Cadastral Maps PDF

Chapter 4 Cadastral Maps Cadastral Survey  Lecture Objective  After completing this unit the students are expected to – Understand different spatial data source for cadastral mapping – Identify the content of cadastral map – Identify the attribute or layer o...

Chapter 4 Cadastral Maps Cadastral Survey  Lecture Objective  After completing this unit the students are expected to – Understand different spatial data source for cadastral mapping – Identify the content of cadastral map – Identify the attribute or layer of cadastral maps – Understand the functions of cadastral maps Cadastral Map  Cadastre map: is a technical term for a set of records showing the extent or size, value and ownership (or other basis for use or occupancy) of land.  These maps typically include information such as property boundaries, land ownership, land use, parcel identifiers, and other relevant spatial data.  The primary purpose of cadastral mapping is to establish a systematic record of land ownership and land use rights for legal, administrative, and planning purposes.  Cadastral map  Generally ,Cadastral Maps helps to determine the location of property, indicate the size and shape of each parcel and reveal geo-graphic relationships that affect property value.  Usually cadastral maps need only be “Planimetric” maps, that is to say, they need not show topographical relief. Is there any difference between cadastral 4 map and topographic map?  Topographic Map  Such maps make it possible to show accurately the position of roads, railways, footpaths, villages, rivers, streams, bridges, important buildings, administrative boundaries and other similar features as well as the relief of the land.  Most people are familiar with topographic maps at scales of around 1:50,000. Figure 6-2 Topographic Plan showing physical detail Cadastral map and plan Cadastral Plan: is the foundation block of a cadastre.  This is produced by accurately measuring and recording the boundaries of each property. A properly registered cadastral plan is a legal document. Cadastral Map  Cadastral maps are produced by joining together individual cadastral plans. A cadastral map is a general land administrative tool which has no real legislative basis (as a cadastral plan does). Cadastral map Vs Cadastral plan  Elements of Cadastral Map  Cadastral maps typically include several key elements to accurately represent land parcels and associated information.  Property Boundaries: Clearly delineated lines or boundaries that define the extent of individual land parcels or properties.  Parcel Identifiers: Unique identifiers assigned to each land parcel for identification and reference purposes. These identifiers may include parcel numbers, lot 8 numbers, or other alphanumeric codes.  Conti…. Land Ownership Information: Information about the legal ownership of land parcels, including the names of property owners or titleholders. Land Use Classification: Classification of land parcels based on their primary use, such as residential, commercial, agricultural, industrial, or recreational. Easements: Designated areas or corridors on the map that indicate the presence of easements, rights-of-way, affecting access rights.  Conti…. Physical Features: Depiction of physical features within the mapped area, including natural features such as rivers, lakes, mountains, and man-made features such as roads, buildings, and infrastructure. Survey Control Points: Points of reference established through surveying techniques to accurately position and georeferenced land parcels on the map. Scale and Legend: Information indicating scale of map and legend explaining symbols, colors, and annotations used to represent features and attributes. A cadastral mapping components Geodetic control network Current, accurate, base map layer (ideally, photogrammetrically derived tied to the geodetic control)  Cadastral overlays delineating all real property parcels A unique parcel identifier assigned to each parcel A series of parcel data files containing parcel identi- fiers, ownership and assessment data Additional overlays of interest to the assessor such as municipal boundaries, zoning, and flood plains  Unique Parcel Reference Numbers  The name of the grantor or grantee  A sequential title number  The volume and folio numbers on which the plot is registered  The name of a farm or locality with an individual plot number  The registration block and individual plot numbers  A post office address  A street index reference and parcel number  A grid coordinate or “geocode”  Characterstics of Unique Parcel Identifier Number (UPIN) 1) Uniqueness -is the most important attribute of a PIN. An identifier should be assigned to one and only one parcel. 2) Permanent- Parcel identifiers should be permanent and change only when absolutely necessary. 