SAT Level Up! Verbal Practice Questions PDF

## Hard Estimated Amounts of Wine and Ale Served at Hampton Court Palace | Year | Wine imported from Europe (gallons) | Ale (gallons) | |---|---|---| | 1528 | 75,300 | 605,100 | | 1529 | 76,300 | 610,400 | | 1530 | 75,100 | 610,000 | | 1531 | 73,250 | 570,100 | | 1532 | 74,800 | 580,450 | A histo...

## Hard Estimated Amounts of Wine and Ale Served at Hampton Court Palace | Year | Wine imported from Europe (gallons) | Ale (gallons) | |---|---|---| | 1528 | 75,300 | 605,100 | | 1529 | 76,300 | 610,400 | | 1530 | 75,100 | 610,000 | | 1531 | 73,250 | 570,100 | | 1532 | 74,800 | 580,450 | A historian studying the 16th-century Tudor period notes that because the water was not safe to drink, alternative beverages were routinely consumed instead, most notably ale and wine. The poor drank bitter ale while the rich drank a higher-quality, better-tasting variety, as well as wine that was typically imported to England from other European countries with climates more suitable for growing grapes. The historian concludes that wine was the preferred drink of the upper-class residents and guests at English palaces such as Hampton Court but further hypothesizes that practical considerations influenced their choice of beverage, noting that **Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to support the historian's conclusion?** * A) The higher amounts of both ale and wine served in 1532 at Hampton Court compared with 1531 suggests that the availability of both ale and imported wine in Tudor England changed over time. * B) For each year listed, the difference in the number of gallons of ale versus wine served suggests that imported wine might have been prohibitively expensive even for the rich to drink in very large quantities. * C) The largest amount of ale and wine combined was served during 1529, which suggests that there was an atypically high number of residents and guests at Hampton Court that year. * D) For each year listed, the difference in the number of gallons of ale versus wine served suggests that residents and guests at Hampton Court preferred the taste of ale to that of wine. ## SAT Level Up! Verbal **Percent of Hours with n Number of Coughs** | 1-5 | 6-10 | 11-15 | 16-20 | >20 | |---|---|---|---|---| | | | | | | | 12-hour study | | | | | | | 895-hour study | | | | | | Researchers ran two studies of the same individual, counting the number of times that individual coughed per hour. First, the researchers studied the individual for 12 hours. Afterwards, the researchers used a device to count the number of coughs per hour over a longer time period of 895 hours. A student considering the data concluded that the individual's coughing patterns showed no similarities between the results of the two studies. **Which choice best describes data from the graph that weaken the student's conclusion?** * A) For both the 12-hour and 895-hour studies, the percent of hours with 1-5 and 6-10 coughs per hour were the largest percentages recorded. * B) The greatest percent of hours in the 895-hour study were in the range of 1-5 coughs per hour. * C) Both studies showed a decline in percentage of hours with n coughs as n increased. * D) The 895-hour study had a larger percent of hours with more than 20 coughs than did the 12-hour study. ## SAT Level Up! Verbal **Attention Scores of Control and Parkinson's Disease (PD) by Sleep Stage** | Sleep Onset | Awake | Light Sleep | Deep Sleep | |---|---|---|---| | | | | | | Control | | | | | | PD | | | | | Parkinson's disease (PD) is difficult to diagnose because many of its symptoms do not appear until relatively late in the progression of the disease. Recently, researchers have used artificial intelligence (AI) to attempt to diagnose PD by analyzing the attention score (a measure from 0 to 1 of the relative importance of some data over others in a given set) of patients in a control group and of patients with PD during different stages of sleep. These researchers claim that the attention scores during different stages of sleep can help predict whether a patient has PD - namely, that those without PD have lower attention scores while awake and during sleep onset than while asleep, whereas the opposite is true for those with PD. **Which choice best describes data in the graph that support the researchers' claim?** * A) Both patients with and without PD had similar attention scores while awake and during the onset of sleep; however, attention scores during light sleep and deep sleep varied significantly within each group. * B) For those patients with and without PD, attention scores during deep sleep were much lower than attention scores during light sleep. * C) Only those patients without PD had attention scores greater than 0.55 while awake or during the onset of sleep. * D) Attention scores of those with PD were significantly higher than those of patients without PD during sleep onset and while awake, whereas attention scores of those with PD were significantly lower than those of patients without PD during light and deep sleep. ## SAT Level Up! Verbal **Frequencies of Language Categories in Publications** | Means and Methods (pattern, Procedure) | Certainty (explicit, precise) | Amplifiers (more, extreme, profoundly) | Diminishers (less, somewhat, merely) | Quantities (multiple, general, enough) | Emotional States (affective, mood ) | Negations (no, not, nor) | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | | | | | | | | | Fraudulent Publications | | | | | | | | Genuine Publications | | | | | | | According to Stanford University professors David M. Markowitz and Jeffrey T. Hancock, certain types of language present in a scientific paper can indicate the presence of fraudulent research. Fraudulent research is a