Therefore the answers that refer to green-lighting the project" and commencing the development work are incorrect. Since risk has an inverse relationship to value, it's true that the potential business value that can be achieved increases as risk decreases, but this is not the best answer, since there is a more speci#c option that directly addresses the data provided in the question. INCORRECT During which risk management process is a decision to transfer a risk made?  Plan Risk Responses Monitor Risks  Implement Risk Responses Identify Risks The correct answer is A. Transference is a risk response strategy. Risk response strategies are determined in the Plan Risk Responses process. CORRECT When would a team use affinity estimating?  When they want to compare the size of their new estimates to their old estimates. When they want to organize features into releases in order of business value. When they need an initial set of coarse-grained estimates to start planning a project. When they need a fast, e#cient way to get reliable estimates for iteration planning. The correct answer is A. The correct answer is that a!nity estimating is used to compare the size of new and old estimates to ensure that the measuring unit (such as story points) hasn't drifted over the course of the project. You should be able to recognize the other de#nitions listed here. T-shirt sizing is used to get an initial set of coarse-grained estimates to start a project. A product roadmap is used for organizing features into releases. Planning poker is a fast, e!cient way to get reliable estimates for iteration planning. CORRECT The ongoing definition of a project as more information becomes available to the team is called: YOUR ANSWER Strategic planning Scope validation  Progressive elaboration Quantitative elaboration The correct answer is C. "The ongoing de#nition of a project as more information becomes available" is the de#nition of progressive elaboration. The Validate Scope process involves customer acceptance of project deliverables. Strategic planning addresses the overall mission and goals of the organization. Quantitative elaboration is a made-up term. INCORRECT To determine the potential size and cost of a change, business analysts and project managers must: Assess the impact of the change To perform integrated change control  Perform forward traceability. To perform con$ict management. The correct answer is A. Assessing the potential the impact of any and all change requests is necessary, but not all changes will require integrated change control. Forward traceability may be used to help assess the impact of a change. INCORRECT Which of the following is included in the project management plan?  Risk urgency assessment Performance measurement baseline  Work authorization analysis Assumptions analysis The correct answer is B. Of the options provided, only the performance measurement baseline (which consists of the scope, schedule, and cost baselines) is a component of the project management plan. CORRECT As the requirements gathering completion date nears, the person doing business analysis knows they won't have time to finish eliciting, analyzing, and tracing all of the requirements. What is the BEST thing to do? Finish tracing the requirements that have been gathered have so they will be complete. Finish eliciting all requirements. At least the project manager will have them all. Tracing documents are rarely reviewed.  Determine the most critical tracing and "nish it for the remaining requirements. Ask for an extension of the timeline for eliciting and documenting requirements. The correct answer is C. Business analysis professionals are constantly faced with decisions like this. There is never enough time to do everything. Tracing is time-consuming, they should review the types of tracing they are performing and determine the value of the links. It is important to trace key relationships. They must #nish eliciting and analyzing. They could ask for an extension, but should #rst consider cutting back on tracing to stay on schedule. INCORRECT In which scope management process would a project manager use both expert judgment and decomposition? Validate Scope  Plan Scope Management De!ne Scope Create WBS The correct answer is D. Expert judgment and decomposition are used in the Create WBS process. CORRECT Why would a team want to add a risk burndown graph to their information radiators? To quickly communicate value delivery to stakeholders To re!ne risk estimates over time To track the expected monetary value of project risks  To monitor risk reduction e!orts The correct answer is D. This question is a bit tricky since there is a kernel of truth in all the options, but only one is the BEST answer. Let's break down the options, starting with the correct answer. The purpose of using a risk burndown graph is to monitor the team's e"orts to reduce risk; if a team is using this tool, they will naturally post it for stakeholders to see, since agile teams don't hoard information. Since risk is anti-value, we could say that risk burndown charts do communicate the delivery of value in a way, but that is too indirect to be the best answer.  Next, risk burndown graphs don't track expected monetary value; they track risk severity. Although both numbers start with estimates of impact and probability, they aren't the same thing. Finally, since a risk burndown graph tracks risk severity, it does show our latest estimates for risks. However, that isn't the most important reason for using this graph; we use it to monitor our active e"orts to reduce risks, not simply to get more accurate estimates. CORRECT The project team is dealing with communication, schedule, and language challenges, but is benefitting from the expertise of team members working remotely. What type of team is this? Functional team Self-organizing team  Virtual team Colocated team The correct answer is C. Virtual teams face unique challenges but also bene#t from their structure. Common challenges for virtual teams include di"erences in schedule, language, and culture, as well as feelings of isolation among team members. The bene#ts of virtual teams include having access to the expertise of team members who are in other locations. The globalization of projects and advances in communications technology have made these types of teams more common. Virtual teams are a tool for both the Acquire Resources and Develop Team processes. CORRECT What are the MOST important factors to help a business analyst or project manager choose the best requirements gathering techniques? Number of stakeholders, their locations, and their attitudes Level of formality expected for requirements, types of requirements needed, and approval roles Type of product being developed, product owner, and time constraints  Project life cycle, business analysis deliverables expected, and time constraints The correct answer is D. The project life cycle often dictates the time constraints and options in terms of requirements gathering techniques. For an adaptive life cycle project, requirements may be documented on a white board in the team room as each iteration is discussed. For a predictive life cycle, a detailed requirements package may be created, requiring more elicitation sessions and reviews. INCORRECT In which meeting or process do we restrict the discussion to those who are working on project tasks?  Project pre-mortem Daily stand-up Estimating tasks Requirements review The correct answer is B. One of the ground rules for a daily stand-up is that "only those who have tasks can talk." The other options are incorrect. INCORRECT A team that has recently transitioned to agile continues to use Gantt charts for planning their work. The agile coach explains to them that agile considers a task board to be preferable to a Gantt chart because _____.  A task board can be created online or on a whiteboard, while a Gantt chart can only be created online.  A task board makes it easier to estimate how long the tasks will take, while a Gantt chart is best for radiating progress to stakeholders. A task board is a better tool for planning, since a Gantt chart is more useful for reporting progress. A task board can be updated by anyone on the team, while a Gantt chart is usually updated by one or two people. The correct answer is D. An important agile leadership practice is enabling other people to act by sharing power, information, and knowledge. Using a task board instead of a Gantt chart is one way to do this, since it allows everyone on the team to be involved in updating the status of the work. INCORRECT Which of the following is shown in a context diagram? Scope options Relationships Interfaces  Communication channels The correct answer is C. A context diagram shows interfaces. CORRECT Operational work is different from project work in that operational work is: A part of every project activity Temporary Unique  Ongoing and repetitive The correct answer is D. Operational work is work that is done on an ongoing basis to sustain an organization, while a project is a temporary endeavor, with a beginning and an end, that creates a unique result. CORRECT Which of the following statements about the project management office (PMO) is true? A directive PMO provides project managers but is not responsible for the results of projects. A supportive PMO directly manages most projects within an organization.  The PMO standardizes the management of projects. A directive PMO allows the project manager to control most aspects of the project. The correct answer is C. The PMO oversees and standardizes the management of projects within an organization. Supportive PMOs exercise a low level of control over projects; they focus on providing methodologies, templates, and lessons learned rather than on directly managing projects. A directive PMO exerts a high level of control over projects; it is responsible for the results of the projects for which it supplies project managers CORRECT To manage a project effectively, work should be broken down into small pieces. Which of the following does not describe how far to decompose the work?  Until it cannot be logically subdivided further Until it has a meaningful conclusion  Until it can be done by one person Until it can be realistically estimated The correct answer is C. The lowest level of the WBS is a work package, which can be completed by more than one person. The other choices are aspects of a work package. INCORRECT The business analyst is helping to plan a new project and wants to incorporate the organization's experience with other projects. The product owner was unhappy with the last project because requirements prioritization took too much time. What historical evidence will be MOST helpful for to review? Lessons learned Post implementation assessment Retrospectives  Time tracked The correct answer is C. A clue in the question is the title Product Owner. This is a role used on adaptive life cycle projects, which use retrospectives to assess the team processes. Requirements prioritization is very important in adaptive life cycles because only a few requirements are addressed in each sprint or iteration. CORRECT A project manager is trying to complete a software development project, but cannot get enough attention for the project. Resources are focused on completing process-related work, and the project manager has little authority to properly assign resources. What form of organization must the project manager be working in? Expediter  Functional Matrix Coordinator The correct answer is B. In a functional organization, projects often do not have strong support, and the project manager has little authority to assign resources. The project expediter and project coordinator are roles in a weak matrix organization. INCORRECT During a sprint, the product owner tells the team the priority of the items in the product backlog needs to change. What should the team do? Groom the product backlog.  