3) Simple- Parcel identifiers should be easy to understand and use quarter-quarter-section numbers, along with individual parcel and have as few digits as possible. A parcel identifier that is uncomplicated and 13 easily understood helps to reduce errors in its use. Select this paragraph to edit 4) Easily Maintainable - The parcel identification system should be easy to maintain and should efficiently accommodate changes, such as splitting or merging parcels. 5) Flexible - parcel identification system should be reasonably flexible. It should be capable of serving a variety of uses: not just land parcels, but multi-story condominiums, sub-surface rights, leases, easements, etc. 6) Accessibility - the description about the parcel shall be accessible to the user.  Parcel numbering system Hierarchical sequential numbering (most common) BD / SA / 04 / 0235 Bahir Shuma Cadastral Parcel Dar Abo Block No 4 235 Town Kebele Coordinate locator numbering (mostly in the US) - “Intelligent” combination of Easting and Northing to create a unique identifier E 2,511,064 ft 20 – 5512 – 11 – 0360 - 48 N 521,308 ft  Uniqueness, Simplicity, Permanency, Ease Of Maintenance  Unique Parcel Identifier Number (UPIN) for Urban Area  The unique parcel identification code shall take the following form:  Region code + City/town code + Woreda code + Neighborhood code + City block number + parcel number  1) Region code (type= Alphabetic; 2 digit)  2) City/Town code (type= number; 3 digits)  3) Woreda (type= number; 2 digits)  4) Neighborhood (type= number; 2 digits)  5) City Block number code (type = number ; 2digit)  6) Parcel number code (type = number; 3 digit)#  Example: AM001020304005  City maps categorized into three: 1. City Base Map is the original map of the city prepared from actual field surveying or photogrammetric plots. It contains complete Planimetric and vertical information and overlays. 2. Derived maps are basically similar in content to the city base map but are usually at smaller scales; they are derived from the base map and use a certain generalization in presentation. Reduction to required scales, such as 1:5000 and 1: 10000, may be done photographically/cartographic means. 3. Thematic maps include maps not listed in category 1 or 2. Usually, they are single-factor maps providing, on a reference background, quantitative/qualitative information  Unique Parcel Identifier Number (UPIN) for Rural Area   The labeling of holdings and plots with identification numbers shall be conducted from top to bottom in accordance with the administrative hierarchies of the Regional State.  Regional, Zonal, Woreda and Kebele identification codes relating to the land holdings and plots shall be categorized and registered.  The categorization of the Regional and Zonal identification code shall be in the English alphabet.  The categorization of the identification code regarding each and every Woreda, Kebele, holder and plot shall be in numbers.  Conti…  The unique holding identification code shall take the following form:  Region code + Zonal code+ Woreda code + Kebele code + Holding number + Parcel number  1)Region code (type= Alphabetic text; 2 digit: AM)  2)Zone code (type= Alphabetic; 2 digits: AA, BB, CC,..)  3)Woreda code (type= number; 3 digits; 001, 002,...)  4)Kebele code (type= number; 2 digits: 01, 02,...)  5)Holding code (type = number; 4 digit)  6)Parcel number code (type = number; 2 digit: 01, 02,...)  Total No. of digits:- 15  Example: AMEE001010001/01  Spatial and Non Spatial Data Sourse  Land Information System is an automated development of Cadastral Mapping.  In general there are two main topic of concern for setting up a land information system (LIS). 1. Spatial data or Survey data:- describing the spatial disposition or character of the parcels in the real world. 2. Non-Spatial data source:- describing details such as ownership details, tax value etc. 20 – Legal Information  Spatial-Data source  Aerial Images  Satellite Images  Ground measurement by total station  Ground measurement by GPS  Existing analog maps  Comparison of Different Geo- spatial sources/Cost, Accuracy and Time/ No Spatial data Price per Km Level of Time Short comings source 2 accuracy for cadastral surveying 1 Ground Less than Very high Very Needs more time, cost & Survey aerial Accuracy slow extensive man power method 2 Aerial Less than High accuracy slow Needs high initial Cost, Photograph Satellite highly skilled manpower, images very expensive hardware and software & time 3 Satellite Higher than Good accuracy fast Cost, skilled manpower, image all based on v. resolution expensive hardware and software & time required 4 Existing Lower than It depends on Very fast Manpower for drafting or hard copy all the format conversion and image source of data, data manipulation mapping material, scale and age  Non Spatial-Data Source  Legal documents: such as Ownership, Taxation, Land value, Parcel-identifiers, Street addresses, Buildings type, House numbers, Land use,  Field observation  Sample  Questioner  Report  Census Figures Layers of Cadastral MAP  Topographic layers  Vegetation layers  Road layers  Transportation layers: Air strip, Public transport lines, Terminals,  Utility layers  Built-Up area layer: Blocks, Parcels, Buildings, Fences  Jurisdiction layers: Administrative/town boundary, District boundary if there is Kebele  Scale of Cadastral Maps  Cadastral maps are a series of large scale maps showing property boundaries, building and structures on the land and major natural features and provide cartographic land survey and land ownership records.  