Bone and Joints PDF

Bone and joints By Assistant lecturer Dr.Haider Fadhil Jawad The skeleton Axial skeleton: 1. Skull 2. Vertebral column (Bones of the trunk) 3. Ribs Appendicular skeleton: (Bones of the limbs) 1. shoulder girdle with the upper limb 2. pelvic girdle with the lower limbs...

Bone and joints By Assistant lecturer Dr.Haider Fadhil Jawad The skeleton Axial skeleton: 1. Skull 2. Vertebral column (Bones of the trunk) 3. Ribs Appendicular skeleton: (Bones of the limbs) 1. shoulder girdle with the upper limb 2. pelvic girdle with the lower limbs Bones Form the supporting framework of the body Protects internal organs Types of bone According to shape Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones According to structure Compact bone Cancellous (spongy) bone The joint A joint is the site where two or more bones come together Types of joint Fibrous joints Cartilaginous joints Synovial Joints Fibrous joint (immobile joints) Form strong connection between bones of the skull Between radius and ulna in the forearm(interosseous membrane)  Cartilaginous Joint where the bones are joined by hyaline cartilage, (a) epiphyseal plate in long bone (b) Pubic symphysis is formed by right and left pubic bones by fibrocartilage  Synovial Joint Allows smooth movements between adjacent bones Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Lined with synovial membrane Surrounded by articular capsule  Synovial joints are subdivided into: Ball and socket joint: e.g. shoulder, hip joint Pivot joint: e.g. atlas and axis (vertebrae) Hinge joint: e.g. elbow, knee Saddle joint: e.g. carpometacarpal joint in the thumb. Plane joint : e.g. sternoclavicular joint ellipsoid joint: wrist joint Ball and socket Pivot joint Hinge joint Saddle joint Plane joint Sternoclavicular joint ellipsoid joint Thank you