Milady Standard Esthetics Fundamentals Exam Review PDF

CENGAGE Learning Milady Standard Esthetics: O 2013 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. Fundamentals Exam Review, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Eleventh Edition...

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The publisher makes no representations or warranties of anv kind, including but not A warranties of fi tness for particular purpose or merchantability, nor are any such representations implied with respect u material set forth herein, and the publisher takes no responsibility with respect to such material. The publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or part. from the readers' Use ol, o upon, this material. Printed in United States ofAmerica 14 15 16 17 18 23 22 21 20 19  Milady Standard Esthetics: Fundamentals Exam Review Contents. Foreword iii Part 1: rientation 1 CHAPTER 1-History and Career Opportunities in Esthetics 1 CHAPTER 2-Life Skills. CHAPTER 7 3-Your Professional Image. CHAPTER 4-Communicating for Success...13..19 Part 2: General Sciences.25 CHAPTER5-Infection Control: Principles and Practices CHAPTER.25 6-General Anatomy and Physiology. CHAPTER.33 7-Basics of Chemistry..41 CHAPTER 8-Basics of Electricity..47 CHAPTER9--Basics of Nutrition..53 Part 3: Skin Sciences.59 CHAPTER 10-Physiology and Histology of the Skin 59 CHAPTER 11-Disorders and Diseases of the Skin. CHAPTER..67 12-Skin Analysis.77 CHAPTER 13-Skin Care Products: Chemistry, Ingredients, and Selection...83 Part 4: Esthetics.91 CHAPTER 14-The Treatment Room.91 CHAPTER 15-Facial Treatments.97 CHAPTER 16-Facial Massage.105 CHAPTER 17--Facial Machines..111 CHAPTER 18--Hair Removal.117 CHAPTER 19-Advanced Topics and Treatments.123 CHAPTER 20--The World of Makeup.127 Part 5: Business Skills 133 CHAPTER 21-Career Planning...133 CHAPTER 22--The Skin Care Business..141 CHAPTER 23-Selling Products and Services..151 ifi  1  Part 1: Orientation CHAPTER 1-HISTORY AND CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN ESTHETICS 1. Who is responsible for examinations, licensing, and standards? a. state licensing inspectors C. licensing specialists b. state board members d. esthetician examiners 2. What did the ancient Egyptians do before other cultures? a. cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion b. build magnificent public baths C. develop the hair-removal practice of threading d. develop cosmetic surgery 3. What is restoration work? a. surgical procedures used to help rebuild bodies after accidents b. another name for cosmetic surgery C. the esthetics specialization associated with mortuary science d. rebuilding hairstyles after a long day 4. Why were the ancient Hebrews able to adopt many skin care and grooming techniques from other cultures? a. their level of education was higher than that of other cultures b. they were nomadic C. they cultivated a sense of what we now call "the global community" d. they were entrepreneurial What adye derived from leaves and shoots of the mignonette tree? 5. is a. elderberry C. camilla b. henna d. pomegranate 6. What type of magnificent public buildings were the ancient Romans famous for constructing? a. smokehouses swimming pools C b. baths d. massage parlors 7, What is the primary purpose of camouflage makeup? a. to disguise imperfections such as scars b. to create the illusion that someone has darker skin than they do C. to shield the skin from the harmful effects of the sun d. to make a person stand out in public 1  L as method of hair removal known as 8. Where was the ancient threading invented? C. China a. Vietnam Hi d. Japan b. Korea 22NA meaning "skilled in the use of 9. What is the ancient Greek word cosmetics"? C. kazamattika a. kozmetikos d. cosomotico b. cosmetticoso 10. Where on their faces did women wear colored makeup during the Middle Ages? C eyes and nose a. eyes and lips d. nose and cheeks b. cheeks and lips What does a manufacturer's representative do? 11. a. train others on product knowledge and how to sell products b. perform safety inspections C. sell products to customers d. perform esthetics treatments on clients 12. What was a bare (shaved or tweezed) eyebrow thought to signify during the Renaissance? a. greater social standing C. greater intelligence b. greater wealth d. greater fertility 13. What do mobile estheticians do? move from station to station within the salon b own portable equipment and make house or office calls C. rotate between several different salons within a chain d. work at two or more independently-owned salons 14. What was true of some elaborate hairstyles during the Age of Extravagance? a. they contained fountains with running water b. they contained gardens and menageries c. they contained elaborate electrical light effects d. they featured movement created by the use of hydraulics 15. What is product development? a. amount of time a product needs to cure before it can be used b. practice of getting clients accustomed to certain products c. field of creating new products and technologies d. practice of building a customer base for a new product 2  16. When did women pinch their cheeks and bite their lips to add color? a. Age of Extravagance C. Victorian Age b. Elizabethan Era d. Renaissance 17. What career should those with journalistic abilities consider pursuing? a. state licensing inspector C. esthetics writer b. esthetics educator d. state board member 18. What is a buyer's responsibility? a. demonstrating the use of products to salon managers and estheticians b. making "secret shopper" visits to ensure stores are not overcharging C. purchasing products from one store to resell them in another d. purchasing products to be sold and used in stores an 19. What term refers to the art of manipulating materials on atomic or molecular scale? a. nucleotechnology C. nanotechnology b. minitechnology d. microtechnology 20. Who visits spas and salons to ensure compliance with state regulations? a. official state spa technician b. state licensing inspector C. state cosmetics regulator d. official state esthetician 21. What did the ancient Eqyptians use to dye hair and tattoo skin? a. henna C. animal blood b. rosemary d. crushed stone 22. What term refers to a profession that integrates surgical procedures with esthetic treatments? a. cosmetology C. medical aesthetician b. beauty technician d. makeup stylist 23. When did women use bleach to make their hair blond? a. Renaissance C. age of the Roman Empire b. Middle Ages d. age of the ancient Greeks 