Bullying PDF

Bullying In late 1982, a newspaper reported that three 10-14-year-old boys from the northern part of Norway had committed suicide, in all probability as a consequence of severe bullying by peers. This event aroused considerable uneasiness and tension in the mass media and the general publ...

Bullying In late 1982, a newspaper reported that three 10-14-year-old boys from the northern part of Norway had committed suicide, in all probability as a consequence of severe bullying by peers. This event aroused considerable uneasiness and tension in the mass media and the general public. A nationwide campaign against bully/victim problems in Norwegian primary and lower secondary schools (grades 1-9), launched by the Ministry of Education in the fall of 1983. Bullying: Common Misconceptions Incidents of bullying among students are not serious. Bullying is a natural part of growth and development, it is something that empowers children. Telling adults about being bullied is snitching. Bullying behaviors are actually innocent jokes between children. Only boys bully. Bullying: Common Misconceptions Bullies are children with low self-esteem. If bullying is ignored, the bullying stops. Bullying incidents mostly occur outside of school. Verbal bullying does not have as serious consequences as physical bullying. Bullying It is the repeated exposure of a student to negative behavior by another student or students. Three important factors in bullying behavior: 1. It is aggressive behavior or intentional “harm doing” 2. which is carried out “repeatedly and over time” 3. in an interpersonal relationship characterized by an imbalance of power. Bullying Olweus (1987): A person is bullied when he or she is exposed, regularly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more persons. Roland: The long term and systematic use of violence, mental or physical , against an individual who is unable to defend himself in an actual situation. Bullying Bullying can be in the form of a socially acceptable behaviour,as in a highly competitive approach to academic, sporting or social success, which , by intent , makes others feel inferior or causes distress. Bullying is a behavior which can be defined as the repeated attack physical, psychological. Social or verbal by those in a position of power, which is formally or situationally defined, on those who are powerless to resist, with the intention of causing distress for their own gain or gratification. Be careful: Normal peer conflict peer bullying The balance of power is equal, there is There is no inequality of power, no friendship. friendship. It happens from time to time. It is repetitive and systematic. It is not serious, it is temporary. It is serious and has physical and psychological effects. There is no particular pursuit of gain. It has the purpose of power and control. There is remorse and taking responsibility. There is no regret or taking responsibility There is an effort to solve the problem. There is no effort to solve the problem. They react equally emotionally. The victim of bullying experiences intense negative emotional reactions. Where Bullying happens: classroom toilets dining hall canteen school bus School yard, recess time Roles in the Bullying Cycle: exhibiting bullying behavior (Bullies) Subjected to bullying behavior (Victims) Bystanders The Bully ( Zorbalık Yapan) Aggressive to parents, teachers, peers, siblings, impulsive Positive attitude to aggression and aggression means No guilt, shame or embarrassment, little empathy with the victims Strong, though, powerful, well coordinated, dominant, confident:peers confuse this with leadership skills Good communicator, fast verbal responses, able to talk way out of trouble The Bully ( Zorbalık Yapan) A sense of fun, more popular than victim Self image of power, see themselves as though, succesful and capable Poor control over aggressive impulses Enjoys the discomfort and the distress of weaker students Low level of home supervision and monitoring, such as times for returning home Low empathy and negative emotions between parents and child The Bully ( Zorbalık Yapan) Inconsistent control and discipline Marital conflict, chaotic home background Use of aggression condoned, social image of though and powerful encouraged Parents likely to have been bullies themselves The Victim Anxious, insecure, cautious, sensitive, quiet, submissive Reacts to attackby crying, yelling, withdrawal, helpless anger Negative view of self and the situation Feels a failure, stupid, ashamed, unattractive, lonely and abandoned No single close friend or supporter in the school Poor communicator Physically weaker, poor coordination The Victim Over protected and dependent on family Close relationship within the family Feels unable to meet parental expectations-feel unassertive and unable to defend her/his self Bystanders ( İzleyiciler) If the audience isn't around, the bullying kid loses power They do not have