Booster Cheat Sheets – Cells & Organelles PDF

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© Copyright 2022,2024, © Copyright Booster Prep Booster PrepInc. Inc. Booster Prep Booster Cheat Sheets – Cells & Organelles All Rights Reserved. All Rights Res erved. Organelles Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytoskeleton Extracellular Matrix Contains the cell’s DNA, and Has ribosomes attached to the Maintain cell shape & movement. Function to provide mechanical coordinates cell activities such as structure. Functions to synthesize support & helps bind adjacent cells protein synthesis & reproduction and store proteins. Microtubules: (most abundant = collagen) Note: in prokaryotes, nucleoid Composed of tubulin. Support cell & contains genetic material) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum mobility for cell activities Found in Plants Centrioles: development of Nucleolus Functions to synthesize lipids and spindle fibers for cell division Cell walls: provide support steroid hormones for export Cilia: Short hair like extensions Plastids: variety of organelles Site of ribosome (rRNA) synthesis serving various metabolic from cell for movement Flagella: Thread-like extension activities such as chloroplasts for Cytoplasm Golgi from cell for movement photosynthesis The fluid-filled area in which the cell's Modifies and packages proteins (i.e., metabolic activities occurs; also glycosylate polypeptides) Intermediate filaments: Traits of Prokaryotes: includes the organelles Maintain cell shape Lysosomes 1. No nucleus 2. Single, circular, naked, double- Mitochondria Made by Golgi. Functions in Microfilaments: stranded DNA apoptosis, and break down of Composed of actin. Used for cell 3. Ribosomes (50S + 30S = 70S) Double layered, makes ATP, site of nutrients, bacteria, & cell debris motility 4. Cell walls (peptidoglycan); fatty acid catabolism. Has own circular archaea (polysaccharides) - DNA and ribosomes Peroxisomes Vacuoles many have sticky capsules on Ribosomes Common in the liver & kidney that Vesicles inside cell that move the cell wall function to breakdown substances materials & are membrane bound 5. Flagella are constructed from Made of rRNA; makes proteins flagellin, not microtubules Cell Membrane Properties Substance Movement Phospholipid Allows small, uncharged, hydrophobic molecules to freely pass the Passive Transport: no ATP (down gradient) Water Balance of Cells Membrane membrane. Other molecules that are large, polar, or charged Permeability requires a transporter. Includes simple diffusion, osmosis, dialysis, plasmolysis, Hypertonic: higher facilitated diffusion, and countercurrent exchange solute concentration Cholesterol Regulates fluidity of cell membrane Hypotonic: lower solute concentration Membrane Proteins Active Transport: uses ATP (against gradient) Isotonic: equal solute concentration Channel Proteins Carrier Proteins Solutes like small ions, amino acids, monosaccharides Passage through the membrane for Changes shape after binding to specific Endocytosis hydrophilic (water-soluble), polar, molecule that enables it to be passed across and charged substances Phagocytosis: plasma membrane invaginates around Junctions Includes: Transport Proteins undissolved material (solid), like bacteria Pinocytosis: plasma membrane invaginates around Anchoring Junction: includes desmosomes; connects 2 cells togethers Ion Channels: Voltage-, Proteins that can use ATP to transport materials ligand-, or mechanically-gated dissolved material (liquid) Tight Junction: encircles each cell, producing a seal that prevents the passage of across the membrane; includes active transport Receptor-mediated Endocytosis: form of pinocytosis in materials between cells; is characteristic of cells lining the digestive tract Porins: Less specific; pass ions (e.g., sodium-potassium pump) and facilitated which specific molecules called ligands bind to receptors Gap Junction: narrow tunnels between animal cells; allow passage of ions and small and polar molecules diffusion molecules