C4 Chemistry Knowledge Organiser PDF

C4.01 – Introduction to Chemical Reactions C4.01 – Chemical Change and Physical Change C4 Knowledge Organiser C4.02 – Compound Formulae 1 C4.02 – Compound Formulae 2 C4.02 – Writing Formulae From a Structure C4.03 – Compound Formulae With Brackets 1 C4...

C4.01 – Introduction to Chemical Reactions C4.01 – Chemical Change and Physical Change C4 Knowledge Organiser C4.02 – Compound Formulae 1 C4.02 – Compound Formulae 2 C4.02 – Writing Formulae From a Structure C4.03 – Compound Formulae With Brackets 1 C4.03 – Compound Formulae With Brackets 2 C4.03 – Compound Formulae Examples C4.04 – Relative Formula Mass (No Brackets) C4.04 – Relative Formula Mass (With Brackets) C4.05 – Scatter Graphs C4.05 – Scatter Graphs C4.07 – Naming Compounds (Words) C4.07 – Naming Compounds (Words) C4.08 – Naming Compounds (Chemical Formulae) C4.09 – Chemical Word Equations C4.10 – Chemical Symbol Equations  C4 Knowledge Organiser C4.01 – Introduction to Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is the interaction of substances to make new substances. Example 1 A + B  C + D “A plus B reacts to form C plus D” The substances that The substances that react are called are made are called REACTANTS PRODUCTS (left of arrow) (Right of arrow) C4.01 – Chemical Change and Physical Change Chemical Change Physical Change A chemical change A physical change happens when a happens when no chemical reaction new chemical makes new chemical substances are substances. made. C4.02 – Compound Formulae 1 A water molecule The small ‘2’ shows H2 O No number shows there are TWO there is ONE atom of atoms of hydrogen oxygen Two CAPITAL LETTERS Hydrogen = 2 atoms means there are TWO elements Oxygen = 1 atom C4.02 – Compound Formulae 2 We can also include ‘big numbers’ at the start of molecules as we have seen before Two water molecules The big ‘2’ shows there are TWO molecules 2H2O Hydrogen = 2 x 2 = 4 atoms Oxygen = 2 x 1 = 2 atoms C4.02 – Writing Formulae From a Structure We can also write a chemical formula from a diagram of a chemical structure Carbon = 2 atoms Hydrogen = 6 atoms Ethane 2 6 C4.03 – Compound Formulae With Brackets 1 Magnesium hydroxide: Mg(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Anything outside We must multiply the bracket is not everything inside the affected bracket by the number next to the brackets Magnesium = 1 atom Oxygen = 2 atoms Hydrogen = 2 atoms C4.03 – Compound Formulae With Brackets 2 We can also include ‘big numbers’ at the start of molecules as we have seen before Magnesium hydroxide: Mg(OH)2 The big ‘2’ 2 Mg(OH)2 shows there are TWO molecules Magnesium = 2 atoms Oxygen = 4 atoms Hydrogen = 4 atoms C4.03 – Compound Formulae Examples C4.04 – Relative Formula Mass (No Brackets) The relative formula mass (Mr) of a compound is the total atomic mass of each element added together. H2O Mr = (2 x H) + (1 x O) = (2 x 1) + (1 x 16) = 2 + 16 = 18 C4.04 – Relative Formula Mass (With Brackets) The relative formula mass (Mr) of a compound is the total atomic mass of each element added together. Mg(NO3)2 Mr = (1 x Mg) + (2 x N) + (6 x O) = (1 x 24) + (2 x 14) + (6 x 16) = 24 + 28 + 96 = 148 C4.05 – Scatter Graphs Y-axis Data Points The line going up The data the side of the plotted with an graph 80 X ‘x’. 70 X Line of Best Fit This can be 60 X straight or Mass of Water (g) X curved. Axis Label 50 Labels must show the 40 X variable and the Scale unit. 30 X The numbers on each axis. 20 X X-axis 10 X The line going across the Origin 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 bottom of the Where the x Volume of Water (cm3) graph and y axis meet. C4.05 – Scatter Graphs When plotting a graph, we must choose the scale very carefully. To make our data easier to plot, we always use a scale that is a multiple or factor of 10. It helps to think of coins when deciding on a scale: We never use 3, 6 or 9 C4.07 – Naming Compounds (Words) The name of the last element in the compound changes when it is bonded: Group 7 Group 6 Chlorine  Chloride Sulfur  Sulfide Bromine  Bromide Oxygen Oxide Fluorine  Fluoride Iodine  Iodide C4.07 – Naming Compounds (Words) The second part of the compound name changes when more two different elements are involved: Carbon and oxygen  carbonate e.g. sodium, carbon, oxygen sodium carbonate Sulfur and oxygen  sulfate e.g. sodium, sulfur, oxygen sodium sulfate Nitrogen and oxygen  nitrate e.g. sodium, nitrogen, oxygen sodium nitrate Hydrogen and oxygen  hydroxide e.g. sodium, hydrogen, oxygen sodium hydroxide C4.08 – Naming Compounds (Chemical Formulae) A substance can be named from its chemical formula: C4.09 – Chemical Word Equations A + B  C + D “A and B react to form C and D” Example 1 Example 2 C4.10 – Chemical Symbol Equations Chemical reactions can also be represented by chemical symbols: Example 1 carbon and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide Carbon + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide C + O2  CO2