Shift their e%orts to working on the higher-priority items. Initiate a discussion with the sponsor about whether it’s appropriate to reprioritize items in the product backlog at this point. Continue building the increment in the current sprint. The correct answer is D. As a rule, the goal of a sprint isn't changed while it is in progress, so the team wouldn't switch gears and start working on other items. Also, that’s not what the product owner is asking for; they have only said that items in the product backlog need to be reordered based on shifting priorities. This grooming of the product backlog is routine on an agile project and is regularly done at the end of each sprint, during the sprint review; it doesn’t a"ect the current sprint. So for now, the team should just continue building the increment. INCORRECT A team might want to use a wireframe to:  Demo the completed product to show that it works as planned Prioritize the planned work based on business value Prototype the major features that will be included in each release Model the proposed product to get feedback and show what “done” will look like The correct answer is D. Wireframes are used to create a model of the proposed product and get feedback about whether everyone has the same understanding of the product and clarify what “done” will look like. INCORRECT Which of the following statements about project management processes is true? The !ve process groups must always be done in a set order, one after the other. The !ve process groups can be done in any order; the project manager has a lot of free rein in deciding what to do when. Project work involve iteration, and as a result much early planning work will need to be modi"ed later as the project continues.  The !ve process groups are a general guideline, but some projects won't need to go through all of them. The correct answer is C. The only true statement here is that much of the early planning work will need to be modi#ed later as the project continues. All the others are incorrect. INCORRECT The system used by a business analyst to keep requirements information organized, available, and current is commonly referred to as: Con!guration Management System Project Management Information System  Requirements Traceability System Version Control System The correct answer is B. The project management information system (PMIS) includes all tools, documentation, templates and other enterprise environmental factors for project management. This would include business analysis documents for a project. Version control refers to tracking changes to requirements or versions. Con#guration management keeps track of documentation changes and is analogous to version control. Requirements traceability keeps track of links between requirements CORRECT Who is responsible for assessing project success over the long term, post-implementation?  Business analysts and product owners Process owners and project managers The project sponsor and the business analyst Functional managers and acceptance testers  The correct answer is A. After a project is closed, product or process owners and business analysts are responsible for measuring and monitoring key metrics and assessing the success of the project over the long term. INCORRECT All the following occur during the Close Project or Phase process except: Return on investment (ROI) analysis Updates to the lessons learned register Performance reporting  Formal acceptance The correct answer is A. Return on investment (ROI) analysis is done earlier in the project to help select between alternatives or evaluate a project's value during project selection. All the other choices are done during the Close Project or Phase process. Therefore, performing ROI analysis must be the best answer. For more on cost-bene#t analyses, see similar analyses (like ROI and NPV), related to project selection. INCORRECT Which life cycle should be used to help create a solution to a business problem with regulatory requirements? Predictive, except the requirements will not be formal Predictive during planning and then adaptive during development  Adaptive Predictive The correct answer is D. The predictive life cycle focuses on detailed requirements analysis and planning up front, before the work begins-- especially for scope, schedule and cost. This makes it appropriate for regulatory projects. Predictive during planning and then adaptive during development implies the business analyst can decide how the development team will work. This is not the business analyst's responsibility. INCORRECT What kind of leadership approach would an agile team leader normally take? A directive approach  An intuitive approach A delegating approach A supportive approach The correct answer is D. Leaders on agile projects should take a supportive approach since agile teams are empowered to organize and direct their own work and an agile team leader is a servant leader. INCORRECT Project requirements should be elicited from ______. All stakeholders  The project manager The sponsor  The project team The correct answer is A. The project's sponsor, the project manager, and the project team are all stakeholders. Requirements must be elicited from all stakeholders. INCORRECT For which of the following is document analysis MOST likely to be used? To baseline requirements  To de!ne future state of a business process To analyze old systems or business processes To re!ne the functional requirements The correct answer is C. Document analysis is a technique used to analyze existing documentation and identify information about current state systems. CORRECT Which of the following is the BEST approach to managing project changes? Have the sponsor approve all changes.  Discover changes as early as possible. Create a scope diagram with very clear boundaries. Prevent changes that a%ect the project scope. The correct answer is B. Some project changes, including scope or cost changes, will add value to the project, and therefore should not be eliminated unilaterally. The sponsor is not involved in all changes. Changes found early will have less of an impact on the project. Thus, it is best to discover needed changes as early as possible. CORRECT While planning, the project manager should help the PMO _______. Increase the e%ectiveness of processes.  Look for positive and negative interactions from and to other projects that could a!ect the project. Review industry standards relevant to the project. Update the communications management plan based on late deliverables. The correct answer is B. Looking for positive and negative interactions from and to other projects that could a"ect the project is the most appropriate choice to do during project planning. Industry standards are an input to the Develop Project Charter process, which occurs in initiating. Increasing the e"ectiveness of processes refers to continuous improvement, which is part of Manage Quality in executing. Updating the communications management plan occurs during the monitoring and controlling process group. CORRECT A ScrumMaster, notices that some user stories are taking up to 2 hours longer to develop than estimated, while others are completed up to 2 hours faster than estimated. They should: Ask the team to recommend a solution to the problem.  Perform Five Whys and Fishbone Analysis to !nd the cause.  Do nothing; this is normal variation. Ask the product owner if this variance is within the control limits. The correct answer is C. Some amount of variance between estimates and actual results is normal and inevitable. This sounds like normal variation that would be wasteful to take time to investigate. Although the team might have set control limits for the accuracy of their estimates, that isn't typically done on agile projects--and even if there were such limits, the product owner wouldn't be involved. INCORRECT The three skills sets necessary for project managers are technical project management, strategic and business management, and ________. Cost management Stakeholder engagement  Schedule management Leadership The correct answer is D. Stakeholder engagement, schedule management and cost management are all technical project management skills. Leadership best adds to the list of skills given in the question. Leadership skills and knowledge help the project manager motivate and direct a project team to ensure the project meets its objectives and delivers value to the organization. CORRECT Status updates, earned value graphs, and trend lines could all be included in which input to Manage Communications?  Work performance reports Quality report Issue log Risk report The correct answer is A. Although quality and risk reports and the issue log are inputs to Manage Communications, the input being described in the question is work performance reports. A status report is one example of a work performance report, which may also include other information such as earned value graphs and trend lines, among other things. CORRECT In Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis, what graphical format is typically used to show the results of a sensitivity analysis? Decision tree  Tornado diagram Gantt chart Bar graph The correct answer is B. The results of a sensitivity analysis, which is a technique used to analyze and compare the potential impacts of identi#ed risks, are often shown in a tornado diagram. CORRECT The company culture and existing systems that are out of control of the project team are known as:  Constraints  Enterprise environmental factors (EFFs) Organizational process assets (OPAs) Stakeholders The correct answer is B. Enterprise environmental factors (EEFs) are conditions, such as organizational structure, culture, existing systems, and geographic locations, that may impact a project but that are outside the control of the project team. CORRECT A form of project organization where power is shared between the functional manager and the project manager is called: A tight matrix A strong matrix  A balanced matrix A weak matrix The correct answer is C. The question describes a balanced matrix organization. On the exam, there will be terms that seem to #t (such as "tight matrix" in this case) but don't actually relate to the question. CORRECT A business analyst is going to be working with a new stakeholder on a project who has 20 years with the company, is at VP level, and is located on the other side of the world. How will they best begin to analyze this stakeholder? Start with an interview to learn more about their industry knowledge and experience with project requirements.  Ask colleagues who have worked with this stakeholder about personal attributes, interest in projects and company knowledge. Start by talking with their administrative assistant about their scheduling demands and availability. Ask one of their employees about their involvement with the day to day business processes and with projects. The correct answer is B. All of these are good stakeholder analysis tasks, but you may want to start with information from colleagues who have already worked with them and may be able to help you place them correctly with stakeholder mapping. Be careful talking with one of his employees about him before talking with him. You also will want to ask him about who else to talk to within his department. CORRECT The customer wants to expand the project scope after the performance measurement baseline has been established. Which document must be created? Performance measurements Project scope statement Activity attributes  Change request The correct answer is D. Changes must be formally controlled as outlined in the change management plan. The process begins with a change request. INCORRECT What could an agile team use to move beyond their automatic assumptions and identify the real causes of a problem?  