It facilitates the administration of lands which assists in the valuation and taxation of land. Scale: General planning requires maps at scales such as 1:5000, and 1:10000 For administration, land use, cadaster or detailed planning, maps at scales of 1:500 to 1:2000 are usually used. Standard Scale For Maps Scale ranges Typical standard scales 1:500 1:500 to 1:5000 1:1000 1:2000 1:5 000 1:5 000 to 1:13 000 1:7 500 1:10 000 1:15 000 1:13 000 to 1:33 000 1:20 000 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:33 000 to 1:83 000 1:75 000 1:100 000 1:83 000 to 1:183 000 1:150 000 1:200 000 1:183 000 to 1:433 000 1:250 000 1:500 000 1:433 000 to 1:1 082 000 1:1 000 000 1:2 500 000 > 1:1 082 000 1:7 500 000 Accuracy of Geo-spatial Data  Accuracy of map data is the degree toward which any given feature(s) on a map conforms to its true position on the ground. – Horizontal Accuracy /positional according the National Mapping - EMA = -/+ 30cm (at the scale of 1:2,000) – Vertical Accuracy- EMA standard is = 0.25 or ¼ of the contour interval – 1:500 - 0.5m, 1:1000m -1m, 1:5000 - 2m, 5m.  Functions of Cadastral Map  Requirements of land markets and land registration: their rights and can trade those land rights.  Requirements for land tax and land valuation  Requirement for utilities management in managing their infrastructure and in serving their customers.  Requirement for urban land management: Urban areas or cities require a complete record of all land parcels to manage the land use, infrastructure and assets, and to control development.  Requirement for rural land management: In rural areas knowledge of the ownership rights is also important. However the topographic map (including contours) is just as important or more important than the cadastral map for land management. Designing a Cartographic Map Map Layout  Map layouts can be portrait or landscape according to the shape of the area. The placement of the map should be such that it does not interfere on the other map Map Title  The map title should be set in large bold text to stand out from other annotation on the map. It should be placed in such a way as not to be confused with other map text. Orientation  As a general rule, orientation should be north-south with north at the top of the page. It Shows a north arrow. Map Extent or size  Information should be shown up to the neat line of the map,  Plan the scale of your cadastral map having in mind the way to represent clearly the smallest property; Map Sheet Size  A uniform size for map sheets facilitates handling and storage of maps.  75x75 cm, 80x60 cm, 80x64 cm, A0,A1, A2, A3, A4 North Arrow  Use a north arrow consistent in size, color and style  Place it above the scale bar Scale Bar  Representative fraction e.g. 1:50 000 is essential in addition to scale bar Legend  All features on a map must be explained in the legend  The map legend should be clearly separated from the map. Logos  Place logos of the respected municipal towns in the map legend area.  Avoid reducing logos to such an extent that they are illegible. Sheet Number/Parcel numbering  A parcel identification system provides a method for referencing land parcels, or data associated with parcels, using a number or code instead of a complete legal description.  The correlation of maps and individual property records requires that all parcel files be indexed using a uniform parcel identifier. Index map  Separate any index map clearly from the main map.  Use sparse labelling, but sufficient for orientation.  Use a north arrow (if necessary) and a scale bar. Example of Index Map 33  Coordinate Systems  The datum transformation parameters provided by EMA shall be used for transforming the geodetic coordinates from WGS-84 to Adindan.  In cadastral surveying and mapping activities the transformed coordinates shall be stated in Cartesian coordinate system;  The parameters to be used are:-  1)Semi-major axis (a): 6378249.145m  2)Semi-minor axis (b): 6356514.9667m 34  3)Ellipsoidal flattening (f):1/293.466307656 Projections and Coordinate Systems  Projection – Universal Transverse Mercator ,  Reference Ellipsoid - Clarke1880,  Local Geodetic Datum – Adindan  Unit – Meters, Parameters  a) UTM Grid Zone - 37,  b) Central Meridian - 39º E,  c) False Easting – 500,000 m E  d) False Northing – 0 m N  e) Scale Factor - 0.999 Cartographic Symbolization Select this paragraph to edit Discussion Question 1. Can you describe the content of cadastral maps? 2. Discuss how the north arrow is important for cadastral mapping? 3. Can you briefly explain some of the guidelines for cadastral mapping preparation? 4. Can you describe the function of cadastral maps? 5. Discuss how cadastral map facilitate for land tax and land valuation?