Building System Design - Lesson 1 Reviewer PDF

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE Time ○ How long should it take Vitrivius, a Roman about 2000 years fore the project to finish? ago, indicated that architecture was ○ Timely project completion b...

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE Time ○ How long should it take Vitrivius, a Roman about 2000 years fore the project to finish? ago, indicated that architecture was ○ Timely project completion based on convenience, strength, and is essential to meet the beauty. In the 17th Century, Sir Henry client's needs and market Wotton, an English writer, referred to demands. these as “commoditie, firmness, and ○ Delays can lead to delight”. Thus: increased costs and potential project Convenience - constructed to cancellation. serve a purpose Quality Strength - capable of ○ What are the acceptable withstanding the elements and strength or quality of the normal usage for a reasonable materials? period of time ○ Quality materials and Beauty - must be visually workmanship ensure the pleasing, inside and out safety and longevity of the building. REQUIREMENTS / KEY CONSIDERATIONS ○ Compromises in quality FOR CLIENTS can lead to structural Cost failures and safety ○ How much would the hazards. project be? ○ Project affordability is critical; overly expensive projects may be abandoned. ○ Budgeting must include initial construction costs, long-term maintenance, and operational expenses. TRADITIONAL BUILDING PROCESS Planning may include the following: Space Determination: Identifying the types and sizes of spaces The owner hires an architect to develop needed by the client. the design according to their needs. The Location and Interconnection: architect then creates his/her own team Planning the relative locations with engineers and interdisciplinary and interconnections of these consultants. Once design is developed spaces. and approved by the owner, it will Circulation: Designing pathways undergo bidding process to determine and accessibility within the the contractor who will construct the building. project. Environmental Control: Determining the level of control Role of the Architect: over temperature, lighting, and The architect initiates the design acoustics. process and develops the Facilities: Including necessary project's conceptual plans. facilities such as restrooms, Architects are responsible for the kitchens, and other support aesthetic and functional aspects spaces. of the building. Aesthetics: Ensuring the building's visual appeal and alignment with Role of Engineers and Consultants the client's vision. Engineers and other consultants are selected by the architect to Engineering may consist of: provide expertise in structural, mechanical, electrical, and other Enclosure Determination: specialized areas. Designing the building envelope Collaboration among including walls, roofs, and floors. professionals is often limited, Structural Support: Ensuring the leading to potential integration building can support its own issues. weight and withstand external forces.  Environmental Control Systems: project, design is developed Implementing systems for concentrating on the heating, ventilation, air technology. The objective is to conditioning, and lighting. bring the building into clearer Water Supply and Waste focus and to a higher level of Removal: Designing plumbing resolution where preliminary systems for fresh water and construction drawings, outline sewage. specifications, and preliminary Safety: Providing fire safety cost estimates are completed. systems and ensuring safe 4. Contract Document Phase - evacuation routes. Information and instructions provided to the builder are in form of working or construction drawings and specifications that are incorporated into the construction contract and therefore part of legal documents between builder and 1. Planning - compilation of owner’s client. requirements, conditions that 5. Contract Award - after all the may affect the construction documents are prepared, the process, payment schedule, architect will assist the owner in milestones and completion, and obtaining the bids from how it will all be accomplished. contractors or in negotiating a 2. Conceptual Phase - schematic contract with the qualified drawings are created in this contractor. phase. These are mainly sketches of the proposed solutions so that About the Traditional Building Process the owner can see what the It's a linear process. Every phase building would look like. Cost carries a particular task that must estimators also prepare initial be completed before moving on construction cost for these to the next. solutions. 3. Design Development - after approval of schematics drawings and rough estimate of the BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGN Value analysis - is an investigation of the Operations research - is the application relationship between life-cycle costs of te scientific method to the study of and values of a system, its components operations of large and alternatives to these. The objective complex organizations or activities. is attainment of the lowest life-cycle cost for acceptable system Systems - assemblage of performance. componentsformed to serve specific functions or to meet specific objectives and subject to constraints or restrictions. Systems analysis - provides precise paths that guides creativity toward the best decisions. Subsystems - are components that may be grouped into smaller assemblage SYSTEM DESIGN PROCEDURE that meet the definition of a system. Systems Design - application of scientific methods o selection and assembly of components or subsystems to form the optimum system to attain specified goals and objectives while the subject to given constraints and restrictions. Analysis: process of providing Value - is a measure of benefits what the system should anticipated from a system or from the accomplish. contribution of a component to system Synthesis: process of selecting performance. This measure must be components to form a system capable of serving as a guide in a that meets the design objectives choice between alternatives in system while subject to the constraints. evaluation.  