Variance analysis Why-Why Pre-mortem Emotional intelligence The correct answer is B. Variance analysis deals with measuring di"erences. A pre-mortem is a risk assessment exercise. Emotional intelligence refers to our ability to recognize and in$uence emotions. That leaves "Five Whys" as the correct answer. In this technique, we ask "Why?" #ve times to get past our automatic answers so that we can identify the root cause of a problem. INCORRECT In which process group does the closing of a procurement occur? Initiating  Closing Monitoring and controlling Planning The correct answer is C. Procurements are closed as part of Control Procurements in monitoring and controlling. CORRECT How can an agile team prevent a gap between what the customer wants and what they build for them?  Negotiate how the customer will de"ne completion Invite the customer to the release retrospectives Make sure the project charter is as detailed as possible Progressively elaborate the product demonstrations The correct answer is A. "Negotiate how the customer will de#ne completion" is basically another way of saying “create a shared de#nition of done,” so this is the correct answer. Agile charters typically can't be too detailed, since they are written at the start of the project when we know the least about it. While it may be helpful to invite the customer to retrospectives, this probably wouldn't be the best way to prevent gaps from occurring in the #rst place, especially if we only get together after each release. We typically use progressive elaboration to plan the project, not to conduct the product demonstrations. INCORRECT A business analyst is assigned in the middle of a project. The project is within the baselines, but the customer is not happy with the performance of the project. What is the FIRST thing the project manager and business analyst do?  Recalculate baselines. Meet with the customer. Renegotiate the contract. Discuss it with the project team. The correct answer is B. First, the business analyst needs to #nd out why the customer is not happy. Then meet with the team and determine options. CORRECT Which of the following is an example of benchmarking? Measuring sales compared to marketing e%orts Measuring progress compared to the plan Measuring performance compared to the manufacturing capacity  Measuring performance compared to the competition The correct answer is D. Benchmarking involves analysis of competitive organizations and products. INCORRECT By exhibiting integrity, balancing competing goals, and taking a holistic view of the project, the project manager is demonstrating ________. Leadership skills Functional management skills  E%ective organizational skills Technical project management skills The correct answer is A. Leadership skills, which represent one element of the PMI Talent Triangle®, include those listed here, as well as many others that help the project manager motivate and guide the project team. INCORRECT Lessons learned are most likely to result from which two stakeholder management processes?  Plan Stakeholder Engagement and Manage Stakeholder Engagement Plan Stakeholder Engagement and Monitor Stakeholder Engagement Control Scope and Develop Team Manage Stakeholder Engagement and Monitor Stakeholder Engagement The correct answer is D. The lessons learned register may be updated in both Manage Stakeholder Engagement and Monitor Stakeholder Engagement. INCORRECT Which of the following is true about the relationship of ongoing operations to projects?  Ongoing operations should have a separate phase in the project life cycle because a large portion of life cycle costs is devoted to maintenance and operations. Ongoing operations should not be viewed as part of a project. Ongoing operations should be included in the list of activities to be performed during project closure. Ongoing operations should be viewed as a separate project. The correct answer is B. A project is de#ned as a temporary e"ort that creates a unique product, service, or result. Ongoing operations are not temporary; therefore, such work should not be considered a project or part of a project. CORRECT Product acceptance criteria is defined in the: Team performance reports  Project scope statement WBS dictionary Communications management plan The correct answer is B. Completed products of the project are assessed using product acceptance criteria, which is detailed in the project scope statement and requirements documentation. Clear acceptance criteria help ensure that requirements are not misunderstood. INCORRECT What would be an example of incremental delivery? Releasing a basic version of an application while still working on more advanced features Using a risk burndown graph to track the reduction in project risks over time  Continuously improving and elaborating our agile practices as the project progresses Mapping the $ow of value delivered by the product at each stage in the process The correct answer is A. With incremental delivery, we aim to deliver the simplest thing that will work (the “plain vanilla” version) and then incrementally add more features until the #nal product is built. The other options don't describe incremental delivery. CORRECT A previously identified risk has occurred on the project. Which input to Implement Risk Responses will the project manager review to determine the agreed- upon response to this risk?  Risk register Lessons learned register Change requests Issue log The correct answer is A. The risk register has information about the agreed-upon responses for each individual risk that has been identi#ed for the project. The risk register also identi#es the nominated owner for each risk response plan. CORRECT What wouldn't be an example of negotiation on an agile project? Using !st-of-!ve voting to make collaborative decisions  Scheduling high-business-value features in the early iterations Determining what "done" will look like for a deliverable Playing planning poker to estimate user stories The correct answer is B. The de#nition of "done" is typically the result of a cost-bene#t discussion between the team and the product owner. Planning poker involves weighing di"erent views of how much e"ort it will take to complete each user story. Fist-of-#ve voting helps a team  reach consensus after considering diverse viewpoints. These are all examples of negotiation. The only one of these options that is not an example of negotiation is scheduling high-business-value features in the early iterations. CORRECT A new project is beginning, which has been attempted unsuccessfully several times in the past few years. The previous projects were cancelled because of "politics" (differing views and direction by key stakeholders on the project). This is an example of: Risk identi!cation Scope management Stakeholder analysis  Historical information The correct answer is D. Although the word "stakeholder" is used in the question, this is not an example of stakeholder analysis, nor is it an example of scope management. The situation described relates to past projects. Such information can result in the identi#cation of risks, but this is not an example of risk identi#cation. The question describes historical information, which is extremely valuable to consider when planning a project. CORRECT The areas of main focus in managing a project include identifying stakeholder requirements, establishing clear and achievable objectives, and ____________. Holding status meetings with the team  Balancing competing project constraints Eliminating the need for any changes Managing the project to the detailed baselines outlined in the project charter The correct answer is B. Balancing competing constraints is a main focus of project management. The project charter doesn't include detailed baselines, and since changes on a project can never be eliminated, "eliminating the need for any changes" cannot be the correct choice. Status meetings are not a main focus of managing a project. (The reason for such meetings, controlling the project, could be considered a focus of project management, but that choice is not given.) INCORRECT An agile team member is stuck on a development problem and not sure what to do about it. Who should they go to for help?  Their functional manager The ScrumMaster Their teammates Their pair programming partner The correct answer is C. This question is a bit tricky since any of these people might be able to give you helpful insights. However, from the standpoint of the agile mindset that will be tested on the exam, the best answer is "your teammates." Discussing the issue with the entire team will provide more diverse perspectives and therefore better options for #xing the issue. CORRECT What is the relationship between contingency plans and fallback plans?  There is no di%erence; these are two terms for the same thing. Contingency plans require management approval, while fallback plans can be initiated by the project manager. Contingency plans are undertaken if the fallback plans don't work.  Fallback plans are undertaken if the contingency plans don't work. The correct answer is D. Fallback plans are the plans that will be undertaken if the contingency plans are not e"ective. All the other options are incorrect statements. CORRECT Which stakeholders are involved in reviewing the business case and business requirements?  Sponsor, project manager, and key stakeholders Project manager, key stakeholders, and the project team Sponsor, project manager, and the project team Project manager only The correct answer is A. Since the business case and business requirements must tie closely to business goals, the business stakeholders must review the plan. Of course, the project manager is always involved and the sponsor is involved in reviewing and approving the project management plan, which re$ects the business case and business requirements. CORRECT As an agile leader, what is important to remember about being successful in motivating teams? Avoid giving !nancial rewards since they aren't e%ective for agile teams. Keep team and personal goals separate to remain professional.  To work to understand what motivates each team member. Focus on the people who respond the best. The correct answer is C. To motivate a team, an e"ective leader will #nd a way to align each person's personal goals with the project goals. In order to do that, you need to #rst understand those personal goals. When the team members personally have something to gain from the project, they are more likely to be engaged. The other options are incorrect. CORRECT What are the five groups of project management process groups? Initiating, directing, monitoring and controlling, executing, closing Initiating, executing, controlling, planning, !nalizing Initiating, managing, planning, executing, closing  Initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, closing The correct answer is D. Some questions on the exam can be quite easy. This one simply tests whether you know the names of the #ve project management process groups. CORRECT The business has a complex set of business rules. The rules are currently enforced inconsistently and the business analyst must get stakeholder agreement on how the rules will be included in the solution requirements. They schedule a time to hold a discussion and create a list of the rules. They are:  Planning business analysis communication.  