24. What became a common practice in the twentieth century? a. creating elaborate hairstyles featuring gardens and menageries b. creating body art with henna C. dyeing the hair blond with bleach d. cosmetic surgery 3  25. What ancient culture commonly offered physical treatments in public baths? a. Greek C. Japanese b. Hebrew d. Roman 26, When did a more relaxed approach to clothing, hair, and makeup become popular? a. beginning of the twenty-first century b. middle of the eighteenth century C. end of the nineteenth century d. beginning of the twentieth century 27, What ancient culture used the way a person looked naked as the basis for determining beauty? å. Greek C. Japanese b, Roman d. Chinese 28. Who issues requests for compounding pharmacies to mix special preparations? a. physicians b. nurses C. salon managerS d. manufacturer's representatives 29. What did the ancient Hebrews use to moisten and protect the skin? a. olive and grapeseed oils C. rosemary and thyme b. henna d. mineral water 30. What can estheticians do if they obtain a medical license? a. dispense drugs in the salon b. prescribe medications C. formulate and sell medications d. perform surgery in the salon 31. What must you obtain before you become an esthetics educator? a. medical license doctorate degree C b. master's degree d. certification 32. What type of esthetics work requires a. booth rental that you join a union? b. mobile esthetician C. manufacturer's representative d. film and TV makeup artist 4  to become a cosmetics 33, What should youknow before deciding buyer? a a. you must reccive certification before becoming buyer a you a become buyer b, you will travel great deal if you become a buyer C. you will spend most of your time alone if new people if you become a buyer d. you will rarely interact with supervision of a 34. What type of esthetics work requires the mortician? a. restoration C. reconstitution revivification d. recombination b. an outgoing personality for 35. What is a career that requires success? a. restoration makeup worker b. state licensing inspector C. esthetics writer d. manufacturer's representative 5  CHAPTER 2-LIFE SKILLS 1. What term refers to the conscious act of planning your life? game plan i C. life design b. personal scheme d. course of action 2. What propels you to do something? a. procrastination C. criticism b. motivation j d. self-management 3. When you prioritize, in what order should you list tasks that need to be done? a. most to least important C. easiest to hardest b. least to most important d. hardest to easiest 4. What do good life skills help you achieve? a. quaranteed financial success b. your personal best C. guaranteed career advancement d. more than anyone else 5. What is your professional responsibility with regard to personal problems? a. seek guidance from your manager b. seek guidance from your clients C. keep these problems to yourself d. avoid people when you're in a bad mood 6. What helps you understand the needs and desires of the people around you? a. judgment c. prioritizing b. communication d. self-management 7.. What is true about deep breathing? a. it is an effective tool for stress management b. it should be avoided in the workplace because of chemicals C. you should only do this after work because you need tìme to relax d. it is relaxing, but it inhibits your concentration 8. When should you begin organizing for the next day? a. at the end of the work day b. duringyour last appointment C. while you are having lunch d. whenever you take a break  9. What is time management? a. allotting time for tasks so all tasks can be completed b. making a list of things you want to accomplish c. keeping track of what time it is throughout the day d. supervising people to make sure they record their time proDerdy 10. What is your scope of practice? a. the hours your salon is open every day the amount of time you can make available to each client b. C. the geographical region in which you can legally operate d. the products and treatments you can offer 11. What is teamwork? a. working collaboratively to maintain productivity and reduce stress b. helping others do their jobs even if you have a client at your station C. identifying tasks that your supervisor can perform for you d. asking other estheticians to help you perform client services 12. What term refers to putting off until tomorrow what you can do today? a. time management C. prioritizing b. scheduling d. procrastination 13. What does a mission statement establish? a. how much money a business will make in its first year b. the values an institution or individual lives by C. how many employees a business will have after, five: years d. which charities a business plans to support 14. What is NOT an element of a good work ethic? a. trustworthiness C. respectfulness b. tardiness d.supportiveness 15. What are boundaries? a. limits you on set sharing personal information b. physical borders of your work station C. draping you place across clients to protect d. limits you set on how them from spillage much work you are willing to do 16. What is the term for your outlook on life, a. attitude based on your beliers b. emotional stability C. equilibrium d. reliability  17. What is NOT one of the things that will determine your success? a. the way you handle yourself b. your technical skills C. whether you get a medical license d. the way you behave toward others 18. What is a good strategy if you find studying overwhelming? a. break studying down into manageable tasks b cram at the end so you get studying over with quickly C. learn everything you can during class and avoid studying d. find out what is on the exam and learn only that information 19. What posture should you use when studying? a. lying down on your back b. lying down on your chest C. sitting upright d. sitting in a reclining position 20. What is true about mission statements? a. they are essential elements of business plans b. they are optional elements of business plans C. they should not be created until the business is already operating d. mission statements are not appropriate for every business 21. What helps you decide what you want out of life? a. procrastinating C. time management b. goal setting d. prioritizing 22. What does the term ethics refer to? a. moral principles by which we live and work b. laws that keep us from stealing from employers C. regulations that state which products can be used on your certification. d. services you can perform, based 23. Why should you learn