very protective attitudes in friendship relationships. Lower emotional stability and extroversion They have less aggressive attitudes than other roles Types of Bullying Physical Bullying Verbal Bullying Sexual Bullying Social Bullying Cyber Bullying Physical Bullying: Hitting your head against the wall or desk slapping/punching Kicking - tripping Placing an uncomfortable object on the seat Hitting the head or neck Attacking or intimidating with cutting tools Forcing to leave the playground Physical Bullying: Damage to personal belongings: taking items or food by force stealing money or items force someone to buy something Scribble in notebooks or books Using your belongings without permission Verbal Bullying: Making fun of physical features (height, weight, hair , etc. ) Making fun of appearance (clothes, glasses) Making fun of speech style, accent or dialect Calling derogatory names (nicknames) Swearing Verbally threatening Sexual Bullying: Takes place verbally, physically or digitally Verbal-sexual bullying: It occurs through derogatory, threatening, sexually explicit names and addresses directed at a person's gender and appearance. Physical-sexual bullying: Persistent contact with the person's private parts without his/her consent, threatening/pressuring/blackmailing the person into performing sexual acts he or she does not want. Cyber-sexual bullying: combining a person's photos with sexual symbols or images, sending messages, sharing videos Social Bullying: Exclusion from play and various activities Exclusion and isolation Ignoring, rejecting Preventing other students from talking and making friends (trying to provoke a rift between them) Gossip and rumor making Complaining unfairly (to the teacher, principal) Slander (iftira) Cyber Bullying: It is the aggressive, deliberate and repeated use of electronic-based communication tools by an individual or group against a person who cannot defend himself. Spreading embarrassing rumors and gossip about you on the Internet Taking embarrassing photos of someone without their permission via their mobile phone Sending threatening, embarrassing and hurtful messages Imitation; engaging in harmful online activities against others using personal information as if they were that person Cyber Bullying: Features that distinguish cyberbullying from others: Anonymity: In other types of bully, the bully can be noticed and necessary intervention can be made. In cyberbullying, identity is anonymous. Accessibility: In cyberbullying, the bully can reach the child 24/7, unlike other types of bullying, it cannot be limited to a certain living area of the child. Eyewitnesses-spectators: The audience is larger, when the pictures are posted on social media, many people can see them. Direct Bullying – Indirect Bullying In direct bullying, the bully and the victim are face to face. Indirect bullying involves behaviors such as spreading rumors about the victim, excluding them from the group, not allowing them to play, sending derogatory letters or messages.  boys – physical and direct bullying Girls – indirect And social bullying According to the research results; Boys are two-thirds more likely to be bullied than girls, and children of both genders are more likely to be bullied by boys. Bullying by Age: As children get older, the types of bullying behavior change. Direct bullying at a young age turns into indirect bullying behavior as age increases. Physical--------Verbal--------Social Signs of Bullying: The child being bullied Having wounds, bruises, cuts, or nail marks on your body without a specific explanation Your clothes and personal school belongings are damaged/lost. He is usually alone during breaks and does not have any close friends in the classroom. Not being selected for team games/group activities or being selected last. Wants to be close to the teacher or other adults during breaks Signs of Bullying: The child being bullied Difficulty expressing oneself in lessons Decreased interest in school and lessons Sudden or gradual decline in school performance Avoiding asserting oneself within the peer group, withdrawing Increased absenteeism Anxious, sad mood crying frequently Signs of Bullying: Bullying child If the child has aggressive attitudes Treats other children harshly and makes fun of them Manipulates and puts pressure on people Easily becomes restless or angry Signs of Bullying: Bullying child Gives excessive importance to social status and popularity Uses nicknames or derogatory remarks about friends while getting through the day If a warning is received that he/she is disturbing children in his/her own class or in classes younger than him/her Effects of Peer Bullying: Depression Exacerbation of existing problems (stuttering, obsessions) Low self-esteem, negative self-perception School phobia (not perceiving school as a safe place) Anxiety disorders (social anxiety, panic, fear) physical complaints tendency to use substances suicidal thoughts