Social Learning Lecture Notes PDF

# 19/9 W8 Lecture 3 ## Social Learning - Classical and instrumental conditioning involves learning from direct experience. - Skinner/Watson said all behavior results from: - Conditioning and reinforcement - Generalization of learned responses - **Observational Conditioning** - Behavior...

# 19/9 W8 Lecture 3 ## Social Learning - Classical and instrumental conditioning involves learning from direct experience. - Skinner/Watson said all behavior results from: - Conditioning and reinforcement - Generalization of learned responses - **Observational Conditioning** - Behavior can act as a **US** that supports classical conditioning. - **Fosted by Cook & Mineka (1990):** Observed monkeys in the presence of the **CS** and similar toys. ### Prepared vess for learning - Cook & Mineka discovered we have a biological preparedness to learn fear quicker than other stimuli. - Learning can occur from both: - Observing others perform an action. - Observing the consequences of others performing an action or behavior (R-RFA). ### Observational instrumental learning 1. **Emulation:** Understanding there is a goal but not using the same method to reach access to the goal. 2. **Imitation:** Copying behavior with reference to a goal. ## Social Facilitation - Learning from direct experience due to living in a social group/social hierarchy. - **Examples:** 1. **Goal Enhancement:** Access to consequences facilitates trial and error learning. 2. **Stimulus Enhancement:** Follow others in a group and being more likely to approach the same places. 3. **Increased Motivation to Act/Explore:** Try new things in the company of friends and parents. ## Social Facilitation vs Social Learning - Behavior is **not** through direct observation. - Learning is **indirect**. - Behavior is changing via increased access to the goal or stimulus. - Motivation to act by following or being near others. ## Social Modelling - **Bandura, Ross & Ross (1961):** Social Modelling is copying the behavioral style of others. - Children will not only imitate an adult's specific behavior but also model general styles of behavior. - **Suggests a cognitive aspect of social learning:** - Understanding of the actions of others/modellers. - Use this information in situations where it is useful. - Information is not always used immediately, may delay - **Modeling is dependent on the reinforcement/punishment (focuses on the model).** - Modelling can occur through social networks as well, not just in person (no relationship between modeller and observer).