Preparing for elicitation. Conducting a requirements workshop. Creating a data model. The correct answer is B. Preparing for elicitation involves all of the work necessary to get ready to elicit, so setting up the time for a discussion and preparing materials is part of this task. INCORRECT What is a primary benefit of conducting a brainstorming session with stakeholders? Produce creative insights and new solutions Elicit information about constraints and capabilities Explore risks and opportunities  Improve understanding of their needs and requirements The correct answer is A. Brainstorming does not involve in-depth analysis of needs, requirements, constraints, capabilities, or risks in relationship to the new ideas. Brainstorming encourages creative thinking and new ideas. INCORRECT Project management offices (PMOs) can have varying levels of authority within organizations. The type of PMO with the least level of control over project is: Controlling Supportive  Advisory Directive The correct answer is B. Do you know the terms for the forms of PMO? The main types are supportive, controlling, and directive. Advisory PMO is a made-up term. This question provides the de#nition of a supportive PMO. Such a PMO typically provides policies and methodologies to the organization, but exercises a low level of control over projects. INCORRECT Which process group is not included in the integration management knowledge area (set of processes)? All the process groups are included in that knowledge area or set of processes. Monitoring and controlling  Closing Initiating The correct answer is A. Integration management is the only knowledge area that includes all #ve of the process groups. INCORRECT Which of the following is not included in the project management plan?  Con!guration management plan Change management plan Requirements management plan Integration management plan The correct answer is D. The project management process described in the PMBOK® Guide does not include an integration management plan. The change management, con#guration management, and requirements management plans are all part of the project management plan. INCORRECT The project manager is performing decision tree analysis to choose between several alternative courses of action. If one risk event has a 50 percent chance of occurring, and the consequences will be $100,000, what is the expected monetary value (EMV) of that option?  $100,000 $150,000 $5,000 $50,000 The correct answer is D. Expected monetary value (EMV) is used in decision tree analysis to determine the best course of action. EMV is computed by multiplying the probability times the impact (P × I = EMV). In this case,.0.5 × $100,000 = $50,000. CORRECT What is one of the buyer's key objectives during contract negotiations? Ensure that an e%ective communications management plan is established. Ensure that all project risks are thoroughly delineated.  Obtain a fair and reasonable price. Negotiate a price under the seller's estimate. The correct answer is C. Although thorough risk identi#cation and an e"ective communications management plan are important, they are not key objectives of contract negotiation. Negotiations should be win-win, so negotiating a price below the seller's estimate is not the best choice. A fair and equitable price will help to create a good working relationship between the buyer and the seller, which is the best outcome for the project. INCORRECT How the team will define, validate, and control project scope is stated in the: Project scope baseline Project lessons learned  Project charter Project scope management plan The correct answer is D. The project scope management plan, a part of the project management plan, details this information. INCORRECT Which quality management process involves determining whether the results of the work are meeting the standards set for the project? Plan Quality Management Control Quality Manage Quality  Control Quality Assurance The correct answer is B. It is in the Control Quality process that we determine whether the results of the work are meeting the standards set for the project. CORRECT Which type of hierarchical chart categorizes project work by type of resource?  Resource breakdown structure RACI chart Organizational breakdown structure Work breakdown structure (WBS) The correct answer is A. A resource breakdown structure, a tool used in the Plan Resource Management process, breaks down the work by type of resource (e.g., people, materials, equipment). It may be updated as part of Estimate Activity Resources, and it serves as an input to Control Resources. CORRECT What is the most commonly used logical relationship represented using the precedence diagramming method (PDM)? Finish-to-!nish (FF) Start-to-!nish (SF) Start-to-start (SS)  Finish-to-start (FS) The correct answer is D. Finish-to-start (FS) is the most commonly used relationship in PDM. In a #nish-to-start relationship, an activity must #nish before the successor can start. INCORRECT Procurement closure is different from the Close Project or Phase process in that procurement closure:  May be done more than once for each contract Is the only one to involve the customer Occurs before Close Project or Phase Includes the return of property The correct answer is C. The customer may be involved in lessons learned and procurement audits, and would certainly be involved in formal acceptance. Both procurement closure and Close Project or Phase involve the return of property. Procurement closure is done once for each procurement, at the end of the contract. All procurements are closed before the project is closed. INCORRECT What is multicriteria decision analysis, and what is its purpose in resource management?  A technique used to evaluate potential team members A quantitative approach to developing recognition and rewards systems A technique used for designing personnel assessment tools  An analytical tool for making decisions about team-building and training activities The correct answer is A. Multicriteria decision analysis is a decision-making technique that uses speci#c criteria (such as availability, cost, location, or skill set) to evaluate possible project resources—whether those are potential team members or physical resources. This decision- making technique is used in the Acquire Resources process, and it can also be used within the integration, scope, stakeholder, and quality knowledge areas. INCORRECT Which of the following are all examples of communication artifacts used in the Manage Communications process? Emails, focus groups, and presentations Emails, graphics, and reports  Focus groups, graphics, and presentations Meetings, presentations, and reports The correct answer is B. Communication artifacts include written or visual communications such as emails, graphics, and reports. Focus groups, meetings, and presentation are communication activities rather than artifacts. INCORRECT A team's agile coach is listening to a teammate describe a problem they are having. As a skilled listener, what might the agile coach be thinking while the teammate is describing the problem? This is a di#cult problem, what should I do? How is this problem going to a%ect me? I can see that he's really upset and nervous to talk about this.  This situation is really sensitive, I'll need to handle it carefully. The correct answer is C. This question deals with the levels of active listening. Three of the options indicate that you are thinking about yourself rather than actually listening to Ricardo. In the option that re$ects the highest level of listening skills, and is therefore the correct answer, you are observing his body language and mannerisms as well as his words so that you can understand what he's saying in the context of his emotional state. CORRECT An agile project sponsor has just discovered lean ideas and is very focused on "eliminating waste." They say that creating a story map isn't necessary since the team can just start by creating coarse-grained estimates. The project manger responds: That proposal isn't a valid trade-o%; without a story map, we can't do coarse-grained estimating. That's no problem because the lack of a story map won't a%ect our work that much. That's a good idea since planning practices are pretty redundant. We can eliminate the story map and just start estimating.  A story map will help us plan the big-picture project e!ort and understand what we need to accomplish. The correct answer is D. We use story maps to plan the project's big-picture e"ort and priorities, and understand at a high level what we are trying to accomplish. Although agile practices do build in some redundancies (for example, by providing opportunities for feedback at many  levels), story maps are an e!cient way to create the necessary initial plans, which can't be accomplished simply by estimating. On the other hand, it is certainly possible to make coarse-grained estimates without a story map--we just wouldn't know if we were estimating all the work. Although story maps can be adapted to create a product roadmap, those are two di"erent tools with di"erent purposes. INCORRECT Which agile practice is the best example of two-way communication? Posting project updates on social media  Posting the product roadmap on the team's wall Demonstrating the latest product increment to the customer Conducting a daily stand-up The correct answer is C. For two-way communication, we need a bidirectional $ow of information from sender to receiver and back again. Posts on a team's wall or social media are primarily used to provide information about the project, not to gather information from those who view the post. Daily stand-ups are also a one-way $ows of information; as people share the status of their work, the other team members listen rather than engaging them in discussion. A product demonstration, however, emphasizes both sending information (showing and explaining the product increment) and receiving information (the customer's feedback). INCORRECT Which statement BEST describes how the business case influences the work of analyzing requirements? Requirements are speci!ed to support the business case.  Requirements are organized in accordance with the business case. Requirements analysis work results in the business case. Requirements are prioritized using information from the business case. The correct answer is D. Requirements do not need to be organized or speci#ed in accordance with the business case. The business case includes the value and justi#cation for the business analysis work and helps drive prioritization of requirements. INCORRECT When a team starts using agile methods, what is one of the changes they will need to focus on? Catching problems earlier  Mitigating risk more fully Planning in more detail Writing more complete documentation The correct answer is A. For this question, you need to think through how agile di"ers from traditional methods. Both approaches seek to mitigate risk and plan in detail; they simply do it in di"erent ways. The option "writing more complete documentation" can't be correct, since agile approaches tend to reduce documentation to a barely su!cient level. Therefore, the correct answer is "catching problems earlier"; agile practices are designed to detect problems as low on the cost of change curve as possible. INCORRECT A "waterfall" life cycle is also referred to as a(n) ________. Iterative life cycle  Adaptive life cycle  Change-drive life cycle Plan-driven life cycle The correct answer is D. A waterfall life cycle is sometimes called a plan-drive (or traditional) life cycle. With a waterfall life cycle, scope, schedule, and cost need to be determined early in the life of a project—before the work begins to produce the project deliverables. Change- drive projects, which are also referred to as iterative, incremental, or adaptive (agile), have varying levels of early planning for scope, schedule, and cost. CORRECT Techniques used to evaluate the solution when a project is using an adaptive life cycle include: Capability table, sequence diagram, retrospectives. Peer review, integration testing, user acceptance testing.  