Bodhmala-7-Class-9 PDF
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This document appears to be a textbook on Indian culture and Hinduism, for a class 9.
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Hkkjrh; KkuijEijk vk/kkfjr laLÏfr cks/kekyk izdk'kd % fo|k Hkkjrh laLÏfr f'k{kk laLFkku] oqG#{ks= lR; ijkØe 'khy fuèkku] èkhj èkuq/kZj vfr cyokuA e;kZnk iq#"kksÙke jke] uers rqEgsa ujksÙke jkeAA jk"Vª xhr & oUns ekrje~ çLrqr jk"Vªxhr Hkkjr ds çfl¼ lkfgR;dkj...
Hkkjrh; KkuijEijk vk/kkfjr laLÏfr cks/kekyk izdk'kd % fo|k Hkkjrh laLÏfr f'k{kk laLFkku] oqG#{ks= lR; ijkØe 'khy fuèkku] èkhj èkuq/kZj vfr cyokuA e;kZnk iq#"kksÙke jke] uers rqEgsa ujksÙke jkeAA jk"Vª xhr & oUns ekrje~ çLrqr jk"Vªxhr Hkkjr ds çfl¼ lkfgR;dkj Jh cafdepUæ pV~Vksikè;k; (pVthZ) }kjk jfpr ^vkuaneB* iqLrd ls mn~èk`r gSA Lora=krk çkfIr ds le; ;gh xhr Økafrdkfj;ksa dk çsj.kk ea=k jgk gSA oUns ekrje~A lqtyka lqiQyka ey;t'khryke~] 'kL; ';keyka ekrje~A oUns ekrje~ AA1AA 'kqHkz&T;ksRLuka&iqyfdr&;kfeuhe~] iqQYy&dqlqfer&æqeny&'kksfHkuhe~] lqgkfluha] lqe/qj&Hkkf"k.khe~] lq[knka] ojnka] ekrje~A oUns ekrje~ AA2AA dksfV&dksfV&daB dy&dy&fuukn&djkys] dksfV&dksfV&HkqtS/`Zr&[kj&djokys] vcyk dsuks ek¡ ,rks cys] cgqcy&/kfj.kha] uekfe rkfj.khe~] fjiqny&okfj.kha ekrje~A oUns ekrje~ AA3AA rqfe fo|k rqfe /eZ] rqfe âfn rqfe eeZ] Roa fg izk.kk% 'kjhjs] ckgqrs rqfe ek 'kfDr] ân;s rqfe ek HkfDr] rksekjbZ izfrek xfM+ efUnjs&efUnjsA oUns ekrje~ AA4AA Roa fg nqxkZ n'kizgj.k&/kfj.khe~] deyk dey&ny&fogkfj.khe~] ok.kh fo|knkf;uh] uekfe Roke~ uekfe deyka veyka vrqyke~] lqtyka lqiQyka] ekrje~A oUns ekrje~ AA5AA ';keyka ljyka lqfLerka Hkwf"krke~] /j.kha Hkfj.kha ekrje~A oUns ekrje~ AA6AA Hkkjr ekrk dh t;A 2 izdk'kdh; ijeksPp lR; dk lU/ku] vk[;ku vkSj O;ogkj laLÑfr gSA vklsrqfgekpy] bl Hkwfe ij viuh lkjLor lkèkuk ls bl lR; dk lk{kkr~ n'kZu dj gekjs iwoZt euhf"k;ksa us Íf"k in izkIr fd;kA osn ,oa mifu"kn~ vkfn okÄ~e; ds :i esa mUgksaus bldh vfHkO;fÙkQ dhA bl i`Fohry ,oa leLr czãk.M dh izkÑfrd 'kfÙkQ;ksa dh nso:i esa euksje Lrqfr rFkk thou ds xwrs gq, thou ds y{; fuèkkZfjr djus ds mijkUr muds liQy dk;kZUo;u ds fy, vkRe&cy dh vko';drk gksrh gSA Jh xhrk th esa dsoy fl¼kUr ugha gSaA JhÑ".k fl¼kUrksa dks lgtrk ls O;ogkj esa ykus ds fy, çk;ksfxd midj.k ds fo"k; esa Hkh le>k jgs gSaA ;gk¡nks midj.kksa dk mYys fd;k tk jgk gS%& û) vè;kRe fo|k % Hkxoku~ us Lo;a dks ^vè;kRe fo|k fo|kuka* (ûú@ýü) ^fo|kvksa esa vè;kRe fo|k vFkkZr~ czãfo|k gw¡* crk dj bldh lokZsPprk çfrikfnr dh gS ,oe~ Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk] tks vè;kRe fo|k dk vuwBk vkSj lEiw.kZ ln~xzUFk