Bovine Pathology PDF

Disease What does it look like Lesions Clinical signs Pathogenesis/causes Congenital disorders - bilateral hydrocephalus - domed head shape -...

Disease What does it look like Lesions Clinical signs Pathogenesis/causes Congenital disorders - bilateral hydrocephalus - domed head shape - in utero viral infections of BVDV + - Marked bilateral extension of - Lethargic SBV ventricles - Seizures - BVDV- bocine viral diarrhoea virus - Reduced size of surrounding brain - Poor sucking reflex - SBV- schmallenberg virus parenchyma - cerebellum hypoplasia - wide based stance - in utero viral infections of BVDV + - Low head carriage SBV - Incoordination - BVDV- bocine viral diarrhoea virus - SBV- schmallenberg virus - palatoschisis - not suckling - hereditary, drug induced, teratogenic - Hard palette completely missing or - Anorexia plants replaced by thin membrane - Cough - Aspiration pneumonia (accessory lobe affected) Calf diphtheria - multifocal subacute, fibrin-necrotising - cause- fusobacterium necrophorum laryngitis - Trauma or mucosa causes bacteria to infiltrate tissues Gastrointestinal disease - diffuse catarrhal enteritis - rotavirus - Yellow watery fluid - Cryptosporidium - Coronavirus - Adenovirus - E.coli - diffuse, segmental, catarrhal + - rotavirus heamorrhagic enteritis - Cryptosporidium - Coronavirus - Adenovirus - E.coli Disease What does it look like Lesions Clinical signs Pathogenesis/causes - multifocal to coalescing fibrinous - clostridium perfringens enteritis - Salmonella enterica Nervous system disease - mutlifocal heamorrhage + malacia - recumbency inflammation of CNS - Opisthotonos (stargazing) - encephalitis - Hyperesthesia (rigidity) - meningitis - Dullness - myelitis - Blindness - meningiomyelitis - Head pressing Intoxication (no gross or microscopic lesions) - botulism - tetanus - Neoplasia Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis - - keratoconjunctivitis - bovine herpesvirus 1 IBR - Respiratory disease - Pustular vulvovaginitis - viral infection of epithelial cells + - balanoposthitis endothelia - Abortions - Vasculitis - Erosions/ulcers Bovine viral diarrhoea - BVD - repiratory + digestive disease - bovine pestivirus - Abortions - Viral infection of epithelial/endothelial cells - Vasculitis - Erosions/ulcers Disease What does it look like Lesions Clinical signs Pathogenesis/causes Malignant catarrhal fever - MCF - pansystemic disease - ovine herpesvirus 2 - Alcelaphine herpesvirus 2 - Widespread arteritis-phlebitis + lymphoproliferative disease - Erosions + ulcers Ezoonotic calf pneumonia - superlative bronchopneumonia - bovine herpes virus type 1 - Consolidates, firm + grey - BRSV- bovine respiratory syncytial - Dark red in cranioventral areas of virus lungs - Pl-3 - parainfluenza 3 virus - Mannheimia haemolytica - fibrinous pleuropneumonia - pasteurella multocide - Fibrin - histophilius somni - mycoplasma bovis Mastitis - congestion - ecoli - Hyperaemia - P. Aeuroginosa - Haemorrhage - K. Pneumonia - necrosis - ecoli - F. Necrophorum - Clostridium perfringens - pus - pyrogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, - Abscess streptococcus, truperella pyrogens) Tuberculosis - mutlifocal granulomatous pneumonia - - mycobacteria bovis lung - ZOONOT|IC - Lymph node - multifocal to coalescing - Zeihl Neelson stain to visulaise granulomatous lymphadenitis bacteria Disease What does it look like Lesions Clinical signs Pathogenesis/causes Ruminitis - increased thickness or keratin layer - metabolic acidosis - diets rich in carbs -> increase in - Hyperkeratosis - yellow - Circulatory shock lactic acid -> decrease in Ruminal - Parakeratosis - black - Diarrhoea pH -> killing of normal microbiota - Laminitis - Overgrowth of micro-organisms: Lactobacillus spp., streptococcus bovis, aspergillus sp. - below 5.5 pH - Sweet smell in rumen - Aqueous humous taken + measure BHB but only in fresh carcass Bottle jaw - Subcutanous oedema in ventral neck - cachexia - decreased on optic pressure (liver/ + brisket - Serious atrophy of pericardial adipose kidney failure) tissues/bone marrow - due to hyperalbumina - plasma kept within vascular, any lesion causes leakage - Increased hydrostatic pressure (heart failure) - pressure within venous system - building up of pressure into venous system - increased vacuolation permeability (vasculitis) - caused by septicaemia - not common in animals - Decreased interstitial drainage (damaged lymphatics) - any mass or damage to lymphatics Disease What does it look like Lesions Clinical signs Pathogenesis/causes Johnes disease - diffuse chronic granulomatous - malnutrition - mycobacterium avian subspecies enteritis paratuberculosis - Cerebriform appearance - Confirm by histopath, culture or PCR Black leg + gangrene - skeletal muscle - depression - clostridia (PCR, FAT, IHC) - Necrotising + heamorrhagic myosotis - Tachycardia with gas bubble formation - Respiratory distress - External traumatic wound - Fever due to toxaemia, bacteriamia + - Bacterial overgrowth septicaemia - Exotoxin production - Shock - Tissue damage - Death - heart - Necrotising + heamorrhagic myocarditis Polioencephalomalacia - Cortex - dullness - thiamine deficiency - Laminar cerebrocortical necrosis - Blindness - Excessive sulphur intake - Head pressing - Lead poisoning - Sudden death - confirm by histo path - Lesions glow under UV light