User stories, test cases, day-in-the-life testing. Use cases, focus groups, exploratory testing. The correct answer is C. In an adaptive life cycle, user stories with their acceptance criteria are identi#ed early in the product development process and used to test at the end of each #xed time segment. Test cases can be developed from the acceptance criteria and DITL testing is often used. INCORRECT The business analyst on a new project is unable to allocate as much time to interact with their stakeholders as they would like. Which of the following stakeholders will they make it a priority to get to know? The employee who is unfamiliar with the product of the project, but open to the positive impacts they believe the product will have on their work.  The stakeholder who is an expert on the product of the project, but is not interested in implementing it in their department. The manager of the department that will use the product of the project. This manager is known to be resistant to change. The project sponsor, with whom the business analyst has successfully worked on many projects. The correct answer is C. As the department manager, this person is a key stakeholder, and wields a lot of in$uence over other stakeholders in their department. The fact that the department manager is resistant to change indicates they will need some personal reassurance from the business analyst, problems could arise from nonsupport of the project. CORRECT A project manager is having difficulty estimating the cost of a project. Which of the following is the most probable cause of their difficulty?  Inadequate scope de"nition Lack of historical records from previous projects Lack of company processes Unavailability of desired resources The correct answer is A. Although all choices could cause di!culty, only inadequate scope de#nition makes estimating impossible. CORRECT A team is meeting to discuss which testing and inspection methods will be used on the project. What part of the quality management process are they in?  Control Quality Manage Quality  Plan Quality Management Variable Analysis The correct answer is C. The key phrase here is "will be used." The team is looking to the future to determine how the team will con#rm that the required level of quality has been achieved; therefore, they must be in the Plan Quality Management process CORRECT Marketplace conditions, legal restrictions, and industry standards are all examples of what?  External enterprise environmental factors (EEFs) Work performance information Organizational process assets (OPAs) Internal enterprise environmental factors (EEFs) The correct answer is A. External enterprise environmental factors (EEFs) are those factors external to the organization that provide context within which to plan the project INCORRECT The team is involved in the Validate Scope process. What process group is the project in?  Planning Monitoring and controlling Closing Executing The correct answer is B. Validate Scope is a process of project monitoring and controlling. INCORRECT A business analyst has created a matrix with the project objectives as columns and requirements as rows. One of the columns does not have any cells filled in. This means: There is at least one project objective to support the requirement missing.  Some of the requirements support more than one project objective. The project objective in the blank column is not relevant to the project. There is at least one requirement missing to support the objective. The correct answer is D. When a column is empty, something is wrong. Assuming the project objectives were reviewed and approved by the sponsor during project initiation, the correct answer here is you are missing at least one requirement. CORRECT Which of the following best describes formal acceptance of a project?  Final payment is made. Final deliverables are sent to the customer.  Customer sign-o! of the product is documented. Substantial completion is reached. The correct answer is C. The word "formal" in this question relates to gaining customer sign-o". Until the customer formally accepts the project's deliverables, acceptance has not been attained. INCORRECT What is needed to create a risk-adjusted backlog? A list of product threats prioritized by market value The expected monetary value of all the project risks  The risk-based severity of all the project threats Estimates for the impact and probability of all the project features The correct answer is B. Risks are entered in the backlog based on expected monetary value. The other options are incorrect and have mixed- up wording. INCORRECT The cost contingency reserve on a project should be: Added to each activity to provide the customer with a shorter critical path  Maintained by management to accommodate unknown risks Hidden to prevent management from disallowing the reserve Added to the costs of the project to account for risks The correct answer is D. During the risk management process, the project manager determines the appropriate contingency reserves to cover the cost of known risks and adds them to the project cost. Hiding the reserve is inappropriate. Adding cost to each activity will not shorten the critical path. Management reserves, not contingency reserves, are maintained by management to accommodate unknown, or unidenti#ed, risks. INCORRECT A product backlog may be used for all the following EXCEPT: Financial analysis.  Identifying test cases to test each feature. Documenting traceability. Identifying use cases to implement each feature. The correct answer is A. Financial analysis deals with #nancial decisions, and is unrelated to the product backlog. The product backlog is a scoping tool. It may include information about traceability, test cases, and use cases. CORRECT Which process groups must be included in every project?  Planning, executing, and monitoring and controlling Initiating, planning, and executing  Initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing Planning, executing, and closing The correct answer is C. All #ve process groups are part of the project management process, according to the process groups model for plan- driven project management INCORRECT A project budget of $50,000 can be considered a project: Deliverable Constraint  Objective Milestone The correct answer is B. A constraint on a project limits the team's options. Budget limitations are one example of a constraint. INCORRECT Which of the following statements about stakeholder management is true? Stakeholder satisfaction should be managed as a project objective. The stakeholder engagement plan is created during project initiating. Identifying stakeholders !rst happens during project planning.  E%ective stakeholder management requires focusing primarily on stakeholders who can impact the project in a positive way. The correct answer is A. Stakeholder satisfaction can be an important factor in the success or failure of a project. Achieving stakeholder satisfaction requires ongoing communication and proactive engagement e"orts throughout the project. The stakeholder engagement plan is developed in project planning, and the Identify Stakeholders process occurs in project initiating; the list of stakeholders should then be reviewed and updated throughout the project. E"ective stakeholder management requires focusing on all stakeholders—whether their potential impact on the project is positive or negative. INCORRECT Which of the following statements about forward and backward passes in the critical path method is true? The late start and late !nish !gures are found by completing a forward pass through the network diagram.  The early start, early !nish, late start, and late !nish !gures can all be found by completing a forward pass through the network diagram. The early start and early "nish "gures are found by completing a forward pass through the network diagram. The early start and early !nish !gures are found by completing a backward pass through the network diagram. The correct answer is C. The early start and early #nish #gures are found by completing a forward pass through the network diagram. A backward pass is required to #nd the late start and late #nish #gures. CORRECT Which of the following is not a characteristic of information radiators? Are placed in high-tra#c areas to maximize exposure Include charts or graphs that quickly convey key information  Ensure that sensitive information is shared with the proper people Inform stakeholders about the project’s status The correct answer is C. The option that isn't a characteristic of information radiators is "ensure that sensitive information is shared with the proper people." Since information radiators are placed in highly visible locations, everyone can see them; so they can't be used to display sensitive information on a selective basis. INCORRECT In which stakeholder management process are interpersonal skills most important? Identify Stakeholders  Manage Stakeholder Engagement A. Manage Stakeholder Engagement Plan Stakeholder Engagement The correct answer is C. Interpersonal skills are one of the key tools and techniques of the Manage Stakeholder Engagement process. (Note that Manage Stakeholder Expectations is not a recognized stakeholder management process.) INCORRECT Context diagrams and use case diagrams are used to: Demonstrate the users' expectations of how a system will perform and its features.  Break down the processes and interfaces within a solution. Prioritize the most important requirements as described by the domain stakeholders. Depict how the user will interact with the system and the areas impacted. The correct answer is D. Breakdowns of processes are decomposition diagrams. Prioritization of requirements can be shown in a product backlog list. Performance characteristics are nonfunctional requirements, which are usually speci#ed in sentences. Context diagrams and use case diagrams show how a proposed solution will interact with people, organizations, and systems. Use case diagrams also show the high-level functions of the solution. INCORRECT Which of the following includes the processes required to ensure the project includes all the work required to successfully complete the project—without additional unnecessary work? Scope management  Requirements traceability management Multicriteria management WBS management The correct answer is A. Scope management ensures that the appropriate scope is done. The other choices are made-up terms. The WBS and requirements traceability matrix are tools to document project scope. They are used to manage scope throughout the project. Multicriteria  decision analysis is a planning tool used to determine scope. INCORRECT What is a good way to keep the agile team aligned with the customer's priorities? Execute the work in the sequence speci"ed by the business representatives. Send monthly Gantt charts and written status reports to all the business representatives. Allow team members to contact the key stakeholders directly when an issue needs clari!cation.  