from your mistakes? a. so you know how to get away with things in the workplace b. so you know the limitations of your abilities C. to help you grow in your professional life d. to help you avoid interactions with your manager 24. What blocks the creative mind from exploring ideas? a. feedback C. criticism b. guidance d. enthusiasm 9  25. What term refers to a well thought-out process for achieving something? a. self-management G. prioritizing b. procrastination d. time management 26. What is diplomacy? a. keeping personal problems to yourself b. being tactful in your dealings with others wrong c. making critical observations when people do things d. telling a client she looks good when she actually does not 27. What is true of a pleasing attitude? a. it willgain you associates, clients, and friends b. it will send the message you can be pushed around by managers C. it makes clients worry that you willonly say what they want to hear d. it will benefit you in your private life, but not in your work life 28. What is true about obtaining appropriate state licensure or certification? a. it is not necessary for establishing credibility as an esthetician b. it is the first step to establishing credibility as an esthetician C. only managers are expected to have licenses and certificates d. only salon owners are expected to have licenses and certificates 29. What is true about staying on time with appointments? a. it not very important, because clients are almost is always late b. it is a minor aspect of time management for estheticians C. it most important aspect of time management for. is the estheticians d. youshould expect to fall behind at least once every day 30. How early should a new client arrive before his or her first appointment in order to fill out a client intake form? 5 minutes C. 15 minutes b. 10 minutes d. 30 minutes 10  sense of achievement? 31. Howshould you measure your a. by asking other people whether they consider you successful your definition b. by comparing your achievements to of success money your fellow students by keeping track of howmuch make your parents level d. by comparing your achievements to of affluence 32. What is true of a healthy lifestyle? your goals a. it is a tremendous asset in reaching money to buy gym b. it is a luxury for people with memberships c. it has no bearing upon your professional career a lifestyle if you are an d. it is impossible to live healthy esthetician you demonstrate good manners? 33. What will happen if every person you meet a. you will get along with single respect b. you will engender goodwill and your clients or managers C. you will never have problems with in other estheticians d. you will alwaysearn larger tips than your salon in class? 34. When should you ask questions something a. when you don't understand you are paying impression b. when youwant to give the attention something you find C. whenever the teacher discusses interesting information will be on d. whenever the teacher discusses what the exam 11  CHAPTER 4-COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS 1. What do you earn when you approach a new client with a smile on your face? a. a new personal friendship b. trust and loyalty C. a bonus from your manager d. career advancement a 2. When should client fill out an intake form? a. before arriving at the salon C. during treatment b. before receiving services d. after treatment 3. What is considered a legal document? a. intake form consent form C. b. color chart d. service record 4. Why should you offer a compliment if you see that a cO-worker has done something well? a. that's the only way to get a compliment in return b. so your manager will see you praising a co-worker C. managers are too busy to keep up employee morale d. everyone benefits from a well-deserved compliment 5. What does everyone in the salon deserve from you? a. respect personal favors C b. assistance with their jobs d. affection 6. What is an appropriate action in the event of unethical behavior on the part of the manager, such as sexual harassment or misappropriating funds? a. perform a citizen's arrest b. challenge the manager's authority C. physically eject the manager from the salon d. create a petition demanding the manager's termination 7. What is an example of a positive nonverbal cue? a. checking out your nails while someone is talking b. yawning during conversation C. good eye contact d. lookingat your shoes while someone is talking 19  you make amends? you did 8. When should manager dislikes something a. when you can tell the wrong b. when you are a co-worker dislikes something you did when youcan tell C. amends you never need to make d. the field of must you master in order to thrive in 9. What aesthetics? C. the art of manipulation a. psychology d. the art of communication b. psychiatry on trust? 10. What is based a. your scope of practice b. strong professional relationships c. certification and licensure satisfaction d. your personal you ensure continued patronage from your clients? can 11. How person who can make them a. by saying you're the only look good professional communication b. by perfecting manipulation c. by perfecting professional the salon giving clients free samples every time they visit d. by When should a client be asked to reschedule his or her 12. appointment? more than 15 minutes late a, when he or she arrives particular when you're not in the mood to interact with that b. client in a rotten mood C. when you can tell the client is more then five minutes late d. when he or she arrives a client who should be scheduled 13. What is a good description of at the end of the day? a. Someone who his habitually late b. someone who is never sure of the services they want C. someone who is often rude to the salon staff someone who is habitually talkative 14. When should you argue with a client? a. when a schedule mix-up occurs b. when the client disagrees with you c. when you are certain that the client is wrong d. never 20  15. What is a goal of the "assess" consultation step? a. determine your client's objectives b. discuss topics like home care c. discus products the client uses d. Fitzpatrick typing 16. What is body language? a. the set of scientific terms used for describing the body b. any terminology the client uses to describe his or her body C. verbal communication such as describing which area will be treated d. nonverbal communication such as crossing your arms and frowning 17. What is an example of sensitivity? a. teling a brand-new client she