gS] gesa çnku fd;k gSA eSa dkSu\ eSa gh ;gk¡D;ksa\ tSls ç'uksa ds mÙkj thou ds çfr gekjk n`f"Vdks.k cny nsrs gSaA ldkjkRed ÅtkZ dk lapkj gj O;fDr esa gj le; jgrk gSA fopfyr {k.kksa esa ;gh Kku&Hkku fujksèkd dk dk;Z djrk gSA 'kjhj dks Hkxoku~ us ;U=k ek=k crk;k gSA ;g foy{k.k foospu vusd HkzkfUr;ksa dks fojke nsrk gS%& bZ'oj% loZHkwrkuka âís'ks¿tZqu fr"BfrA Hkzke;UloZHkwrkfu ;U=kk:esa fpÙkokyk vkSj esjs ijk;.k gksdj fLFkr gksosA mi;ZqÙkQ dk eq[; vkèkkj gS % çk.kkikukS lekS ÑRok (ÿ@ü÷) çk.k vkSj viku ok;q dks le djdsA ;gka Hkh ijekRek us ^lerk* dh gh ckr dh gSA 28 fo'ks"k rhu fcUnq % & bl çfØ;k ds fy, cgqewY; HkkSfrd lalkèkuksa dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gS] 'kjhj :ih ;U=k gh i;kZIr gSA & tc çk.kk;ke vkSj è;ku dh fofèk ls v{k;&vkuUn ds iFk ij vxzlj gks ldrs gS rc thou ds lkekU; pj.kksa esa vdYiuh; lgk;rk feyus esa gekjk iwjk fo'okl gksuk pkfg,A vr% la'k; dk dksbZ LFkku gh ugha jguk pkfg,A & è;kukoLFkk dk lnqi;ksx vPNs laLdkjksa] vPNh vknrksa dk oj.k djus esa djuk pkfg,A çkphu xq#dqy f'k{kk oSfnd Kku rd igq¡p µ orZeku lnh ds fy, lkSHkkX; dh ckr gS µ vkFkZj 'kkWisugoj (teZuh) Hkkjr çkphu dky ls Kkuoku ns'k ds :i esa fo'ofo[;kr gSA Hkkjr dk vFkZ gh ^Kku dh lk/uk esa yxk jgus okyk* gSA Kku dh n`f"V ls osn fo'o esa çkphure lkfgR; gSA ml ij vkèkkfjr Hkkjr dh f'k{kk Hkh fo'o esa çkphure gSA osndkyhu xq#oqQy f'k{kk oSfnd dky] jkek;.k dky ,oa egkHkkjr dky esa gekjs ns'k dh f'k{kk xq#dqy uke ls çpfyr FkhA xq#dqy ftl O;oLFkk esa pyrs Fks] mls vkJe dgk tkrk FkkA tSls] ofl"B dk vkJe] fo'okfe=k dk vkJe] vxLR; dk vkJe vkfnA bu vkJeksa esa ;s ½f"k czãpkfj;ksa dks f'k{kk nsrs FksA KkuktZu djus okyk czãpkjh f'k"; dgykrk Fkk ,oa Kku nsus okys ½f"k xq# dgykrs FksA bu xq#dqyksa ls gh xq#&f'k"; ijEijk pyh tks vkt Hkh fdlh u fdlh :i esa fo|eku gSA ;gk¡ge dqN çeq xq#dqyksa dh tkudkjh ysdj vius Kku esa o`f¼ djsaxs µ l czãf"kZ ofl"B vkJe & v;ksè;k esa fLFkr jke] y{e.k] Hkjr] 'k=kq?u pkjksa Hkkb;ksa dh f'k{kk blh vkJe esa gqbZA xksLokeh rqylhnkl th us jkepfjrekul esa cM+k lqUnj o.kZu fd;k gSA izkrdky mfB ds j?kqukFkkA ekr&firk xq# uk¡ofga ekFkkA xq# x`g x;s irs gSa fd ge NksVs gSa] vkUnksyu esa rjk gSA ge mYVs eqlhcr eas u iM+ tk,¡A** nksuksa fe=kksa us vyx tqywl dh ;kstuk dhA dud mlh xk¡o ds JhÑ".kdkUr c#vk dh csVh FkhA üú vxLr ûùþü dks jktdq¡oj T;ksfr çlkn dh vxqokbZ esa xksgiqj dh dksrokyh ij frjaxk iQgjkus dh ;kstuk cuhA fo'kky tuleqnk; jk"Vªh;rk cksèkd ukjksa ds lkFk vkxs ck;k] ^lR;dke* us Hkh] jke us Hkh xq# dks izeksn igq¡pk;k gSA ^dkSRl* us] ^mÙkad* us] vusd jko&jad us Hkh xq#&pj.kksa esa izse ije c