term that describes the inclusion of data or experimental results that were not actually achieved by the scientists publishing the work. The scientists who publish such works could have obtained experimental data contradictory to the thesis which the scientists wanted to support and consequently discarded that data, or the scientists could have taken research from other groups and written about it as if it was their own research. Markowitz and Hancock claim that fraudulent publications include more certain language as a means to project confidence, whereas genuine publications include diminishing language as well as negations that more accurately represent the scientific process of exercising caution when describing results and eliminating variables as the work progresses. **Which choice most effectively describes data from the graph that support Markowitz and Hancock's claim?** * A) For all publications examined, genuine publications contained fewer instances of amplifiers and emotional states than did fraudulent publications. * B) For all publications examined, genuine publications contained more negations but also more instances of certain language than did fraudulent publications. * C) Fraudulent publications contained nearly 200 more instances of certain language but over 200 fewer negations than did genuine publications. * D) Fraudulent publications contained nearly 200 more instances of certain language but over 100 fewer quantities than did genuine publications. ## SAT Level Up! Verbal **Effects on Waste of Single-Stream vs. Separated Recycling in Selected Cities** | City | Amount in landfill (tons) | Amount recycled (tons) | Amount in landfill (tons) | Amount recycled (tons) | |---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | 96,875 | 9,560 | 76,712 | 29,854 | | 2 | 88,476 | 2,654 | 85,609 | 5,993 | | 3 | 75,529 | 15,105 | 68,795 | 20,638 | Single-stream recycling is a system in which residents set out all of their recycling together in one bin, while separated recycling requires residents to separate paper recycling products from plastic, metal, and glass products. In a city council meeting, a committee argues that while switching a city from single-stream to separated recycling will likely reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills, the amount of waste recycled will depend on the willingness of the population of that city to separate their recycling products and to pay higher taxes to support the additional labor and vehicle cost to run separated recycling facilities. The committee concludes its argument by stating that because of these factors, the proportion between the amount of waste in landfills before and the amount after the institution of separated recycling will vary by city. **Which choice describes data from the table that support the committee's conclusion?** * A) The amount of waste recycled in City 1 was the largest amount of waste recycled for all three cities after the institution of separated recycling. * B) The amount of waste in landfills in City 3 decreased while the amount of waste recycled in City 3 increased. * C) The amount of waste in landfills in City 1 decreased by nearly 22,000 tons, while the amount of waste in landfills in City 2 decreased by only about 3,000 tons. * D) The amount of waste in landfills in City 1 decreased while the amount of waste recycled in City 1 increased. ## SAT Level Up! Verbal **Antibiotic Family** | Bacteria | Penicillin (including streptomycin) | Aminoglycosides (including vancomycin) | Macrolides (including methicillin) | Aminopenicillins (including amikacin) | Floroquinolones | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | E. faecium | 75% | 19% | - | - | - | | M. Tuberculosis | 9% | - | - | - | 47% | | P. Mirabilis | 9% | - | - | 22% | 28% | | CONS | - | 63% | - | - | 50% | | C. Difficile | - | 3% | | - | - | | P. Aeruginosa | - | 15% | - | - | 27% | | E. Coli | - | 9% | 22% | - | 22% | | Shigella | - | 56% | 14% | 78% | 33% | | S. Aureus | - | | - | 51% | 0.8% | **Introduced** | - | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s | |---|---|---|---| | - | | | | One of the most common treatments for bacterial infections is the prescription of antibiotics. A focus of biologists such as Dr. Theresa C. Barrett and her colleagues at Princeton University is to study and learn how bacteria acquire resistance to families of antibiotics over time. Barrett and her colleagues studied the resistance of nine bacteria (such as E. faecium) to five antibiotic families (such as penicillin). While other research groups had hypothesized that distance in time since antibiotic introduction determines bacterial resistivity, as the bacteria simply have more time to develop countermeasures to antibiotics, Barrett and her colleagues countered by arguing that the interaction between bacteria type and antibiotic type plays a much larger role than time in determining antibiotic effectiveness. Support for Barrett and her colleagues' argument can be seen by comparing, **Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?** * A) The resistance of M. tuberculosis to macrolides, which were introduced in the 1950s, to the resistance of P. mirabilis to aminopenicillins, which were introduced in the 1960s. * B) The resistance of C. Difficile to macrolides, which were introduced in the 1950s, to the resistance of Shigella to aminoglycosides, which were introduced in the 1940s. * C) The resistance of Shigella to aminoglycosides, which were introduced in the 1940s, to the resistance of Shigella to fluoroquinolones, which were introduced in the 1960s. * D) The resistance of E. coli to penicillin, which was introduced in the 1940s, to the resistance of E. coli to fluoroquinolones, which were introduced in the 1960s.