looks terrible but you can help b. choosing your Words carefully C. reminding a co-worker that her hairstyle is out of fashion d. swearing in the workplace 18. What is true of listening? a. it accomplishes less than talking b. listening too closely makes most people uncomfortable C too much listening means not enough talking d. it is the best relationship builder 19. According to the golden rules of human relations, what does every action bring? reaction C. verbal response b. inaction d. physical response 20. What is also known as a client questionnaire? a. beauty review C. consent form b. intake form d. color chart 21. What is a primary ingredient for success in any career? a. ability to express your ideas in a forceful manner b. ability to manipulate other people into doing what you want C. ability to manipulate people into believing what you believe d. ability to express your ideas in a professional manner 22. Why is customer service important in esthetics? a. it is central to success b. treating customers well is the only way to make them tip generously C. treating customers well is the only way to get promoted d. it is not impotant in esthetics 21  of you begin with a firm understanding 23. What can you do when yourself? impress others C. a. manipulate others d. understand others b. persuade others adjustment? 24. What is an attitude are interfering with work a. modification when emotions a client who is being annoying b. scolding you give to a manager makes to a misbehaving c. disciplinary action employee you leave work at the end of the day d. relaxation you feel when criticism? 25. What is constructive a does not look a. observations you offer about why client good estheticians do their b comments you make about how other jobs your manager is not performing C. feedback you provide when well guidance offered by supervisors to improve your job performance d. is What do you exercise when you ensure that client information 26. kept private? C. duplicity a. sensitivity b. confidentiality d. courtesy What do you exercise by not "picking a side" in a conflict? 27. a. confidentiality C. neutrality d. sensitivity b. hypocrisy 28. What is a goal of the "maintenance" consultation step? a. discuss home care b. Fitzpatrick typing c. O'Malley typing d. discuss products the client uses 29. What type of cue is a smile? a. negative verbal C. negative nonverbal b. positive verbal d. positive nonverbal 30. What type of cue are hand gestures that are used to scold or embarrass? a. negative verbal C. negative nonverbal b. positive verbal d. positive nonverbal 22  31. What is a goal of the "preference" consultation step? a. discuss products the client uses b. discuss home care C. recommend new products d. determine skin type 32. What is our emotional state when we feel secure? a. sad, nervous, and unsure b. happy, calm, and confident C. arrogant, cocky, and obnoxious d. bored, calm, and tired 33. What should you remember when someone seems insensitive? a. people are genetically predetermined to be sensitive or insensitive b. you probably caused their insensitivity with your actions C you probably caused their insensitivity with your words d. at this particular time, the person is feeling insecure 34. What should you avoid doing when confronted with bad behavior? a. responding calmly b. counting to 10 before speaking C. considering the other person's mood d. overreacting 35. What are you able to do when you believe in yourself? a. win every argument because you have confidence b. trust your judgment and uphold your own values C. convince clients to buy anything since youre so persuasive d. change your own values whenever it is convenient to do so 36. Why should you be attentive with all clients to learnwhat they want? a. in order to sell them products b. all clients are different C. in order to earn generous tips d. all clients want the same things 37. What is the act of successfully sharing information between people? a. networking C. gossiping b. espionage d. communication 38. What should happen before beginning any part of the service? a. Fitzpatrick typing c. client consultation b. product recommendation d. aromatherapy 23  as much 20 Why should client consultations be performed with privacy as possible? a. because they are embarrassing confidentiality b. to avoid breaches of your clients So other estheticians cannot steal manager won't hear if you make mistakes C d. so the consultation process? 40. When does the "review step occur in the C. whenever is convenient a. at the beginning d. at the end b. somewhere in the middle occur in the consultation process? 41. When does the "repeat"step C. somewhere in the middle at the end d. at the beginning b. whenever is convenient 42. What is reflective listening? you by manufacturer's a. repeating sales pitches taught to representatives b. watching the client's face in the mirror while she is speaking c. closing your eyes while someone speaks so you listen more closely you think the client has said d. repeating, in your own words, what consultation 43. Why is the "repeat" step the most critical of the process? a. clients don't pay attention until the end of the consultation you will perform b. it ultimately determines the service(s) a legal C. everything you say in this step is considered obligation d. your manager will be present for this step of the consultation 44. What is proven by the fact that buman beings desire to interact with other people when they feel secure? a. everyone is basically lonely b. insecure people don't have friends C. people choose when to feel secure or insecure d. human beings are social animals 45. When should you ask for help, according to the golden rules of human relations? a. when you feel lazy b. when you feel overwhelmed c. when you feel lonely d. when you dislike your client 24  Part 2: General Sciences CHAPTER 5-INFECTION CONTROL: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES 1. What term refers to the ability to produce an effect? a. efficacy C. motility b. disinfection d. sterilization 2. What term indicates that a product is capable of destroying bacteria? a. bacteriphobic c. probacterial b. bacterial d. bactericidal 3. What term refers to a resistance to disease that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living? a. natural immunity C. acquired immunity b. physical immunity d. healthy immunity 4. What is scabies? a. bloodborne virus that causes disease b. type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects C. superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin d. contagious disease caused by the itch mite 5. What does the term porous mean? a. made or constructed of a material that does not have openings b. made or constructed of a material that has openings c. susceptible to disease d. immune to a disease 6. What are bacilli? a. round-shaped bacteria b. spherical bacteria that grow in pairS C. spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria d. short, rod-shaped bacteria 7. What are staphylococci? å. pus-forming bacterial that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes b. spiral- or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as syphilis C. microscopic plant parasites, including molds and mildews d. slender, hair-like extensions used by parasites for locomotion 25  8. What are flagella? parasites, including molds and mildews a. microscopic plant arapes bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of b. pus-forming locomotion hair-like extensions used by parasites for slender. cause diseases C. or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that d. spiral- such as syphilis normally exists in tap water in a microscopic germ that 9. What is small numbers? a. diplococci mycobacterium fortuitum b. immunodeficiency virus C. human d. mildew aureus? methicillin-resistant staphylococcus 10. What is infection that commonly affects the skin a. superficial fungal water germ that normally exists in tap b. microscopic like bunches of pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters C. grapes highly resistant to antibiotics infectious bacteria that is d. type of a responsibility of the Environmental Protection Agency 11. What is (EPA)? and used in the a. testing and approving drugs sold United States practices of U.S. farmers b. overseeing all agricultural workplaces C. supervising employee safety in U.S. disinfectants sold and used in d. registering all types of the United States 12. What happened in 1985 that triggered the creation of Universal Precautions? a. bird flu pandemic b. AIDS public health crisis c. hepatitis pandemic d. evidence of the return of the bubonic plague 13. What is a responsibility of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)? a. reviewing and approving pharmaceutical products b. testing and licensing medical professionals c. testing and approving preparation techniques for food producs d. studying diseases and providing guidance to prevent their spread 26  14. What set of practices replaced Universal Precautions in 1996? a. Standard Precautions C. Standard Procedures b. Global Precautions d. Global Procedures 15, When should an adhesive bandage be used? a. after breaking a pimple b. in response to an exposure incident C. prior toa dermabrasion treatment d. during tweezing to aid hair removal 16. What is true of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)? a. it should only be performed by licensed medical professionals b. it is a basic element of first aid every esthetician should know c. only the salon manager is authorized to perform CPR d. you should only perform CPR if a client gives you verbal permission 17. When should you call emergency medical technicians (EMTS)? a. only if it appears that someone in the salon is in mortal danger b as soon as possible after any significant accident has occurred c. only after you have exhausted your knowledge of first-aid techniques d. after the worst results of an accident have been addressed 18. How many levels of burns are there? a. three C. six b. four d. eight 19. What is a fluid created by infection? a. mold c. lymph b. mildew d. pus 20. What is the term for illness related to conditions associated with employment? a. employment disorder C. Occupational disorder b. employment disease d. occupational disease 21, What part of the body does tinea pedis affect? a. hands C. knees b. elbows d. feet 22. What disease is caused by bacteria transmitted through coughing or sneezing? a. tuberculosis c. hepatitis b. AIDS d. diabetes 27  23. What is the term for any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size? a. miniorganism C. microorganism b. suborganism d. quasiorganism 24. What is the body fluid or secretion to which Standard Precautione do NOT apply? a. blood C. pus b. saliva d. sweat 25. When should you apply a mask, eyewear, or gown, according to Standard Precautions? a. whenever you come in contact with the human body b. if the splashing of body fluids is likely C. if the splashing of treatment products is likely d. whenever you come in contact with a pregnant client 26. What should you do FIRST when responding to an exposure incident? a. call an ambulance C. stop the bleeding b. disinfect your hands d. stop the service 27. When in the process of responding to an exposure incident should you recommend that the client see a physician ifsymptoms at develop? a. the beginning of the process b. in the middle of the process C. at the end of the process d. several times throughout the process 28. What term refers to disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood? a. bloodstream invaders C. bloodborne invaders b. bloodstream pathogens d. bloodborne pathogens 29. What is infection control? a. wearing protective gear at all times in the salon b. methods used to eliminate or reduce transmission of infectious organisms G methods that ensure absolutely no infections organisms enter the salon d. step-by-step instructions for performing medical aesthetic treatments  20. What term refers to the process for properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies to reduce contamination? a. infection control C. aseptic control b. infection procedures d. aseptic procedures 31. What is the difference between rules and laws? a. laws are more specific than rules b. you are not expected to obey rules C. each salon makes up its own rules d. rules are more specific than laws 32. Which organization regulates and enforces safety standards to protect employees at work? a. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) b. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) C. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) d. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (0SHA) 33. What can you find on Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSS)? a. lists of companies that sell the specified product b. information about possible hazards and safe use of products C. product pricing information d. comparison charts describing efficacy of similar products 34. What must every employee in the salon do after reading each MSDS that comes into the salon? a. verify having read the MSDS b. memorize the entire MSDS C. write a report on the MSDS d. copy the MSDS by hand 35. What part of the body is MOST often affected by foliculitis? a. eyebrows C. armpits b. bridge of the nose d. bearded areas of the face 36. What term indicates that a product is capable of destroying viruses? a. antibacterial C. virucidal b, neutroviral d. viruphobic 37. What term indicates that a person shows no signs or symptoms of infection? a. asymptomatic C. symptomatic b. antisymptomatic d. nonsymptomatic 29  a by extreme sensitivity to What term refers to reaction caused a 38. normally harmless substance? allergy C. a analogy d. contagion b. infection or on an term for the number of viable organisms in 39. What is the object or surface? C. viable load a. bioload d. viable burden b. bioburden 40. What is true of touching? cannot be spread is harmless since infection a. touching through touching spread through touching is rare for infection to be b. it get an infection someone, you will every time you touch C. most common method of spreading infection d. touching is the What does the term immunity refer to? 41. who are always sick a. physical characteristics of people absorb infection b. ability of the body to easily and resist infection ability of the body to destroy never sick people who are C. d. physical characteristics of of body tissues by disease 42. What term refers to the invasion causing pathogens? a. inoculation C. motility d. infection b. allergy 43. What is the condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection? a. inflammation G. integrity d. incapacitation b. immunity 44. What is sterilization? with tap water a. degree of cleansing acquired by rising b process that completely destroys all microbial life process that destroys most, but not all, microorganisms on a C. surface degree of cleansing acquired by washing one's hands d. 45. What is type of fungus that affects plants or grows on a inanimate objects? a pus c. lymph b. mildew d. spirilla 30  46. What is true of fourth-degree burns? a. they are not very serious b. they the most common type of burn C. they always require medical attention d. they are always fatal 47. What term refers to a parasitic particle that infects and resides in the cells of biological organisms? a. fungus C. bacteria b. immunization d. virus 48. What term refers to various poisonous substances produced by some.microorganisms? a. quats C. phenols b. toxins d. flagella 49. What is the common termfor tineaversicolor? a. migraine C. athlete's foot b. sun spots d. barber's itch 50. What is a systemic disease? a. disease that affects only one particular body system b. disease that affects the body as a whole C. disease that affects only two particular body systems d. disease that systematically runs its course in 24 hours 31  CHAPTER 6-GENERAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1. How much blood does the human body contain? a. one to three pints C. 12 to 14 pints b. eight to 10 pints d. 17 to 20 pints 2. What is a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system? a. lymph C. pus b. blood d. water 3. What are platelets? a. blood components that contribute to the blood-clotting process b. a type of white blood cell C. a type of red blood cell d. dangerous bacteria found in the bloodstream 4. What is another term for white blood cells? a. capillaries C. arterioles b. leukocytes d. venules 5. What is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues? a. anatomy c. histology b. physiology d. osteology 6. What is one reason estheticians should study body systems, organs, and tissues? a. to obtain the medical license needed to become an esthetician b. to perform emergency surgery in the salon C. to prescribe medications for clients with skin disorders d. to understand the effect services have on the body 7. What is protoplasm? a. foundation of all chemical beauty products b. substance of which the cells of all living things are composed C. toxic substance found in the bodies of people with diseases d. yellowish fluid that oozes from open sores 8. What is the process of cell reproduction called? a. anagen C. mitosis b. catagen d. metastasization 33  9. What is the sternum? a. flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ibs b. uppermost bone of the skull C. longest bone in the foot d. collarbone 10. What part of the hand is supplied by the radial nerve and its branches? C. pinky and ring fingers a. palm b. back d. middle and index fingers What is the fluid part of the blood and lymph that carries food 11. and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells? a. pus C. plasma b. lymph d. sebum a 12. What is true of the origin part of muscle? a. it is not attached to the skeleton b. it disappears after puberty C. it moves frequently d. it is attached to the skeleton 13. What are structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions? a. cells C. body systems b. organs d. bodies 14. Why does the parathyroid gland regulate blood calcium and phosphorous levels? a. so the endocrine and muscular systems can function properly b. so the nervous and muscular systems can function properly C. so the nervous and circulatory systems can function properly d. so the endocrine and circulatory systems can function properly 15. What is true of the pituitary gland? a. it is the most complex organ of the endocrine system b. it is the most complex organ of the integumentary system C. it has no effect on the physiological processes of the body d. it affects very few of the body's physiological processes 16. What organ in the endocrine system secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats? a. pancreas C. liver b. kidney d. stomach 34  17. What are the secretions that the endocrine qlands release directly into the bloodstream and that influence the welfare of the entire body? a. red blood cells C. endorphins b. white blood cells d. hormones 18. What is the primary function of the respiratory system? a. digestion C. reproduction b. blood circulation d. breathing 19. What is the primary function of the lymphatic/immune system? a. protecting the body from disease C. facilitating reproduction b. providing the body's outer shell d. facilitating respiration 20. What is the primary function of the skeletal system? a. providing the exterior protective covering of the body b. circulating blood to the bones and to muscles attached to bones C. circulating oxygen to the bones and to muscles attached to bones d. providing the physical foundation of the body 21. What is osteology? a. study of the muscles C. study of the organs b. study of the bones d. study of the blood 22. What is a term that means bone and is used as a prefix in many medical terms? a. C. a b. es d. is 23. What is the primary function of the circulatory system? a. promoting sebum production b. providing a path for waste products to move out of the body C. providing carbon dioxide to all cells of the body d. moving blood through the body 24. What is covered, shaped, and supported by the muscular system? a. integumentary system C. vital organs b. skeletal tissue d. secondary organs 25. What body system is responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste? a. endocrine C. excretory b. integumentary d. digestive 35  What is the primary function of the excretory system? 