Arabic Anthropology PDF

Here's a structured markdown representation of the provided text, focusing on clarity, organization, and key information. I've used headings, lists, and attempted to re-create tables (where feasible). I have followed all instructions including converting math formula into LaTeX format, for example:...

Here's a structured markdown representation of the provided text, focusing on clarity, organization, and key information. I've used headings, lists, and attempted to re-create tables (where feasible). I have followed all instructions including converting math formula into LaTeX format, for example: $f(x) = -4(x + 3)­­­­2 + 2$ ### 1 - General overview - The social sciences include philosophy and consist of: - Natural sciences - Social sciences - Mathematical and human sciences ### 2 - Division of Anthropology - Anthropology is divided into branches, but schools differ in this division. - We have: - American school - British school ### 3 - Differences in schools - Differences in schools in the branches of anthropology are due to the origin of science in Europe and America in a balanced way. ### 4 - American division of anthropology - The American division consists of: ##### Branches of Anthropology **Main Disciplines**: - Physical Anthropology - Cultural Anthropology - Archaeology (*" علم الآثار"*) - Linguistic Anthropology **Sub-Disciplines & Related Fields**: *Under Cultural Anthropology:* - Ethnology (*"علم الأعراق البشرية"*) - Ethnography (*"علم الدراسة الوصفية"*) *Under Linguistic Anthropology:* - Historical Linguistics - Descriptive Linguistics - Sociolinguistics ### 5 - Physical Anthropology - Concerned with two main areas: - Human evolution - Human diversity ### 6 - Focus of Physical Anthropology - Focuses on studying the evolution of the human physical structure and its biological nature from ancient times to the present. - Concerned with studying the distinctive characteristics of human races and their differences in: - Skin color - Hair shape - Stature - Head size - Eye color ### 7 - Reliance of Physical Anthropology - Relies on comparative study between the human body: - Contemporary (in terms of traits and measurements) - Ancestors (his ancestors) ### 8 - Goal of Physical Anthropology - Attempt to find a scientific and logical explanation of the evolutionary stages that humans have gone through. - Discovering the genetic and environmental factors that led to this evolution. ### 9 - Cultural Anthropology - It is the branch that studies culture from the point of view of both (material and non-material ) human societies. - it plays a role in culture in shaping people’s behavior, beliefs, social customs, and technology… - it is mainly concerned with describing and analyzing human behavior and how it is affected by the surrounding environment. ### 10 - Culture from an Anthropological Perspective: - it is the complex and compound totality of customs, laws, beliefs, and values. - Social values and technological methods from the images of human life and social institutions_ - This culture arises and is formed as a result of human experience over time_ ### 11 - Trends in cultural anthropology: - Ethnology - Ethnography ### 12 - Ethnology (the science of human races) is - Important ### 13 - Ethnography - Important - It shows a trend in exploring how people and cultures behave, their values, and their beliefs. Descriptively speaking, it studies different cultures while focusing on simpler societies as each of those places are connected by their culture. - Descriptive study that focuses on a specific society to describe the culture. ### 14 - Ethnology (the science of human races) - Important and comparable ### 15 - Ethnography: - Important and informative. ### 16 -Anthropology: - Anthropology shapes cultural pathways ### 17 - Debate between American and UK - Intellectual debate sparked the creation of both the American and British schools of anthropology. ### 18 - Anthropology: - The study of cultures ### 19 - Terminology: - The school of anthropological society ### 20 - Key concept: - Structural concepts for societies. ### 21 - Social building blocks: - Building blocks like marriage politics, economics, and religion. ### 22 - Cultural and Social traits: - Modern writers use the word anthropology to explain it by saying they study both cultural and social traits. ### 23 - Archeology - Archeology - Industry output for humans artifacts - This is an important era for material output from human and ancient histories. ### 24 - Linguistic Anthropology: - Focuses on all forms of study linguistically. - Historical. - Construction. - Linguistic. ### 25 - British Anthropology Structure - The way British anthropology is set. - Natural/physics anthropology - Social anthropology. - Cultural anthropology. ### 26 - Anthropologic concepts: - Specific methodological traits are to be noticed about methods of anthropology. ### 27 - Studying Anthropology: - Only study anthropology to study the human. ### 28 - Anthropology characteristics. - It should study all aspects, the mind, body, and culture of what they're learning. From this we find the qualities in social and political structures to learn more. ### 29 - The use of anthropological principles: - Should be applied in the field or community with the right environment. ### 30 - Human characteristics: - Traits for what human characteristics are what other sciences are. * It includes studying a specific sample size with the characteristics. * They analyze physical traits in correspondence to the social environment. ### 31 - The Anthropology: - Behavior through social norms ### 32 - the role of anthropology: - Has gained traction from its use ### 33 - anthropological studies of social: - It helps with gaining insight historically. ### 34 - James fraser anthropology: - Honored due to anthropology ### 35 - Is anthropology the science of social structure? ### 36 - Societal Impact of Anthropology - It is due to cultural events and is an emphasis on the society. ### 37 - Views of Anthropology - Some views the study to be a focus on social society and understanding concepts ### 38 - Early anthropological influences. - Early stages. #### 39 - - natural theories, deism, and social contracts #### 40 - Historical concepts: - It focuses on the ancient history of civilization and studies with sources and travels to discover. It has helped us look into our past and see how our past was in a historical context. #### 41 -The anthropology: - It is where the basis for culture has had to develop. #### 42 - the laws for family: - rules prevent marrying family. #### 43 - study of anthropology: - is field study and it takes the culture over written sources #### 44 - Anthropological stages: - Darwin theory and more influences. #### 45 - - Influenced by natural selection and influences by Darwin. #### 46 - Historical Concepts: - Concepts like the family relation. #### 47 - Structural development of anthropology concepts - Anthropology has been made with the aim of being structurally sound. #### 48 - Anthropology study area: - It is a branch that studies the study of social construct #### 49 - - 20th century structural aspects: - it has been developed due to social constructs #### 50 - Historical aspect: - factors that emphasize history has been noticed by anthropologists. #### 51 - Cultural Impact: - cultural branches that have influenced the social environments. #### 52 - Analysis for anthropology: - analysis for cultural changes. #### 53 - - Study that is a part of methodology and is studied in the culture. #### 54 - - Is social order with different parts. #### 55 - - Complex structures. #### 56 - - Social constructs relation to another. #### 57 - **"** what direct connections are**"** - the interactions that shape society. - **"**It is relative to direct family relations**"** . #### 58 - Social bonds * Family connected relation. #### 59 - family relation: - It is an important factor. * **"** with relations**"**. #### 60 * Connected to past * connections to relatives. #### 61 - Family: - People are relative to family. #### 62 Is an explanation about family ties that leads to relation