BPED-53-Unit-2-1B.pdf

Central Mindanao University | 2024 UNIT II NATURE AND SCOPE PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS PRESENTERS: Abuton, Karyl Jean B. Cuales, Jhon Deniel Kurt A. Obedicen, Benedict Angelfred Anggot, Donjay S. Dupo, Felix A. Jr. Reyes, Ericka Ann B. Binghay, Angel Berry A. Goloron, Andamanan Jabyss D. Sudaria, Irene J. Catipay, Sergie Rose S. Madrid, July Jean L. BPED 1-B BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 1 1. Physical Education 1.1 Meaning and Scope 1.2 Contemporary 1.3 Philosophy, Goals, and Objectives 1.4 Importance 1.5 Specialized Areas Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 2 Meaning and Scope of Physical Education The word physical education comprises of two words Physical and Education. The plain dictionary meaning of word physical as relating to body characteristics of a person such as physical strength, physical endurance, physical fitness physical appearance or physical health. The word education may mean the systematic instructions or training or preparation for some particular task. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 4 Contemporary Physical Education Contemporary physical education refers to the modern approach to teaching and learning physical activity, fitness, and health. Key elements include: A focus on lifelong physical activity and wellness, rather than just competitive sports. The goal is to develop skills and habits that promote active, healthy lifestyles. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 5 An emphasis on personalized, inclusive, and developmentally-appropriate instruction. Lessons are designed to meet the diverse needs and abilities of all students. Use of technology, such as heart rate monitors, fitness trackers, and interactive exercise equipment to enhance learning and track progress. Interdisciplinary connections, drawing from fields like exercise science, psychology, and kinesiology to provide a more holistic view of physical activity and its benefits. Increased attention to social-emotional learning, with activities that build collaboration, communication, and leadership skills. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 6 Philosophy, Goals, and Objectives Philosophy in Physical education Entails principles that teach students the mechanics of physical activities, why its important, and how they can and should remain physically active on their own. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 8 Philosophy, Goals, and Objectives Goals of physical education Health and Fitness: Physical education programs encourage a healthy lifestyle by teaching pupils the value of regular exercise, proper diet, and a physically active lifestyle. Motor Skill Development: Physical education promotes the development of core motor skills such as coordination, balance, and agility, all of which are necessary in daily living. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 9 Mental Well Being: Physical activity can relieve stress, increase mood, and promote mental well-being by generating endorphins and decreasing anxiety. Social Interaction: Sports and physical education allow people to engage, cooperate, and acquire social skills while also fostering collaboration and sportsmanship. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 7 Philosophy, Goals, and Objectives Objectives: Social development Physical development Mental development Emotional development Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 10 Importance of Physical Education - Physical Education builds the students’ competence and confidence to take part in a range of physical activities that become a central part of their lives, both in and out of school. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 11 What is physical education: - Physical education is aimed at developing a range of students’ physical competencies, enabling them to perform and enjoy various physical activities with confidence. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 12 Physical benefits of physical education: In children and adolescents, physical activity promotes bone health, encourages healthy growth and development of muscles. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Emotional benefits of physical education: Physical education provides students with the opportunity to participate in various sports and games, where they learn about teamwork, anger management, competition, self-control, and personal growth. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 14 Mental benefits of physical education: Physical activity is shown to reduce stress hormones, helping students maintain their mental health. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 15 Social benefits of physical education: Physical education offers many team-based sports and activities, which provide students with the opportunity to work together, helping to build valuable life skills such as teamwork, cooperation, and empathy. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 16 Academic benefits of physical education: Regular physical activity is shown to improve cognitive performance among students. This is because physical activity is proven to enhance cognitive functions related to memory and attention. Sportsmanship benefits of physical education: Through physical education, student’s learn how to deal with both winning and losing with respect Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 17 Importance of physical education in daily life: Overall, physical education enables students to develop a wide range of life skills with benefits such as: Encouraging a healthy and active lifestyle throughout the school body Nurturing sportsmanship in all aspects of competition Widening each student’s sporting experience and enjoyment Creating a passion for active recreation and sport Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 18 Specialized Areas of the Study of Physical Education Sports Science: Examines the physiological, biomechanical, and psychological aspects of sport. Exercise Physiology: Focuses on the body's response to physical activity and performance optimization. Athletic Training: Deals with injury prevention, assessment, and rehabilitation for athletes. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 19 Sports Management: Involves the business and administrative side of sports and recreation. Kinesiology: Studies human movement and its effects on health and performance. Physical Education Teaching: Prepares individuals to teach physical education, including curriculum and instruction. Recreation and Leisure Studies: Covers planning and management of recreational activities and facilities. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 2.Sports 2.1 Body of Knowledge 2.2 What is Sport? 2.3 The Fields of Philosophy and their Application to Sports 2.4 East and West: The Traditions of Philosophy 2.5 Scope of the Philosophy of Sport Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Body Of Knowledge The body of knowledge is the complete set of information, skills, and understanding that experts in a particular field know and use. It's like the "toolbox" of important ideas, methods, and facts that people in that area need to know to do their jobs well. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Body Of Knowledge In the field of Sport, the body of knowledge includes areas like exercise physiology, sports medicine, biomechanics, motor learning, and sport psychology, among others. Each of these areas contributes to the overall understanding of how physical activity impacts the body and mind, how to teach and coach effectively, and how to manage and organize sports and physical education programs. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 is an organized, competitive activity governed by rules to ensure fair play. It involves physical activity, whether casual or organized, aimed at using, maintaining, or improving physical abilities and skills while providing entertainment. Sports promote health through body movement and can be categorized into three main types: individual sports, dual sports, and team sports. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Exercise Physiology Explores the impact of exercise on the body, including adaptations in muscle, cardiovascular, and neurological systems, essential for fitness instruction and program design. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Sports Medicine Focuses on the treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation of sports-related injuries, crucial for ensuring athlete health and safety. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Sport Biomechanics Applies principles of physics to understand movement, helping to improve athletic performance and reduce injury risk. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Sport History Provides context by examining the evolution of sports, influencing current practices and future trends. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Sport and Exercise Psychology Investigates the psychological factors influencing performance and well- being, aiding in mental training and motivation strategies. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Motor Development Studies how motor skills develop, particularly in children, which is key for designing age- appropriate physical education programs. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Motor Learning Examines how skills are acquired and refined, informing effective teaching and coaching methods. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 PE Pedagogy Focuses on the methods of teaching and learning in physical education, aiming to create effective learning environments and assess outcomes. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Adapted Physical Activity Specializes in designing physical activity programs for individuals with disabilities, ensuring inclusivity in physical education. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Sport Management Covers the business and organizational aspects of sports, including event management, marketing, and facility operations, essential for running successful sports programs. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Sports Philosophy Reflects on the ethical and philosophical dimensions of sports and physical activity, helping to shape the values and principles that guide practice. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 What is Sport? Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Sport refers to physical activities or games, usually competitive, that involve physical exertion, skill, and often a team or individual effort to achieve a specific goal. Sports can be played for fun, recreation, or at a professional level, and they often have established rules and guidelines. Examples of sports include soccer, basketball, tennis, running, and swimming. Sport encompasses a wide range of activities that can be broadly categorized based on the nature of the competition, the skills required, and the physical demands involved. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 1. Formalism - Formalism posits that sports are defined by their rules. The essence of a sport is in its formal structure, which includes rules, regulations, and objectives. 