CAD/CAM Introduction Lecture 1 PDF

INTRODUCTION TO CAD/CAM HISTORY AND RECENT APPLICATIONS Dr. Haitham Elessawy , Ph CAM for Prosthetics and Orthotics - FAC 221 1 D  OBJECTIVES 1.Recognize and articulate the historic and current mi...

INTRODUCTION TO CAD/CAM HISTORY AND RECENT APPLICATIONS Dr. Haitham Elessawy , Ph CAM for Prosthetics and Orthotics - FAC 221 1 D  OBJECTIVES 1.Recognize and articulate the historic and current milestones in the development of CAM technology in P&O field. 2.Describe the advanced application of computer in prosthetics and orthotics field 3.Identify the major components and functions of hardware and software in CAM Systems. 4.Produce a 3D model for manufacturing of Orthotic and prosthetic components. 2  TERMENOLOGIES CAD (Computer-aided design): is the use of computer technology for the design of objects, real or virtual. i.e. CAD often involves more than just shapes CAD may be used to design curves and gures in 2D space and solids in 3D. 3 fi.  CAM (Computer-aided Manufacturing) : is an application technology that uses computer software and machinery to facilitate and automate manufacturing processes. CAM is the successor of computer-aided engineering (CAE) and is often used in tandem with computer-aided design (CAD). 4  CNC (Computer Numerical Control): This means a computer converts the design produced by Computer Aided Design software (CAD), into numbers. The numbers can be considered to be the coordinates of a graph and they control the movement of the cutter. In this way the computer controls the cutting and shaping of the material AM (Additive manufacturing) or ALM (additive layer manufacturing): The technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, whether the material is plastic, metal, concrete or…..human tissue. 5.  3-D scanner : is a device that identi es, analyzes, collects and draws/displays shapes or three- dimensional models of real- world environments or solid objects. A 3-D scanner enables the capture of geometric shapes and the recreation of the physical appearance of tangible objects, allowing them to be built and displayed on a computer device. 3D Scanner instantly acquires prosthetic 3D surfaces by gathering measurements made by smoothly sweeping a handheld laser scanning wand. 6 fi  HISTORY Early applications of CAM were in large companies in the automotive and aerospace industries; for example developing the CAD/CAM application in the 1960s for car body design and tooling at Renault. Also DeLaval Steam Turbine Company invented a technique to progressively drill turbine blades out of a solid metal block of metal with the drill controlled by a punch card reader in 1950. 7  Historically, CAM software was seen to have several shortcomings that necessitated an overly high level of involvement by skilled CNC machinists Due to shortage of young, skilled machinists entering the workforce able to perform at the extremes of manufacturing; high precision and mass production. As CAM software and machines become more complicated, the skills required of a machinist or machine operator advance to approach that of a computer programmer and engineer rather than eliminating the CNC machinist from the workforce. 8. 9 10  CAM systems are associated with computer numerical control (CNC) or direct numerical control (DNC) systems. These systems differ from older forms of numerical control (NC) in that geometrical data are encoded mechanically. Since both CAD and CAM use computer-based methods for encoding geometrical data, it is possible for the processes of design and manufacture to be highly integrated. Computer- aided design and manufacturing systems are commonly referred to as CAD/CAM. 11  HISTORY OF CAD/CAM IN P&O The development of the CAD/CAM (Computer-aided design and computer- aided manufacturing) system has globally changed the fabrication and delivery of prosthetics and orthotics. Furthermore, since the introduction of CAD/CAM in the 1980s The development of personal computers and software have also increased the number of successful CAD/CAM systems that specialised in prosthetic and orthotic manufacturing. CAD/CAM technology, involved quantitative assessments, such as load transfer together with nite element (FE) method and limb-socket interface’s stress and strain, can be predicted. The incorporation of CAD/CAM in facilities and universities has allowed countless studies to take place to evaluate the ef cacy of CAD/CAM-in P&O eld. The focal point of many studies was mainly on the challenges to deliver the affordable and durable prosthetic sockets. 12. fi fi fi  The lack of CAD/CAM-derived in the eld of P&O eld, and such efforts essentially have not yet altered the conventional practice in many countries. The lack of digital fabrication services that include delivery and management of the prosthetics and orthotics in the low-middle income countries is also recognised by WHO. 13 fi fi  ADVANTAGES Avoid work duplication. Simplify studying three dimensional geometries avoiding physical models. Simplify input of data for analyses and display of results. Simplify documentation of the product Store experience and information from previous designs. 14.  Test sockets will t more precisely. Saving precious time. Template personal socket design for exclusive use. Receiving virtual model for approval. Plaster is messy and takes a long time to dry CAD , eliminates the use of plaster entirely Accuracy +/- 0.5 mm 15 fi ! Sample of Conventional fabrication of Prosthetics 16 Sample of CAD/ CAM Fab. 17 18 THE DRAWBACKS 19 THANK YOU 20