Management: Science, Art, and Profession PDF

Mgmt as a science: Sci compromises of exact principles that can be verified and establish cause and effect relations. Mgmt is a sci but not a pure sci like physics, chem or bio but it is rather social sci. As it deals with ppl and their behaviour.’ The following are common features of sci which are...

Mgmt as a science: Sci compromises of exact principles that can be verified and establish cause and effect relations. Mgmt is a sci but not a pure sci like physics, chem or bio but it is rather social sci. As it deals with ppl and their behaviour.’ The following are common features of sci which are included in mgmt also. 1. Systemazied body of knowledge Sci is well backed up by a body of knowledge A set of knowledge that is organised in a methodical way Has its principles and concepts which are universally applicable They may be analysed and understood in a methodical and logical manner 2. Universally applicable principles Science as principles that can be universally applicable such as the law of gravitation Similarly, mgmt Principles are universally applicable such as unity of command. Can be used in any form of org Mgmt principles are adjusted to meet the demands of the org 3. Principles based on experiment and research Theories of science are developed based on research and experiment In this sense, mgmt is a sci as it attempts to solve the problem by observing & analyzing the problem with proper research It is based on facts 4. Establish causes and effect relationship Scientific theories establish causes and affect relationships eg when water is heated it boils. In this sense, mgmt is sci as it establishes cause and effect relationship eg poor motivation leads to low performance. Hence cause is poor motivation and the effect is low performance. From the above features, we can conclude that mgmt is sci as it satisfies the features of sci but like sci mgmt is unavailable to produce accurate results. This is coz mgmt deals with human behaviour which is complex and unpredictable. For this very reason, mgmt is a social sci. Mgmt as an art: Art is being able to execute theoretical knowledge into practical. It is an act of perfecting a particular work with enhancing practice. Hence, mgmt is an art as it consists of all the required elements needed to be art. 1. Existence of theoretical knowledge To be good at a particular field he/ she should have theoretical knowledge EG If u want to be a sales manager u need theoretical knowledge of sale The same goes for mgmt and other related field To manage a business ui should have knowledge of mgmt which helps u to become a manager. 2. Need for practical knowledge Even if u have theoretical knowledge that is not enough to excel Having theoretical knowledge won't be enough, he/she should be able to implement that knowledge into practice Being an experienced manager with a handful of knowledge but does not know how to execute it practically then u are not able to do mgmt 3. Creativity Form of mgmt Solves difficulties that are not easy to fix Some problems require to be addressed through creative problem-solving and innovative thinking to handle unique challenges. 4. Personal skills Managers develop personal approaches to leadership, decision-making, communication etc. This skill emphasises the intelligence and creativity of an individual which is crucial for navigating the complexities of an org. 5. More practice enhances knowledge. As the saying goes practice makes a man perfect same goes with mgmt. Like any other form of art, knowledge and skills involved in mgmt enhanced through practice Mgmt and art have been compared in the above points. It gives us the conclusion that mgmt can also be taken as an art coz the success of a manager depends upon his ability to put his theoretical knowledge into practice. Mgmt as a profession: A profession is an occupation which is backed up by specialized knowledge. To become a manager, s/he is required to be professional and to have specialised knowledge. The following are the characteristics of the profession which are also covered by mgmt to some extent. 1. Specialized knowledge The profession requires to have specialized knowledge of a specific sector Mgmt is a body of a well defined specialized knowledge A professional manager should know of this specialized knowledge and their practical implementation in different situations 2. Academic education and training Managers are required to be well educated as well as trained properly It is even better to get hand on hands-on experience through an internship Manager, s/he should have their skills and expertise up to date in order to improve their performance timely 3. Need of fee to receive services To receive the services of a professional it is mandatory to pay for free These fees compensate managers for their knowledge, experience and the value they bring to improving organizational performance To access these services, businesses typically pay fees which can be structured as salaries or consulting fee 4. Social responsibility Professionals have a responsibility to fulfil obligations and ethical values. Managers also need to fulfil social needs and expectations They need to do business by considering social values 5. Association of members All the professionals have their representative associations to look after their interest in the profession. In the context of Nepal, many representation institutions are available Nepal has MAN- Management Association of Nepal. Its members exchange knowledge and experience regularly. All the managers do not become members of the association. From the above discussion we can see that mgmt and profession are alike on some specific requirement. Nowadays managers are considered an emerging profession as managers like professionals earn handsome money.