2. Conventionalism - Conventionalism suggests that sports are not just about formal rules but also about the conventions and traditions that surround them. It focuses on the implicit agreements and understandings shared by participants and spectators. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 3. Broad Internalism (Also known as Interpretivism) - Broad internalism goes beyond both formalism and conventionalism by focusing on the values and purposes that underlie sport. It emphasizes the internal goods of sport, such as fairness, excellence, and the spirit of the game. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 The Fields of Philosophy and their Application to Sports 1. Ethics- This field examines moral principles and values. In sports, it explores issues such as fair play, doping, sportsmanship, and the moral implications of performance- enhancing drugs. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 2. Aesthetics- This branch deals with the nature of beauty and artistic taste. In sports, it can be applied to the beauty of athletic performance, the elegance of movement, and the appreciation of skill and technique. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 3. Epistemology- This area focuses on the nature and scope of knowledge. In sports, it relates to how athletes acquire skills, the role of training and experience, and the impact of intuition versus learned techniques. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 4. This field deals with the nature of reality and existence. In sports, it examines concepts such as the nature of competition, the essence of athletic identity, and the mind- body relationship. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 5. Political Philosophy- This examines the nature of justice and the role of institutions. In sports, it can address issues related to equity, inclusion, and the role of sports organizations in promoting or hindering fairness and equality. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 6. Logic- This field involves reasoning and argumentation. In sports, logic can be used to analyze strategies, decision-making processes, and the validity of various training methods or game tactics. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 East and West: The Traditions of Philosophy Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Spirituality and Self-Cultivation: Sports in the East, particularly martial arts (Karate, Judo, Tai Chi, Kalaripayattu, etc.), are often seen as a pathway to self- discipline, inner peace, and spiritual enlightenment. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Holistic Approach: Sports and physical training are viewed as one part of a holistic way of life, where mental, physical, and spiritual well-being are interconnected. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Ethics and Morality Confucianism and Bushido (the Samurai code in Japan) stress the importance of moral integrity, honor, and respect. In sports, this translates into respecting opponents, following rules, and valuing the journey over the outcome. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Focus on Inner Mastery: In the East, sports are often seen as an avenue for inner mastery rather than mere physical competition. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Competition and Achievement: Western sports are often seen as competitive activities where the goal is to win, excel, and achieve personal or team glory. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Individualism and Heroism: Western sports are often focused on the individual as a hero, celebrated for overcoming challenges. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Physicality and Performance: Western sports tend to place a high emphasis on physical performance, efficiency, and measurable outcomes. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Rules and Rationality: Western sports are heavily structured around rules and standardization, reflecting the Western emphasis on rationality and order. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Celebration of the Body: In the West, there is a long-standing tradition of celebrating the physical body and athleticism, dating back to Greek and Roman times. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 PPHHYOOISL FO SSTORP ANSWER: PHILOSOPHY OF SPORTS Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 It is a branch if philosophy that explores the nature, purpose and value of sport and athletic activities that focuses on understanding and analyzing the issues of sports as human activity. PHILOSOPHY OF SPORTS Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 SCOPE OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF SPORTS Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Scope of the Philosophy of Sports I. SPORTMANSHIP “Sportsmanship is the quintessential sporting virtue. It has also been thought important to civic and cultural life beyond sport” (Sabl, 2008) Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Scope of the Philosophy of Sports I. SPORTMANSHIP It does not only a crucial value within the realm of sports but also has significant implications for broader societal and cultural contexts. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 ELEMENTS OF SPORTMANSHIP = TRUE SPORTMANSHIP Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 IMPORTANCE OF SPORTMANSHIP Good sportsmanship is essential for creating a positive sports environment, focusing on respect, fairness, and empathy. It offers numerous benefits including enhanced self-esteem, teamwork, resilience, community sense, reduced aggression, and promotes inclusivity. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 CHEATING Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 II. CHEATING Cheating is an unethical, deceptive behaviour intended to break the rules and make illegitimate gains (Reddiford, 1998) Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Lance Armstrong “Cheating is wrong if everyone else is doing it” Oliver Leaman “Cheating can become part of a game’s strategy and excitement. If everyone accepts cheating, it may not be morally wrong”. Hugh Upton He suggests that in team sports, a player may have a moral duty to cheat to win, especially if their teammates are also cheating. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Common Forms of Cheating in Sports: Match-fixing: manipulation of the outcome of event for financial gain Equipment violations: Using irrelevant equipment Unsportsmanlike conduct: violates the spirit of fair play, such as taunting opponents or intentionally injuring them. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 WHY DO ATHELETE CHEAT? Pressure to win. Financial incentives Personal glory. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 CONCEQUENCES OF CHEATING LOSS OF CREDIBILITY DISQUALIFICATION. LEGAL PENALTIES NEGATIVE IMPACT ON SOCIETY Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF CHEATING Stricter enforcement of rules: Sports governing bodies can implement more rigorous testing and penalties for cheating. Education and awareness: Athletes can be educated about the dangers and consequences of cheating. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF CHEATING Ethical training: Coaches and other sports officials can emphasize the importance of fair play and sportsmanship. Improved governance: Sports organizations can strengthen their governance structures to prevent corruption and ensure that rules are enforced fairly. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Performance enhancement in sports refers to using strategies or aids to improve athletic performance. These can include mental techniques like positive self-talk and physical training to enhance strength, speed, and endurance. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 BENEFITS Improved physical and mental abilities: Athletes can excel in their chosen sport by enhancing their strength, speed, endurance, agility, flexibility, and mental focus. Reduce the risk of injury, increase their competitive edge, and achieve their full potential in their sport. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 RISK Overtraining: Pushing oneself too hard can lead to injuries and burnout. Improper techniques: Incorrect training methods can increase the risk of injuries. Performance-enhancing drugs and supplements: These can have serious health consequences. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Nutrition and Athletic Performance Balanced diet: Athletes need a diet rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Hydration: Staying hydrated is essential for optimal performance. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 IV. Violent and Dangerous Sport Involve harmful, illegal, and dangerous actions that can result in physical injuries for players, spectators, and fans. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 IV. Violent and Dangerous Sport Aggression in sports can have a negative impact on performance. Aggressive behavior by one player can deteriorate the performance of the entire team. Fear of defeat and poor performance can lead to violence and aggression as players attempt to protect their self-esteem. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Injury Prevention and Recovery: Injury prevention: Proper warm-up, stretching, and conditioning can help prevent injuries. Recovery: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) can aid in recovery. Rehabilitation: Physical therapy and rehabilitation are crucial for recovering from injuries. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Sex, Gender, and Race in Sport This area examines how our understanding of sex, gender, and race affects the way we experience and participate in sports. It asks questions like: Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Fans and Spectators This area looks at the role of fans and spectators in shaping the meaning and experience of sport. Fans and Spectators are the lifeblood of sports. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Disability Sport This area examines the unique challenges and opportunities presented by athletes with disabilities. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 Can a disabled person play sports? - Yes, absolutely! People with the disabilities can and do play sports. In fact, sports are fantastic way for people with disabilities to stay active, build confidence and connect with others. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports 13 The Aesthetics of Sport This area explores the beauty, artistry, and emotional impact of athletic performances. Central Mindanao University | 2024 BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports Central Mindanao University | 2024 "Sports are not about winning or losing, they're about the journey. It's about pushing yourself beyond your limits, learning from your mistakes, BPED- 1B and becoming the best version of yourself. It's PRESENTERS: Abuton, Karyl Jean B. about the camaraderie, the shared experience, Anggot, Donjay S. Binghay, Angel Berry A. and the lifelong lessons learned on the field." Catipay, Sergie Rose S. Cuales, Jhon Deniel Kurt A. Obedicen, Benedict Angelfred Dupo, Felix A. Jr. Goloron, Andamanan Jabyss D. Madrid, July Jean L. Reyes, Ericka Ann B. END OF PRESENTATION Sudaria, Irene J. BPED 53 - Philosophical and Socio-anthropological Foundations of PE and Sports

BPED-53-Unit-2-1B.pdf

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