Appraisal: process of evaluating air conditioning, elevators, escalators, system performance. walkways, dumbwaiters, and conveyors. They may be responsible for designing (This procedure is repetitive or cyclical and inspecting the installation of these that the feedback on information of systems. produced system is better than the predecessor. Thus, design should Electrical Engineer: A specialist in converge to optimum design) designing electric circuits, controls, safety devices, motors, generators, INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF BUILDING lighting, and other electrical equipment. SYSTEMS They may also be responsible for designing and inspecting the installation Architect: A professional with a broad of these systems. background in building design, trained to analyze client needs and transform Construction Manager: A specialist them into buildings. Architects must with extensive experience in building understand the influence of natural construction. This individual may be a factors like geography, climate, general contractor, a former project material resources, site, and manager, or an architect or engineer orientation, as well as economic, with practical construction technological, and sociological factors, management knowledge. The and allied arts. construction manager directs the construction of complex buildings and Structural Engineer: A specialist in must be familiar with commonly used applying scientific principles to design construction methods. load-bearing walls, floors, roofs, foundations, and framing needed for Value Engineer: An expert in value building support. They are responsible analysis, often leading a team of value for the structural design and the analysts specializing in structural systems, inspection of structural elements during plumbing systems, electrical systems, or Construction. cost estimating. The value engineer liaises between the building team and Mechanical Engineer: An expert in the value analysis group. applying scientific principles to the design of plumbing, heating, ventilation, MAIN PARTS OF BUILDING a basement, foundation walls must be furnished to 1. Structural system - is that which is carry the exterior walls and built or constructed, an edifice or to keep the earth outside building of any kind, or nay piece from collapsing into the of work artificially built up or basement. composed of parts joined ○ Spread Footing: unless together in some definite foundation walls can be manner. seated on string rock, ○ Floor: flat, horizontal support must be furnished surface on which desired to keep them from sinking human activities can take into the soil. place. In better buildings, ○ Interior Wall or Partition: floor may be a deck laid spaces for various on the ground or activities are enclosed to supported above ground separate them from each on structural members other and form rooms. such as joist. ○ Roof: buildings are topped 2. Enclosure system with roof to shelter the uppermost floor and 3. Circulation - refers to the usually waterproofed to movement of people through, exclude precipitation. around and between buildings Rafters are often and other parts of the built necessary used to support environment. the roof over the top floor ○ Door: a panel that can be on structural members. moved to fill the opening ○ Exterior Wall: outer to bar passage or to clear perimeter of the floors is the opening. Exterior walls enclosed with an exterior also have opening wall extending from equipped with doors to ground to roof to further permit entry to and exit protect against wind, rain, from the building interior. snow, and extreme ○ Stairs: provided especially temperatures. To provide in multistory buildings there  is one floor above another Heating/Cooling: this is installed for normal or emergency to maintain the desirable indoor use and to permit temperatures. This equipment is movement from one floor often supplemented with ducts or to the next. pipes that conduct warmed or ○ Escalators: are also chilled air or liquid to various provided to move people rooms in building. from floor to floor using moving steps driven by electric power. In buildings with many floors, elevators are powered lifting devices that are provided for vertical transportation. ○ Ramps or sloping floors: are also used for movement between floors Performance requirements in some areas such as Aesthetics qualities parking garages and Regulatory requirements stadiums. Economic considerations Environmental impact 4. Environmental control system - refers Construction practices to the outdoor and indoor environment that helps regulate sensory experience Plumbing - referred to certain pipes that of people in the building. are installed in the building. Distributing Windows: glazed with inserted water to areas where it is needed is one transparent materials that allows of its functions. Other pipes serve as to admit daylight to the building wastewater collector, roof rainwater interior and provide occupants a drainage, and some other wastes that view of the outdoors. It excludes sometimes that it kept out of the wind, rain, snow, and other building. Also, part of the plumbing extreme temperature. Often system are valves, traps, and other openable to be used as controls and fixtures like sinks, lavatories, ventilation for building interior. bathtubs, water closets, urinals, and bidets. Electrical systems - provide electrical power into the interior and distribute the power where needed for lighting heating, operating motors, control systems and electronic equipment through electrical equipment and wiring. Lighting fixtures are considered part of the system and other wiring installed for communication like telephone, paging and signal, and alarm systems.