Teaching & Learning Principles PDF

## GOAL - To provide participants with knowledge, skills & positive attitude toward teaching and learning principles. ## Objectives - Define key terms - Discuss principles of teaching - Enumerate principles of learning - Have appositive attitude toward teaching and learning principles. ## Outlin...

## GOAL - To provide participants with knowledge, skills & positive attitude toward teaching and learning principles. ## Objectives - Define key terms - Discuss principles of teaching - Enumerate principles of learning - Have appositive attitude toward teaching and learning principles. ## Outlines 1. Define key terms 2. Principles of teaching 3. Principles of learning ## Definition of teaching: - Teaching an active process in which one person shares information with others to provide them with the information to make behavioral changes. ## Definition of learning: - Learning is acquiring new knowledge, behavior, skills, values, preferences or understanding and may involve synthesizing different types of information. ## PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS 1. Encourages Student-Faculty Contact 2. Encourages Cooperation among Students 3. Encourages Active Learning 4. Prompt Feedback 5. Emphasizes Time on Task 6. Communicates High Expectations 7. Respects Diverse Talents and Ways of Learning ## principles of teaching - **Principle (1):** Children and adult think differently. - **Principle (2):** Student learns and retains that which is relevant and meaningful. - **Principle (3):** student learns at different rates. - **Principle (4):** Instruction should be sequenced. - **Principle (5):** Students' view themselves play an important role in their learning - **Principle (6):** Student's learning increases as they assume more of responsibility for their learning. - **Principle (7):** New experiences create interest and often motivate learners. - **Principle (8):** Lessons of shorter duration are more effective than lessons of longer duration - **Principle (9): Organization** - When the subject matter to be learned possesses meaning, organization, and structure that are clear to students, learning proceeds more rapidly and is retained longer. - **Principle (10): Readiness** - Readiness is a prerequisite for learning. Subject matter and learning experiences must be provided that begins where the student is. - **Principle (11): Motivation** - Students must be motivated to learn. Learning activities should be provided that take into account the wants, needs, interests, and aspirations of students. - Success is a strong motivating force. - Behaviors that are reinforced are more likely to be learned. - Students are motivated when they attempt tasks that fall in a range such that success is perceived to be possible but not certain - **Principle (12): Involvement** - Students are motivated through their involvement in setting goals and planning learning activities. - **Principle (13): Knowledge of Progress** - When students have knowledge of their learning progress, performance will be superior to what it would have been without such knowledge. - **Principle (14): Rewards Work** - Behaviors that are reinforced (rewarded) are more likely to be learned. - To be most effective, reward (reinforcement) must follow as immediately as possible the desired behavior and be clearly connected with the behavior by the students. - **Principle (15): Directed Learning** - Directed learning is more effective than undirected learning. - Learning from peers affects student's motivation and achievement - **Principle (16): Inquiry** - To maximize learning, students should "inquire into" rather than "be instructed in" the subject matter. Problem-oriented approaches to teaching improve learning. - **Principle (17): Practice** - Students learn what they practice ## Principles of learning: - **Basic Principles of Learning** 1. Learning is a process of actively constructing knowledge. 2. Students' prior knowledge can help or hinder learning. 3. How student organize knowledge influence how they learn and apply what they know 4. Students construct knowledge and make it meaningful in terms of their prior knowledge and experiences 5. To develop mastery, student must acquire component skills, practice integrating them, and know when to apply what they have learned. 6. Learning is enhanced when it takes place in a social and collaborative environment 7. Goal directed practice coupled with targeted feedback enhances the quality of students' learning. 8. Students need to continue to view learning as an integrated whole. 9. Learners have different ways of knowing and representing knowledge. 10. Reflection is an integral part of learning. ## Adult Learning Principles - **Problem-oriented** - **Self-directed** - **Ready to learn** - **Internally motivated** - **Have experience** The image shows a variety of images associated with the text, including a man putting puzzle pieces together, a brain and hand holding a pen, a graph, and a series of people with thought bubbles. The images illustrate various principles of teaching and learning.