Place big visible charts in the team’s collaborative space where all stakeholders can see them. The correct answer is A. This question deals with incorporating stakeholder values into a project. The most important way to do that is to execute the work in the sequence speci#ed by the customer or business representatives. The prioritized backlog helps with this. Big visible charts are helpful for sharing information, but they don't integrate customer priorities into the development process. Since agile practices provide frequent opportunities for the team to engage with the customer, any issues are typically resolved in planning meetings and reviews. Agile teams don't rely on monthly reports, which are ine!cient and typically outdated by the time they are written and read. CORRECT During what part of the project management process is most of a project's budget expended?  Executing Closing Planning Monitoring and controlling The correct answer is A. The goal of executing is to produce the project deliverables within the project budget INCORRECT All the following occur during the planning process group except: Develop Project Charter Estimate Costs Create WBS  Sequence Activities The correct answer is A. Develop Project Charter occurs in project initiating. INCORRECT The project manager's efforts to lead the project team and meet the project's objectives are part of which sphere of influence? The project  The project life cycle The organization The industry The correct answer is A. Leading the project team to meet the project's objectives is part of the project manager's work within the project sphere of in$uence. Other important roles for the project manager operating in this sphere of in$uence include balancing stakeholder goals  and communicating the vision of success for the project. INCORRECT The testers for the new inventory management system performed the first round of tests as outlined in the test plan. Root cause analysis was performed and the team worked on resolving the problems. What should be done NEXT? Inspection or walkthrough Unit testing Regression testing  Performance testing The correct answer is C. Regression testing is retesting the part of the solution that has been changed to make sure the problem has been corrected, existing functionality has not been a"ected by the change, and no new problems have been introduced. INCORRECT Which of the following statements about leadership and management is true? Leadership is more focused on a long-range vision, while management focuses on short-term goals. Management involves challenging the status quo; leadership is focused on handling operational issues. Management is focused on relationships with people, while leadership emphasizes systems and structure.  Leadership involves directing people to accomplish a task, and management is focused on collaborating, guiding, and in$uencing people. The correct answer is A. Leadership, which is more focused on a long-range vision, involves developing relationships with people by guiding, in$uencing, and collaborating. Leadership also often involves challenging the status quo. Management is focused on systems and structures, and on directing people to accomplish short-term goals. Management tends to be more associated with accepting rather than challenging the status quo. Understanding the distinction between leadership and management helps the project manager #nd the right balance between the two to e"ectively respond in each situation. INCORRECT Which of the following statements about change-driven development life cycles is true? Scope, schedule, and cost are all well-de!ned early in a project using an adaptive development life cycle. With an adaptive development life cycle, work is planned in long increments, which lessens the need to change and reprioritize customer requirements.  Change-driven projects use waterfall life cycles. Adaptive development life cycles involve "xed costs as well as a "xed schedule. The correct answer is D. Adaptive (also called agile) development life cycles involve #xed costs as well as a #xed schedule; however, on these types of projects, scope is typically only broadly de#ned early in the project and then re#ned over the course of the project. Change-driven projects use iterative, incremental, or adaptive development life cycles; waterfall life cycles are used in plan-driven projects. With adaptive life cycles, work is planned in short increments, which allows the customer to change and reprioritize requirements (within the project's time and cost constraints). INCORRECT What is one of the key things a lean team will have to do to be productive and successful? Learn through discovery Identify the best technological approach early in the project  Maintain strong personal relationships during the project  Make !rm delivery commitments and stick to them The correct answer is A. This question could be a bit tricky, since a team could bene#t from any of these actions. The exam will include many questions where multiple answer options appear to be correct. In that case, read the question carefully to see which answer addresses it most speci#cally and rule out any options that are clearly wrong. Here we are looking for a "key thing" that a "lean team" will need to do--in other words, something that is particularly highlighted in lean. Comparing these options to the core concepts of lean, one choice stands out as most apt: empowering the team to make local decisions about how to build the product. Although the choices that refer to identifying the technological approach and making #rm delivery commitments sound good, they are actually at odds with the lean approach, which focuses on maintaining $exibility as far into the project as possible. INCORRECT Which is the BEST reason to use observation to learn about a business process, rather than just interviewing the business workers? The observer will be sure to see exceptions and unusual circumstances.  When asked questions about a process, workers often describe less detail. In addition to seeing the process, much can be learned about the environment. Business workers often don't understand why they perform the process. The correct answer is C. Learning about the business environment within which the process is performed is very important for business analysis. Often, understanding the environment will help shape a better solution. INCORRECT Which of the following is a responsibility of the project manager?  Setting priorities among di%erent projects Helping to write the project charter Protecting the project from outside in$uences and changes Providing funding for the project The correct answer is B. The project manager is assigned in project initiating, and one of their roles is to help write the project charter. Providing project funding, protecting the project from outside in$uences or changes, and setting priorities among di"erent projects are responsibilities of the sponsor. CORRECT A team would use personas to help them stay focused on:  The needs of the end users Early delivery of value The product owner's top priorities The minimal viable product The correct answer is A. All of these options are a high priority for agile teams. However, the only one that personas could help with is the needs of the end users. Personas provide insight into what key stakeholders want to gain from the project, including the features that the end users need most and will #nd most valuable. CORRECT What is the most correct statement about conflict?  Con#ict can be bene"cial. The primary source of con$ict is personality. Con$ict is caused by a failure of leadership. Con$ict is best resolved by smoothing. The correct answer is A. Of the choices provided, the most correct statement is that con$ict can be bene#cial. In fact, con$ict on projects often presents opportunities for improvement. The most common source of con$ict is schedules, not personality, and con$ict is best resolved by collaborating, also referred to as problem-solving. Con$ict is an inevitable consequence of organizational interactions rather than a result of a failure of leadership. CORRECT A business analyst (BA) new to a company has observed a business process and interviewed the subject matter expert (SME) who performs the process every day. The BA has an idea about how to improve the process. What is the BEST thing to do NEXT? Meet with the SME’s manager and make a recommendation. Schedule time to observe the next business process that follows this one.  Draw a work#ow diagram of the process to review with the SME. Write a business case for the change and deliver it to the key stakeholders. The correct answer is C. This is a challenging question because each of the answers is a valid step. To answer the question correctly, put yourself in this situation. Since the BA has just joined the company, it is possible their recommendation has already been tried. The best choice is to diagram the process to make sure they really understand it before reviewing it with the SMEs, making recommendations or writing a business case for a change. INCORRECT Management involves efficiency, command, and ________.  Inspiring trust Relying on control Challenging the status quo Focusing on a long-range vision The correct answer is B. Management is associated with e!ciency, command, and control, while leadership involves empowerment, e"ectiveness, and direction. To be e"ective, a project manager must learn how to employ both management and leadership in the right balance for each situation. CORRECT Which of the following is least likely to be enhanced by improving emotional intelligence?  Working alone to draft the user personas for the project stakeholders Working with the team to come up with estimates Working with the customer to prioritize the backlog Coaching the team to success as a servant leader  The correct answer is A. The scenario here that is least likely to be a"ected by your level of emotional intelligence would be working on your own to draft the user personas for your project, since this doesn’t involve working with other people. EI includes knowing yourself, but focuses on working with others. All the other activities listed here would be enhanced by improving your emotional intelligence skills. INCORRECT The business need is defined: Cost Appearance  Scope Schedule The correct answer is B. De#ning the business need is among the #rst tasks of business analysis because a business need must a support requirement. This is done before a potential solution is identi#ed. Whether or not the work will be outsourced, and regardless of the existence of a project charter, the business need must be identi#ed in order for work to proceed. INCORRECT How would an agile coach explain the idea of a timebox to a new team member?  