26. matter a. purifying the body by elimination of waste b. converting food into nutrients and waste C. circulating blood and lymph throughout the body d. circulating nitrogen and oxygen throughout the body What is the primary function of the reproductive system? 27. a. discharging waste from the body race b. perpetuating the human C. maintaining erogenous zones d. feeding nutrients into the body 28. What is the body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems? a. endocrine C. integumentary b. reproductive d. nevous 29. What is a connection between two or more bones of the skeleton? a. joint c. origin b. ligament d. insertion 30. What body system serves as a protective covering for the body? a. endocrine C. nervous b. skeletal d. integumentary 31. What is a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function? a. lymph C. body system b. sebum d. tissue 32. What are valves? a. structures that close a passage or permit flow in one direction only b. exterior openings on the body such as aural canals, nostrils, and pores C. junctures in the digestive system where food is halted and processed d. junctures in the excretory system where waste is halted and processed 33. Where in the skull is the occipital bone located? a. front b. back C left side d. right side 36  34. How many identical daughter cells are formed when a cell divides during mitosis? a. tw0 C. six b. four d. eight 35. What are the two phases of metabolism? a. anabolism and catabolism C. internal and external b. botulism and embolism d. primary and secondary 36. What is the metabolic process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones? a. premetabolism C. anabolism b. postmetabolism d. catabolism 37. When, during metabolism, are complex compounds within the cells broken down into smaller ones? a. anabolism C. primary metabolism b. catabolism d. secondary metabolism 38. What body system affects the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body? a. circulatory C. nervouS b. integumentary d. endocrine 39. Where in the body does the spinal cord originate? a. top of the skull C. brain b. base of the neck d. heart 40. What are glands? sexual organs required for reproduction b. specialized organs that remove and convert elements from the blood C. chambers of the heart required for circulation d. groups of cells in the skin responsible for perspiration 41. What are lymph nodes? a. gland-like structures found inside the lymphatic vessels b. components of lymph that flow through lymphatic vessels c. dedicated muscles that power the lymphatic vessels d. tubes that take lymph to and from lymphatic vessels 42. What are two physical characteristics of lymph? a. c. yellow and gelatinous thick and sticky b. red and spongy d. colorless and watery 37  What binds tissues of the body together? 43. adhesive tissue C. a. anatomical binders d. connective tissue b. physiological binders a protective covering on body 44. What type of tissue provides surfaces? nerve C. a. endocrine d. border b. epithelial and messages to and from the brain and controls 45. What carries coordinates all body functions? nerve tissue C. a. epithelial tissue d. supervisory tissue b. cardiac tissue blood? 46. What organ circulates the C. liver a. brain d. kidney b. heart 47. What do the kidneys do? a. pump nitrogen into the blood oxygen into the blood b. pump C. convert food to nutrients d. excrete water and waste products bones that form the bridge of the 48. What is the name of the two nose? a. occipital C. nasal d. dorsal b. cranial strongest bone in the face? 49. What is the largest and a. lacrimal C. mandible vomer b. d. turbinal 50. What is formed by the 12 pairs of bones in the ribs? a. sternum C. epiglottis b. thorax d. abdomen lungs, and 51. What serves as the protective framework for the heart, other internal organs? a. thorax C abdomen b. sternum d. torso 52. What are small vessels that connect capillaries to veins? a. granules C. ampules b. papules d. venules 38  53. What term refers to thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries? a. venules C. vesicles b. veins d. ventricles 54. What gland controls how quickly the body burns energy and makes proteins? a. adrenal C. pituitary b. pineal d. thyroid 55. What is NOT true about the brain? a. it is where thoughts are formed b. it is the largest organ of the body C. it controls the body d. it is protected by the cranium 56. What supplies oxygen to the blood? a. brain C. lungs b. heart d. kidneys 57. What is the function of the liver? removing waste created by digestion b. circulating lymph through the body C. adding oxygen to the blood d. removing oxygen from the blood 58. What organ aids the intestines in the digestion of food? kidney C. stomach b. liver d. pancreas 59. What is defecation? circulating water through the body b. breaking food down into nutrients C. absorbing nutrients into the body d. eliminating waste from the body 60. What is the term for taking food into the body? a. ingestion C. indigestion b. digestion d. regurgitation 39  CHAPTER 7-BASICS OF CHEMISTRY 1 What has physical properties that we can see, smell, taste, and touch? a. radiation C. energy b. matter d. electricity 2. What causes oxidation? a. addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen b. addition of hydrogen or the loss of oxygen C. addition of both oxygen and hydrogen d. loss of both oxygen and hydrogen 3. What is an ion? a. atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge b. atom or molecule without an electrical charge C. dust particle left over after the ionization process d. spark discharged during