Fungal Growth Experiment PDF

# Section 2: Essential Nutrient Components of Czapexsolex Media for Fungal Growth ## Components: 1. Czapexsdox media - Contains 1- Sucrose 2. NaNoz "Sod. Nitrate" "Source of N" 3. 15H2 Pou "Source Pou" 4. Kd "Source" 5. My. Sulphate "Source Mg" 6. Ferrous sulfate "Source Fe" ## Procedure:...

# Section 2: Essential Nutrient Components of Czapexsolex Media for Fungal Growth ## Components: 1. Czapexsdox media - Contains 1- Sucrose 2. NaNoz "Sod. Nitrate" "Source of N" 3. 15H2 Pou "Source Pou" 4. Kd "Source" 5. My. Sulphate "Source Mg" 6. Ferrous sulfate "Source Fe" ## Procedure: 1. Make 11 flasks. The first flask is a natural mean, containing all components of the media. Others lack one component of the media in each flask. - The first flask has the highest growth of fungi. 2. Sterilization of the media in an autoclave at 121 degrees celsius. 3. Cooling 4. Poor the sterilized media in pre-sterilized plates. 5. Allow the plates to solidify at room temperature. 6. Inoculate the plates with tested Fungi. 7. Incubate the plates at 30 degrees celsius & for 5-7 days. 8. After the incubation period, measure the growth diameter. ## Observation: - The growth diameter decreases comparing the first plate. ## Comment: - Nutrients classified into - **Macro nutrients:** which are needed in larger amounts - C, N, S, P, K - **Micro nutrients:** which are needed in small quantities - Cu, Co, Ca, Zn, Fe ## Importance of Each Element: - **Sucrose:** Carbohydrate source for the cell wall component - **NaNoz:** Nitrogen Source - **Phosphorous:** Source for protein and enzyme synthesis, DNA synthesis, ATP and cell membrane phospholipids ## Fungi: - Fungi need proteins to synthesize enzymes which are responsible for breaking down complex components into simpler components. ## Potassium: - **Activator for enzymes:** without it, enzymes cannot work - **Toxiannes:** Potassium gets rid of negative charges that enter the fungi in large quantities. - Potassium aids in carbohydrate metabolism. ## Magnesium: - **Toxic anions:** Toxic anions are created - **Permeability:** Magnesium is present on the inner wall of fungi and controls permeability ## Effect of Temperature on Fungal Growth ### Procedure: 1. Prepare Czapexdax agar media. 2. Sterilize in an autoclave at 121 degrees celsius and 1.3 atm for 15-20 minutes. 3. Poor media in pre-sterilized Petriplates. 4. Allow the plates to solidify at room temperature. 5. Inculate the plates with tested Fungi. 6. Incubate the plates in incubators at 5 degrees celsius, 15 degrees celsius, 30 degrees celsius, 45 degrees celsius. 7. After incubation period, measure the growth diameter. ### Observation: - Fungal growth has a bell-shaped curve with temperature. ### Minimum Temperature - The lowest temperature where fungal growth occurs. Before this temperature no growth occurs. ### Optimum Temperature: - The best temperature for fungal growth. ### Maximum Temperature: - The highest temperature where fungal growth occurs. After this temperature no growth occurs. ### Types of Fungi According to Optimum Temperature: - **Psychrophilic:** Fungi that grow at low temperatures - **Mesophilic:** Fungi that grow between 25-30 degrees celsius. - **Thermophilic:** Fungi that grow at high temperatures (37-45 degrees celsius). ### Explanation: - There is little fungal growth at low temperatures because the viscosity of the media is high, and kinetic energy of the enzyme decreases due to collisions with molecules and nutrients, meaning kinetic energy decreases. - At high temperatures, enzymes are broken down, so there is no breaking down of nutrients, therefore there is no absorption. - There is a freezing point at which fungal growth stops due to the formation of ice crystals that affect the permeability of the membrane. This prevents the vital activities of the fungus.