It's the time we set aside for completing the work, from start to !nish. It's a "xed period of time in which we set out to do a prede"ned set of tasks. It's the timespan we commit to for delivering a valuable bundle of functionality to the customer. It's the span of time from when we start working on a story to its acceptance by the customer. The correct answer is B. A timebox is a #xed period of time in which we plan to complete a speci#ed set of activities. Timeboxes are not task- driven, delivery-driven, or related to the completion of work. While "the time we set aside for completing the work" may sound roughly correct, there is a better, more accurate answer available. CORRECT Which of the following is an output of the Collect Requirements process? Work breakdown structure Change requests  Requirements traceability matrix Project scope statement The correct answer is C. The project scope statement is an output of the De#ne Scope process. The work breakdown structure is an output of the Create WBS process. Scope change requests are outputs of the Validate Scope and Control Scope processes. The requirements traceability matrix is an output of the Collect Requirements process. It links requirements to objectives and/or other requirements, and it is used throughout the project. CORRECT What should the project manager do to resolve this conflict?  Try arti"cial intelligence. Try voice commands. Use a known technology. Use a chatbot. The correct answer is A. It is useful for stakeholders to discuss ideas. but not all stakeholders are as in$uential in decision-making. A requirements con$ict is generally resolved in favor of the customer, although in this case it should be made clear that while they would try arti#cial intelligence, they would need to run a risk spike to see if it would work. CORRECT What is the BEST way to validate requirements?. Ask all team members to review the requirements for accuracy and approve them.  Ask business stakeholders to review the requirements for accuracy and approve them. Compare the requirements package to the organization's standard requirements template. Build a prototype of the solution based on the requirements and see if it works. The correct answer is B. Comparing requirements to a standard template describes a veri#cation process rather than validation. Building a prototype that "works" does not guarantee value. Validate means value. Will a solution based on the requirements bring value to the business? The business domain stakeholders review requirements to make sure their business needs are met. To business domain stakeholders, accuracy means the requirements will meet their needs. INCORRECT What is the most likely place to find an outline of the development approach the team will use to build the product of a project? The project charter An information radiator  The product roadmap The Agile Manifesto The correct answer is A. The development approach that the team intends to take would most likely be described in the project charter. Information radiators may be used for many purposes depending on the needs of the project, but typically they are used to report progress and track development data such as velocity and defects rather than describing the team's development approach upfront. The product roadmap shows when the features will be delivered and what will be included in each release. The Agile Manifesto outlines the values and principles that underlie the agile approach generally. INCORRECT The following are possible tailoring considerations for scope management on a project: Whether agile or hybrid methods will be used, how stable the product requirements are likely to be, and whether the organization has audit and governance policies How stable the product requirements are likely to be, and whether the project charter includes authorization for the project manager to approve scope How stable product requirements are likely to be, whether the scope will be validated before or after it is veri!ed, and the cost of building the prototypes  Whether agile or hybrid methods will be used, whether the organization has audit and governance policies, and whether the scope will be validated before or after it is veri!ed The correct answer is A. Possible tailoring considerations for scope management include whether agile or hybrid methods are used, how stable the product requirements are likely to be, and whether the organization has audit and governance policies that must be followed. The other answer choices all include at least one incorrect option. Scope is always veri#ed before it is validated, and the project manager's authorization levels and the costs involved in building prototypes are not scope management tailoring considerations. CORRECT All the following statements about a requirements traceability matrix are true except: The matrix is an output of the Collect Requirements process. The matrix can help to control scope. The matrix links requirements to strategic objectives.  Requirements in the matrix are assigned to the project manager The correct answer is D. Responsibility for managing individual requirements may be assigned to any team member, not just the project manager. CORRECT Consultative, laissez-faire, and directing are all examples of what? Organizational systems Change management techniques  Leadership styles Government regulations The correct answer is C. Transformational leadership involves empowering and inspiring others. Laissez-faire leadership involves letting team members make their own decisions, and transactional leadership focuses on goals, accomplishments, and rewards. The leadership style that a project manager uses may be in$uenced by factors such as personal characteristics, organizational purpose and structure, and team member attitudes and need. INCORRECT A business analyst believes that modifying the project scope may provide added value for the customer. What should the project manager do? Contact the customer to determine if the change adds value. Call a meeting of the change control board. Change the project's objectives.  Change the scope baseline.  The correct answer is A. I should be validated with the customer that the change will add value, and then follow the change management process. Remember the change management process may be less formal if it is an agile project. CORRECT What can a product owner see on a product roadmap? The backlog items, divided into tasks  All the features and user stories, assigned to releases The top-priority user stories, organized by iteration The largest user stories, sliced into smaller user stories The correct answer is B. Product roadmaps are a high-level view of the project that show the features and user stories for the product and how they are assigned to releases. They do not typically show iterations, sliced user stories, or tasks. INCORRECT How is chartering an agile project different from chartering a traditional project? We expect to discover the details of what will be built during the project, so the scope is typically less clearly de"ned. The budget is typically smaller, so the charter doesn't need to be as formal and detailed.  Agile practices are typically more spontaneous, so the project doesn't need to be de!ned as clearly. Agile projects typically have fewer external stakeholders, so the charter doesn't need to be as long. The correct answer is A. In an agile charter, the scope is typically less clearly de#ned than in a traditional charter. When the project is being chartered, there is typically a lot of uncertainty around the requirements or the technology that will be involved, and the details of what will be built are typically discovered during the project. Agile projects don't necessarily have fewer external stakeholders or smaller budgets than traditional projects. And while agile practices are collaborative, they aren't "spontaneous"; agile processes are well de#ned in order to provide structure in an atmosphere of uncertainty. CORRECT If a sprint goal is being threatened because the team hasn't yet received website copy from marketing, what should they do? Share the problem with teammates to see if the team can all arrive at a collective solution  Be sure to mention the issue in the next stand-up meeting Work around the issue until "just in time" to solve it most e#ciently Check the ScrumMaster's schedule and reserve the next available time for a meeting The correct answer is B. One of the key functions of a daily stand-up meeting is to share information about problems and impediments to progress. Since this meeting is held every day, it gives the ScrumMaster almost immediate information about any issues the team is facing, which replaces the need for separate meetings to discuss issues. You wouldn't share the problem with your teammates since this is an external impediment; their expertise lies in solving technical development problems. You de#nitely wouldn't wait and work around the issue, since agile emphasizes early detection and resolution of problems, whether internal or external. CORRECT Which of the following statements describes the role of project expediter in a weak matrix? They can choose and hire the project team members.  They can help the organization select one project over another.  They cannot make or enforce decisions on their own. They can coordinate the early stages of the project. The correct answer is C. A project expediter acts primarily as a sta" assistant and communications coordinator. They cannot make or enforce decisions on their own. CORRECT Why do requirements need to be approved and signed off?  To ensure stakeholders accept the requirements. It is part of the project management process. It is part of the plan-driven business analysis process. To ensure stakeholders review the requirements. The correct answer is A. Stakeholder approval of the requirements should be received before the solution is built, to make sure stakeholders are getting what they have asked for and want. INCORRECT A team using Kanban has been struggling to stay productive, and there's a concern that the key product functionality won't be ready when the customer needs it. What should the team lead do?  Study what is holding up progress, develop some solutions to be tested, and explain them transparently to the team. Gather the team and explain the changes that will be made, explicitly addressing any concerns they have. Use the team's Kanban board to visualize the $ow of work through the system and manage it more closely. Ask the team to analyze the #ow of the work through the system and "nd solutions to any issues that can be identi"ed. The correct answer is D. The principles of Kanban emphasize team empowerment and collective ownership of their processes. Therefore the best answer is have the team analyze the situation, identify issues, and come up with solutions. INCORRECT How would a person doing business analysis BEST document elicitation results when they have just led a series of brainstorming sessions with a few stakeholder groups who will be using, maintaining, and gathering data from the new application that is being developed? Schedule a facilitated workshop to discuss the requirements for the new application.  Draw a series of data $ow diagrams showing where data will $ow into and out of the new application. Capture the results in textual form for the stakeholders to review, con"rm, and evaluate. Create a detailed technical speci!cation showing how the architect should design the application. The correct answer is C. Drawing a series of data $ow diagrams showing movement of data, or a detailed technical speci#cation is a solution design task. In this case, capturing the results of the brainstorming in text format to present back to stakeholders is the best approach. A workshop would be redundant at this point. INCORRECT A project is:  Work that can be accomplished in 40 hours or less  Work required to sustain a business Temporary and unique Repetitive work The correct answer is C. A project is temporary and unique. The project is complete when the de#ned project objectives have been met. INCORRECT Which of the following is least likely to be included in a communications management plan? What needs to be communicated Which stakeholders' requirements will not be addressed by the project team  How often meetings will be held, and who should attend them What language will be used for project reporting The correct answer is B. The only one of these options that is unlikely to be addressed in a communications management plan is which stakeholders' requirements will not be addressed by the project team. That is a scope issue, not a communications issue. CORRECT A team is closely following the XP methodology. What is one of their regular practices? Functional teams  Pair programming Developing by feature Individual code ownership The correct answer is B. Of the options presented, pair programming is the only one that is an XP practice. The other choices are distractors. INCORRECT To ensure the success of a project, in what order should a team execute the work, taking into account the necessary dependencies and risk mitigation tasks?  