the ionization process 4. What is an atom with a positive electrical charge? a. neutron C. cation b. anion d. molecule 5. What is an ion with a negative charge? anion C molecule b. cation d. neutron 6. What does the term miscible mean? a. incapable of being mixed b. capable of being mixed C. incapable of being ionized d. capable of being ionized 7 What is united with the aid of an emulsifier to create an emulsion? a. two or more miscible substances b. two or more immiscible substances C. a reduction and a solution d. a surfactant and a liquid 8. What is a solution? a. unstable mixture of the largest particles b unstable mixture of an emulsion and a reduction C uniform mixture of two or more mutually immiscible substances d. uniform mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances 41  9. What is air? shell of radiation surrounding Earth up the Earth's atmosphere b. gaseous mixture that makes common name for the chemical that makes the sky C. appear blue d. water vapor that forms clouds 10. What is true of liquid? a. it is matter with fixed volume and definite shape b. it is matter with no fixed volume and no definite shape C. is matter with fixed volume but no definite shape it d. it is matter with no fixed volume but definite shape 11. What is NOT true of atoms? a. all matter is composed of atoms b. they are small particles of elements C. all atoms are identical d. atoms consist of smaller particles 12. What is true of oxygen? a. it is the most abundant element on Earth b. it is the least abundant element on Earth C. it should not be ingested because it is poisonous to humans d. contrary to popular belief, there is no oxygen in the air 13. What is true of water? on Earth a. it is the most abundant of all substances b. it is a relatively scarce substance C. water comprises a very small portion of the human body d. the human body is made entirely of water 14. What is true of elements? a. there are only five basic elements in the universe b. in chemistry, the main elements are sunshine, clouds, rain, and snow C. elements are the most complex form of matter d. elements are the simplest form of matter 15. What is light a form of? a. energy C. gas b. matter d. liquid 42  16. What is true of each of the approximately 90 naturally occurring elements? a. though chemical properties vary, all have the same physical properties b. though physical properties vary, all have the same chemical properties C allshare the same physical and chemical properties d. each has its own distinctive physical and chemical properties 17. What term refers to molecules that contain two or more atoms of the same element? a. atomic molecules c. radiological molecules b. chemical molecules d. elemental molecules 18. What businesses primarily use oil-in-water emulsions? a. auto repair shops C. salons and spas b. bakeries d. fast-food restaurants 19. What is true of moisturizer? a. it is an oil-in-water emulsion b. it is a water-in-oil emulsion C. it is an oil-in-water reduction d. it is a water-in-oil reduction 20. What is a difference between water-in-oil (W/0) emulsions and oil-in-water (0/W) emulsions? a. 0/W emulsions are greasier b. W/0 emulsions are greasier c. 0/W emulsions are not easily rinsed away with water d. W/0 emulsions are easily rinsed away with water 21. What are most skin care products? a. reductions of oil and water b. emulsions of oil and water C. solutions of oil and water d. suspensions of oil and water 22. What term means "water-loving"? a. hydrocentric c. hydrophobic b. hydroactive d. hydrophilic 23. What term means "oil-loving"? a. lipophilic c. lipoactive b. lipocentric d. lipophobic 43  24. How much of the air is made up of nitrogen? one-quarter C. two-thirds a. d. four-fifths b. three-eighths What is the science that deals with the composition, structure. 25. and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions? c. biology a. physiology ergonomics d. chemistry b. chemistry? 26. What are the two branches of anagen and catagen a. alkaline and acidic C. d. artificial and natural b. organicand inorganic What element is absent from the compounds studied in inorganic 27. chemistry? a. nitrogen C. carbon oxygen d. helium b. 28. What is the study of substances that contain carbon? a. carbon chemistry C. organic chemistry b. carbon dating d. organic dating are 29. What element is found in all living things, whether they plants or animals? a. zinc C. radon b. helium d. carbon a solvent to form a 30. What is any substance that is dissolved by solution? a. suspension C. solute b. matter d. emulsion 31. What do antioxidants prevent by neutralizing free radicals? a. radicalization c. oxygenation b. oxidation d. ionization 32. What type of neutralization reaction forms water and salt? a. reduction-compound C. acid-alkali b. atom-alkali d. solution-compound 33. What is the natural pH of the skin? a. 3.5 C. 7.0 b. 5.5 d. 7.5 44  24 What term refers to substances with a pH below 7.0? a. acids C. bases b. alkalis d. solutes 35. What are substances with a pH above 7.0? à. acids C. reductions b. alkalis d. solutions 36. What type of substance has a pH level of 7.0? a. alkaline C. neutral b. acidic d. toxic 37. What are suspensions? a. chemical compounds made from a reduction and a solution b. chemical compounds made from a reduction and a suspension C. unstable mixtures of two or more immiscible substances d. stable mixtures of two or more immiscible substances 38. What is reduction? a. loss of both oxygen and hydrogen b. addition of both oxygen and hydrogen C. loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen d. addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen 39. What is the term that refers to matter in its three physical forms (liquid, solid, gas)? states of matter C. appearances of matter b. physical properties d. chemical properties 40. How much of the Earth's surface, approximately, is water? a. 10 percent C. 75 percent b. 25 percent d. 100 percent 45  CHAPTER 8-BASICS OF ELECTRICITY 1. What does the acronym LED stand for? a. light-emitting diode C. light electrical device b. laser-emitting device d. laser electrode dial 2. What measure is one-thousandth of an ampere? a. multiampere C. microampere b. milliampere d. macroampere 3. What term refers to currents used as electrical facial and scalp treatments? a. modems C. modalities b. moderations d. modes 4. What apparatus changes alternating current to direct current? a. charger C modifier b. actuator d. rectifier 5. What describes Tesla high-frequency curre