Bones II PDF Notes - Skeletal System Anatomy

🦴 BONES II Anatomy 3rd lecture Dr. Ameera A. AlHumidi Introduction to skeletal system "II" By: Ab...

🦴 BONES II Anatomy 3rd lecture Dr. Ameera A. AlHumidi Introduction to skeletal system "II" By: Abdulelah NOTES FROME THE LUCTURE CLASSIFICATION OF BONES : Long bones : Shaft (diaphysis) 2 ends (epiphyses) Which are smooth and articular Medullary cavity containing bone marrow Classification: A- Typical long bones : a- Mini long bones : B- Atypical long bones : Has 1 epiphyses Examples : No medullary cavity Considered typical 1- Humerus 2- Radius Examples : Examples : 3- Ulna 1- Clavicle 4- Femur 1-Metacarpals 5- Tibia 2-Metatarsals 6- Fibula 3-Phalanges BONES II 1  Short bones : Sesamoid bones : They should be connected together as These are bony nodules found group embedded in Their shape usually is : the tendons or joint capsules. Cuboid They have no periosteum Cuneiform Ossify after birth Trapezoid Fix the tendons of the muscles Scaphoid Examples : Examples: 1. Patella in the tendon of the 1. Tarsal bones quadriceps muscle 2. Carpal bones 2. Pisiform in the tendon of the ulnaris muscle 3. Patella in the tendon of the fibularis muscle Irregular bones : Flat bones : No fixed shape Thin and flat. Form boundaries of certain Examples: body cavities. 1. Vertebra 2. Hip bone Examples : 1. Cranium bones of the skull ( Vault of 3. Facial bones of the skull ( base of the skull ) the skull ) 2. Ribs 3. Sternum 4. Scapula 5. illum part of the hip bone BONES II 2  Joints : Definition : A junction between two or more bones or cartilages. - It is a device to permit movements Note: - There are more joints in a child than in an adult - As growth proceeds some of the bones fuse together Examples : 1. The ilium, ischium and pubis to form the pelvic bone 2. The two halves of the infant frontal bone 3. The two halves of the infant mandible Structural Classification of Joints Types of joints : Types Fibrous joints Cartilaginous joints Synovial joints Generally 1-Immovable Moveability Moveable immovable 2-Slightly moveable Fibrous Joints : In fibrous joints the bones are joined by fibrous tissue. Types : Type Sutures Syndesmosis Gomphosis Connected by the interosseous Root of the tooth in Moveability Immovable. ligament. its bony socket 1- Skull 1- Radio-ulnar interosseous 1- Tooth 2- Hip bone 2- Tibio-fibular interosseous Cartilaginous Joints : Ones connected by cartilage: BONES II 3  Primary cartilaginous joints ( Secondary cartilaginous joints ( synchondrosis ) symphysis ) Joint between epiphysis and These joints are permanent and diaphysis of a growing long bone persist throughout life 1. Intervertebral disks 2. Symphysis puppies 3. Sternocostal Synovial Joints : Articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity that filled by synovial fluid Types : Ball & socket Saddle Condylar Multiaxial Biaxial Biaxial eg : eg : eg : Shoulder Carpo-meta-carpal Meta-carpo- phalangeal Hip Tarso-meta-tarsal Inter-phalangeal Meta-tarso- phalangeal Inter-phalangeal Plane (gliding) Pivot Hinge Uniaxial Uniaxial Uniaxial eg : eg : eg : Inter carpal Radio-ulnar Elbow Inter tarsal Ribio-fibular Knee upper limb lower limb BONES II 4