The order speci!ed by the project management o#ce (PMO) The order speci"ed by the business representatives The order speci!ed by the project manager The order speci!ed by the project team The correct answer is B. It is largely the business representatives who outline the priority of the functional requirements on the project. That prioritization is then a key driver for the order in which we execute the work. CORRECT In which process group does the project team break down the deliverables into smaller, more manageable pieces? Executing  Monitoring and controlling Closing  Planning The correct answer is D. Breaking down the deliverables into smaller, more manageable pieces is done in project planning. CORRECT A test case is: A strategic plan describing how the solution will be validated. A business requirement describing how the work is performed. A nonfunctional requirement describing performance requirements.  A scenario or script describing how to look for defects. The correct answer is D. A test case is not a requirement, but rather a method of making sure requirements have been correctly built into the solution. A test case is an individual scenario or script describing how to test a particular function. INCORRECT Which of the following is one of the seven project constraints?  Sellers Organizational structure Customer satisfaction Change requests The correct answer is C. The seven project constraints are scope, schedule, cost, quality, resources, risk, and customer satisfaction. These constraints must be balanced by the project team throughout the project. INCORRECT A business analyst runs into a stakeholders in the cafeteria. The stakeholder tells them an additional business problem related to their current project the stakeholder would like solved with the solution design. The business analyst has just used which technique?  Needs analysis Communicate requirements Stakeholder analysis Interview The correct answer is D. Needs analysis focuses on identifying a business need and creating a business case for a new initiative. Stakeholder analysis involves learning about stakeholders so you can choose the best communication methods. Communicating requirements entails presenting requirements to stakeholders for approval. The only technique listed in any of the answers is interview. An interview can be unstructured and conducted informally. Whenever you are talking with a stakeholder about his or her needs or requirements, you are using this elicitation technique. CORRECT The ______ for a project influences whether the scope statement and WBS will be developed for the entire project at once, or at a high level initially, with more detail for each release.  Budget Schedule  Development approach Network diagram The correct answer is C. The development approach (either plan driven or change driven) in$uences how requirements will be elicited and how the scope statement and WBS will be developed (for the entire project at once, or at a high level for the overall project, and then in more detail for each release). INCORRECT In which process group does the project manager confirm that all the project requirements have been met? Planning Executing  Monitoring and controlling Closing The correct answer is D. It is in the closing process that the project manager con#rms that all the project requirements have been met. The closing e"ort also includes administrative activities such as #nalizing all the paperwork needed to complete the project, and completing technical work to con#rm that the #nal product of the project is acceptable. It also includes transferring the completed project to those who will use it and soliciting feedback from the customer about the product and the project. INCORRECT How are requirements conflicts BEST resolved?  By a decision from the business analyst By a decision from the project sponsor In meetings with a!ected stakeholders By a decision from the project manager The correct answer is C. Stakeholders should be brought to consensus on con$icting requirements whenever possible. CORRECT What tool would a team use to radiate their work in progress to stakeholders? Burnup chart  Kanban board Risk burndown graph Sprint backlog The correct answer is B. Of the options presented, the best tool for showing work in progress would be a Kanban board. The sprint backlog is the work chosen for the current sprint, which isn't the same as work in progress; also, this isn't a standalone tool, it's just a subset of the items in the product backlog. Burnup charts and risk burndown graphs are progress tracking tools. INCORRECT Which of the following isn't a benefit of keeping stakeholders engaged in a project?  It prevents disagreements among stakeholders. It keeps stakeholders interested in the project. It ensures that change requests are communicated more quickly.  It helps identify problems and defects. The correct answer is A. Although keeping stakeholders engaged can help us identify problems and defects, inform the team of change requests as early as possible, and prevent people from losing interest in the project, it won’t prevent stakeholders from disagreeing. However, it can help uncover those di"erences early to make sure the stakeholders can work through their disagreements, and if necessary, steps can be taken to resolve any problems that arise as a result. INCORRECT A ScrumMaster is worried that the team hasn't been reducing their risks fast enough. What makes them think this? Team members are increasingly !nding little things to argue about rather than working together.  The list of remaining threats in the product backlog is still much longer than it should be. The top line of the team's risk burndown graph has been pretty stable over time. The product owner has been complaining that the team's velocity is too low. The correct answer is C. While any of the options could be an indicator of problems on the project, the only one that speci#cally addresses the speed at which risks are being reduced is a risk burndown graph that isn't trending downward. The product backlog doesn't include a list of threats (the threat list is a separate document); only a risk-adjusted backlog incorporates both threats and features. And even if you were looking at the risk-adjusted backlog, "longer than it should be" isn't a quanti#able metric (like the trend line on a risk burndown graph). INCORRECT During Monitor Communications, the project manager will need to rely on metrics established in the communications management plan, as well as ________, to determine if communication is breaking down on the project. Soft skills A#nity diagrams  Decision tree analysis Parametric estimating The correct answer is A. Soft skills, such as conversation and observation, and the metrics established in the communications management plan help the project manager determine if communication is breaking down on the project. INCORRECT Which of the following is a true statement about the role of planning in project management?  Early planning can often be done quickly. Because the project manager typically doesn't have reliable information yet, there is no point in putting a lot of e%ort into the planning process. Planning e%orts should be streamlined as much as possible to avoid lengthening the project schedule. Although planning is a useful way to kick o% each process, it doesn't contribute that much to the project's bottom line. The planning process is a opportunity to walk through the project and get it organized in su$cient detail before any of the work begins. The correct answer is D. The only true statement here is that the planning process is a critical opportunity to think through the project and get it organized before any of the work begins. If you chose any other option here, you need to work on aligning your thinking with PMI's approach. CORRECT The team leader is talking with a designer, who asked for help in getting along better with a tester. The team leader suggested new approaches the designer could try to work more smoothly with the tester. This leads to talk of the designer's ideas for process improvement. The team lead says they are great ideas and asks the designer to bring them up in the team's next retrospective. What is this an example of? Brainstorming  Coaching Problem solving Mentoring The correct answer is B. This scenario is an example of coaching. Although problems are being solved and new ideas are being generated, that is happening as part of the coaching process. There is nothing in the description to indicate that the team lead is the designer's mentor; the scenario simply depicts the role as team leader. INCORRECT A project manager has just completed subjectively evaluating risks on the project. Which of the following is the most important output of this process? A determination of which risks to process further and which to simply document The identi!cation of risk triggers The identi!cation of residual risks  An assessment of overall project risk exposure The correct answer is A. The activities described in the question take place in the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process, and the most important output of that process is a determination of which risks to process further and which to simply document. An assessment of overall project risk exposure is made in the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process. Risk triggers and residual risks are identi#ed in Plan Risk Responses. CORRECT Which of the following are all key outputs of Monitor and Control Project Work?  Corrective action, preventive action, and defect repair Deliverables, change requests, and work authorization system Work performance data, information, and reports Change requests, change log, and issue log The correct answer is A. The key output of Monitor and Control Project Work is change requests, which may also involve corrective action, preventive action, and defect repair. The other choices all include at least one option that is not an output of this process. CORRECT The regulatory requirements for industry compliance are changing. It is critical to confirm that the solution fulfills standards and regulatory compliance. What is the BEST testing to confirm this?  Audit testing Unit testing Integration testing Black box testing The correct answer is A. Unit testing is for individual modules or pieces of the solution. Integration testing makes sure the modules work together. In black box testing, the tester de#nes the inputs and expected outputs of a test without knowing how the software will accomplish the transformation. An audit con#rms compliance to standards or regulations, or #nancial accuracy. Passed. Let's continue.